Michael Chabon (1963) Novelist, short story writer, essayist
Source: The Yiddish Policemen’s Union (2007), Chapter 39
Michael Chabon (1963) Novelist, short story writer, essayist
Source: The Yiddish Policemen’s Union (2007), Chapter 39
Henry VII of England (1457–1509) King of England, 1485–1509
Letter circulated around November 1484, as quoted in Annette Carson (2009), Richard III: The Maligned King, The History Press, page 245
“Greatness by nature includes a power, but not a will to power.”
Martin Buber (1878–1965) German Jewish Existentialist philosopher and theologian
Source: Between Man and Man (1965), p. 150
“Men of power have not time to read; yet men who do not read are unfit for power”
Michael Foot (1913–2010) British politician
On Benjamin Disraeli, in his own book, 'Debts of Honour
1980s
“Allied air power was the greatest single reason for the German defeat.”
Albert Kesselring (1885–1960) German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II
Quoted in "Tail-End Charlies: The Last Battles of the Bomber War, 1944-45" - by John Nichol, Tony Rennell - History - 2006.
Tony Benn (1925–2014) British Labour Party politician
Speech in the House of Commons (13 March 1974) http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1974/mar/13/industry-and-energy <br class="br">1970s
Charles Wheelan (1966) American politician
Introduction to Public Policy (2011), Ch. 8 : The Role of Government
Samuel Butler (1835–1902) novelist
Literary Power
The Note-Books of Samuel Butler (1912), Part VII - On the Making of Music, Pictures, and Books
Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933) American politician, 30th president of the United States (in office from 1923 to 1929)
1920s, Toleration and Liberalism (1925)
Annie Besant (1847–1933) British socialist, theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator
Indian Political Thought, p. 191
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Speech in the House of Commons (25 April 1800), reported in The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Vol. XXXV (London: 1819), pp. 91-93.
1800s
Umberto Boccioni (1882–1916) Italian painter and sculptor
as quoted in Futurism, ed. Didier Ottinger; Centre Pompidou / 5 Continents Editions, Milan, 2008, p. 154.
1914 - 1916
Allen Ginsberg (1926–1997) American poet
Gordon Ball (1977), Journals: Early Fifties Early Sixties, Grove Press NY
Journals: Early Fifties Early Sixties
Paul Tillich (1886–1965) German-American theologian and philosopher
"Philosophy and Fate"
The Protestant Era (1948)
William Law (1686–1761) English cleric, nonjuror and theological writer
¶ 86 - 89.
An Humble, Earnest and Affectionate Address to the Clergy (1761)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) Suffragist and Women's Rights activist
1896
September
The Degraded Status of Woman in the Bible
Free Thought Magazine
Chicago
14
542
http://books.google.com/books?id=TfOfAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA542&dq=%22for+fifty+years+the+women%22
Henry Adams (1838–1918) journalist, historian, academic, novelist
The Education of Henry Adams (1907)
Nicholas of Cusa book De concordantia catholica
De concordantia catholica (The Catholic Concordance) (1434)
“Organization theory…has been altogether too accommodating to organizations and their power.”
Charles Perrow (1925–2019) American sociologist
Source: 1970s, Complex organizations, 1972, p. iii
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (1859–1925) British politician
The Middle East, Abstracts and Index, Volume 30, Part 4, p. 39
Misattributed
Arnold Hauser (1892–1978) Hungarian art historian
The Social History of Art, Volume I. From Prehistoric Times to the Middle Ages, 1999, Chapter II. Ancient Oriental Urban cultures
George William Russell (1867–1935) Irish writer, editor, critic, poet, and artistic painter
Open letter to the Masters of Dublin (1913)
Albert Einstein (1879–1955) German-born physicist and founder of the theory of relativity
The New Quotable Einstein
1950s, Essay to Leo Baeck (1953)
Joseph Priestley book Essay on the First Principles of Government
Section I, "Of the First Principles of Government, and the different kinds of Liberty"
Essay on the First Principles of Government, 2nd Edition (1771)
Zygmunt Vetulani (1950) Polish mathematician
Polish Press Agency (July 17, 2018): Polish Scientist warns against cyborgization perils https://polandinenglish.info/38094623/polish-scientist-warns-against-cyborgization-perils.
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980) Shah of Iran
The Shah's Message on the occasion of the 23rd Anniversary of the Foundation of the United Nations - October 24, 1968 http://members.cybertrails.com/~pahlavi/un-1.html <br class="br">Speeches, 1968
Hugh Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard (1873–1956) Royal Flying Corps commander and first Royal Air Force Chief of the Air Staff
Given by Trenchard in 1946. As listed on Skygod.com - Great Aviation Quotes http://www.skygod.com/quotes/airpower.html
Arjuna Ranatunga (1963) Sri Lankan cricketer
Daily News, "Sports Ministry must act with more responsibility - Arjuna Ranatunga" http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=2016/02/18/sports/sports-ministry-must-act-more-responsibility-arjuna-ranatunga, February 18, 2016.
Agnes Martin (1912–2004) American artist
Source: 1970's, The Untroubled Mind', 1972, p. 62
George Holmes Howison (1834–1916) American philosopher
Source: The Limits of Evolution, and Other Essays, Illustrating the Metaphysical Theory of Personal Ideaalism (1905), The Harmony of Determinism and Freedom, p.331-2
Irving Babbitt (1865–1933) American academic and literary criticism
Source: "What I Believe" (1930), pp. 7-8
John Mearsheimer book The Tragedy of Great Power Politics
Source: The Tragedy of Great Power Politics (2001), Chapter 2, Anarchy and the Struggle for Power, p. 38
Ignatius Sancho (1729–1780) British composer, writer and grocer
(from vol 2, letter 60: 5 Jan 1780, to Mr J. W___e [still in India] ).
John Brown (abolitionist) (1800–1859) American abolitionist
Provisional Constitution and Ordinances (1858), Speech to the Court (1859)
Michael Moorcock book The War Hound and the World's Pain
Source: The War Hound and the World's Pain (1981), Chapter 2 (p. 31)
Henry Clay (1777–1852) American politician from Kentucky
Speech in the Senate on the National Bank Charter (February 11, 1811).
The Scottish Himalaya Expedition (1951) The "Goethe couplet" referred to here is from an extremely loose translation of Faust 214-30 done by John Anster in 1835. Reference:
This quote, or one similar to it, is often attributed to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, however it was written by Mr. Murray near the beginning of the The Scottish Himalaya Expedition.
Nico Perrone (1935) Italian historian and writer
Source: The Strategic Stakes in Mattei's Flight, p. 25
Fred Phelps (1929–2014) American pastor and activist
2000s, Jerry Falwell Split Hell Wide Open (2007)
Paul DiMaggio (1951) American sociologist
Source: "The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields," 1983, p. 150.
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing
Letter (5 September 1857), quoted in The Life of Florence Nightingale (1913) by Edward Tyas Cook, p. 369
Richard Chenevix Trench (1807–1886) Irish bishop
Reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), p. 467.
James Whitbread Lee Glaisher (1848–1928) English mathematician and astronomer
Source: "Presidential Address British Association for the Advancement of Science," 1890, p. 466 : On the expansion of the field of mathematics, and on the importance of a well-chosen notation
Johannes Grenzfurthner (1975) Austrian artist, writer, curator, and theatre and film director
via Boing Boing http://boingboing.net/2016/04/14/the-story-of-traceroute-about.html
Max Weber (1864–1920) German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist
Source: Religion of India (1916), p. 20
Glen Cook book The White Rose
Source: The White Rose (1985), Chapter 39, “A Guest at Charm” (pp. 624-625)
Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963) Indian political leader
From his speech given on 28 November 1960 at laying the foundation-stone of the building of the Law Institute of India, in: p. 15
Presidents of India, 1950-2003
Paul Krugman (1953) American economist
Introduction of Pop Internationalism (1996)
Pop Internationalism (1996)
Ricardo Sanchez (1953) United States Army Lieutenant General
Reporters and editors luncheon address (2007)
Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) 18th President of the United States
1870s, Message to the Senate and House of Representatives (1870)
Denis Diderot (1713–1784) French Enlightenment philosopher and encyclopædist
La puissance qui s'acquiert par la violence n'est qu'une usurpation, et ne dure qu'autant que la force de celui qui commande l'emporte sur celle de ceux qui obéissent.
Article on Political Authority, Vol. 1 (1751)
L'Encyclopédie (1751-1766)
“Never, ever go near power. Don't become friends with anyone who has real power. It's dangerous.”
Stanley Kubrick (1928–1999) American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer and editor
Quoted in "After Stanley Kubrick" (18 August 2010), an interview of his wife Christiane Kubrick in The Guardian
Neil Postman (1931–2003) American writer and academic
Language Education in a Knowledge Context (1980)
John Fowles book The Magus
Introduction (1977 edition)
The Magus (1965)
Harrington Emerson (1853–1931) American efficiency engineer and business theorist
Source: The twelve principles of efficiency (1912), p. 177; ; cited in Münsterberg (113; 53)
Leslie Weatherhead (1893–1976) English theologian
Source: The Christian Agnostic (1965), p.224
Li Minqi (1969) Chinese economist
Source: The Rise of China and the Demise of the Capitalist World-Economy (2008), Chapter 1: Introduction to China and the Capitalist World-Economy
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969) American general and politician, 34th president of the United States (in office from 1953 to 1961)
1950s, Atoms for Peace (1953)
Jennifer Lawrence (1990) American actress
on starting her career - Schneller, Johanna. "‘Thanks for raising me, but I’m going to take it from here’" http://web.archive.org/web/20120403062819/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/arts/movies/johanna-schneller/interview-with-winters-bone-star-jennifer-lawrence/article1600683/. theglobeandmail.com. June 11, 2010. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
Brent Budowsky (1952) American journalist
In shock poll, Libertarian Johnson beats Trump among economists (August 23, 2016)
Thomas Fuller (1608–1661) English churchman and historian
Of Jesting.
The Holy State and the Profane State (1642)
Nathaniel Lindley, Baron Lindley (1828–1921) English judge
Roberts v. Gwyrfai District Council (1899), L. R. 2 C. D. 614.
Ian Fleming (1908–1964) English author, journalist and naval intelligence officer
Dr. Julius No, in Ch. 15 : Pandora’s Box
Dr. No (1958)
Gabrielle Giffords (1970) American politician
A Senate in the Gun Lobby’s Grip, The New York Times, 2013-04-18, April 17, 2013 http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/18/opinion/a-senate-in-the-gun-lobbys-grip.html?hp&_r=0,
Michael Crichton (1942–2008) American author, screenwriter, film producer
Environmentalism as a Religion (2003)
Richard Miles (historian) (1969) British historian and archaeologist
My bright idea: Civilisation is still worth striving for
Daniel Ellsberg (1931) American economist and whistleblower
WHISTLEBLOWER TOUR! Daniel Ellsberg, Jesselyn Radack & Thomas Drake, April 8, 2014, found at 1:48:08 - 1:49:31 https://www.c-span.org/video/?318762-1/challenges-facing-whistleblowers,THE
Richard Nixon (1913–1994) 37th President of the United States of America
1970s, First Watergate Speech (1973)
Sung-Yoon Lee Korea and East Asia scholar, professor
https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/16/life_after_kim
Life After Kim
February 16, 2010
Foreign Policy
March 1, 2013
https://www.webcitation.org/6EyqdXfyA?url=http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/16/life_after_kim?page=full
March 9, 2013
no
Bernard Lewis (1916–2018) British-American historian
Source: Books, The Arabs in History (1950), p. 45-46
Robert M. Pirsig book Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance
Source: Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (1974), Ch. 29
Garrison Keillor (1942) American radio host and writer
"Congress's Shameful Retreat From American Values" in The Chicago Tribune (4 October 2006)
Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) 3rd President of the United States of America
Resolution 9
1790s, Kentucky Resolutions of 1798
Context: This commonwealth is determined, as it doubts not its co-states are, to submit to undelegated and consequently unlimited powers in no man, or body of men, on earth; that, if the acts before specified should stand, these conclusions would flow from them — that the general government may place any act they think proper on the list of crimes, and punish it themselves, whether enumerated or not enumerated by the Constitution as cognizable by them; that they may transfer its cognizance to the President, or any other person, who may himself be the accuser, counsel, judge, and jury, whose suspicions may be the evidence, his order the sentence, his officer the executioner, and his breast the sole record of the transaction; that a very numerous and valuable description of the inhabitants of these states, being, by this precedent, reduced, as outlaws, to absolute dominion of one man, and the barriers of the Constitution thus swept from us all, no rampart now remains against the passions and the power of a majority of Congress, to protect from a like exportation, or other grievous punishment, the minority of the same body, the legislatures, judges, governors, and counsellors of the states, nor their other peaceable inhabitants, who may venture to reclaim the constitutional rights and liberties of the states and people, or who for other causes, good or bad, may be obnoxious to the view, or marked by the suspicions, of the President, or be thought dangerous to his or their elections, or other interests, public or personal; that the friendless alien has been selected as the safest subject of a first experiment; but the citizen will soon follow, or rather has already followed; for already has a Sedition Act marked him as a prey: That these and successive acts of the same character, unless arrested on the threshold, may tend to drive these states into revolution and blood, and will furnish new calumnies against republican governments, and new pretexts for those who wish it to be believed that man cannot be governed but by a rod of iron; that it would be a dangerous delusion were a confidence in the men of our choice to silence our fears for the safety of our rights; that confidence is every where the parent of despotism; free government is founded in jealousy, and not in confidence; it is jealousy, and not confidence, which prescribes limited constitutions to bind down those whom we are obliged to trust with power; that our Constitution has accordingly fixed the limits to which, and no farther, our confidence may go; and let the honest advocate of confidence read the Alien and Sedition Acts, and say if the Constitution has not been wise in fixing limits to the government it created, and whether we should be wise in destroying those limits; let him say what the government is, if it be not a tyranny, which the men of our choice have conferred on the President, and the President of our choice has assented to and accepted, over the friendly strangers, to whom the mild spirit of our country and its laws had pledged hospitality and protection; that the men of our choice have more respected the bare suspicions of the President than the solid rights of innocence, the claims of justification, the sacred force of truth, and the forms and substance of law and justice.
In questions of power, then, let no more be said of confidence in man, but bind him down from mischief by the chains of the Constitution.
Wendy Kaminer (1949) American lawyer
"Ashcroft's Lies" in The American Prospect (14 July 2002) http://prospect.org/cs/articles?article=ashcrofts_lies <br class="br">Context: When the government seeks to expand its power to spy on us, for example, it should be required to show how the loss of anonymity and freedom will make us safer. The FBI already enjoys the broad power to eavesdrop; according to government reports, it intercepts some two million innocent telephone and Internet conversations every year. The administration wants to expand its power to conduct surveillance by minimizing the role of the courts in monitoring it. Will this make us safer from terrorism or simply less safe from our government?
J. G. Ballard (1930–2009) British writer
"JG Ballard: Theatre of Cruelty" interview by Jean-Paul Coillard in Disturb ezine (1998)
Context: For the sake of my children and grandchildren, I hope that the human talent for self-destruction can be successfully controlled, or at least channelled into productive forms, but I doubt it. I think we are moving into extremely volatile and dangerous times, as modern electronic technologies give mankind almost unlimited powers to play with its own psychopathology as a game.
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894) physicist and physiologist
"On the Physiological Causes of Harmony" (1857), p. 81
Popular Lectures on Scientific Subjects (1881)
Context: As you are aware, no perceptions obtained by the senses are merely sensations impressed on our nervous systems. A peculiar intellectual activity is required to pass from a nervous sensation to the conception of an external object, which the sensation has aroused. The sensations of our nerves of sense are mere symbols indicating certain external objects, and it is usually only after considerable practice that we acquire the power of drawing correct conclusions from our sensations respecting the corresponding objects.
Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921) Russian zoologist, evolutionary theorist, philosopher, scientist, revolutionary, economist, activist, geogr…
Anarchism: Its Philosophy and Ideal (1896)
Context: A different conception of society, very different from that which now prevails, is in process of formation. Under the name of Anarchy, a new interpretation of the past and present life of society arises, giving at the same time a forecast as regards its future, both conceived in the same spirit as the above-mentioned interpretation in natural sciences. Anarchy, therefore, appears as a constituent part of the new philosophy, and that is why Anarchists come in contact, on so many points, with the greatest thinkers and poets of the present day.
In fact, it is certain that in proportion as the human mind frees itself from ideas inculcated by minorities of priests, military chiefs and judges, all striving to establish their domination, and of scientists paid to perpetuate it, a conception of society arises, in which conception there is no longer room for those dominating minorities. A society entering into possession of the social capital accumulated by the labor of preceding generations, organizing itself so as to make use of this capital in the interests of all, and constituting itself without reconstituting the power of the ruling minorities. It comprises in its midst an infinite variety of capacities, temperaments and individual energies: it excludes none. It even calls for struggles and contentions; because we know that periods of contests, so long as they were freely fought out, without the weight of constituted authority being thrown on the one side of the balance, were periods when human genius took its mightiest flight and achieved the greatest aims. Acknowledging, as a fact, the equal rights of all its members to the treasures accumulated in the past, it no longer recognizes a division between exploited and exploiters, governed and governors, dominated and dominators, and it seeks to establish a certain harmonious compatibility in its midst — not by subjecting all its members to an authority that is fictitiously supposed to represent society, not by trying to establish uniformity, but by urging all men to develop free initiative, free action, free association.
It seeks the most complete development of individuality combined with the highest development of voluntary association in all its aspects, in all possible degrees, for all imaginable aims; ever changing, ever modified associations which carry in themselves the elements of their durability and constantly assume new forms, which answer best to the multiple aspirations of all.
Frances Wright (1795–1852) American activist
"An Exposition of the Mission of England: Addressed to the Peoples of Europe" in The Reasoner, Vol. 3, No. 54 (1847), p. 321
Context: It is not, happily, within our power thus to work destruction in the universal womb of things; still within the sphere of human influence — which extends to the uttermost limit of our world's circumambient atmosphere — we can, and do, modify all nature's kingdom; bending towards good or ill, health or disease, harmony or discord, each part, each unit of the universal plan. Upon our just or erroneous comprehension then, of the laws of nature, must depend our adaptation of art for the right improvement or for the ignorant deterioration of Nature's works. And moreover, upon our just or erroneous interpretation of these in the first division of truth — the physical — will depend our interpretation of them in the intellectual and in the moral; from all which it follows, that our system of human economy will present, even as it has ever presented, a practical exhibition of that of the universe. There is more consistency in the human mind, as in the course of events, than is supposed. In both, the first link in the chain decides the last. Man hath ever made a cosmogony in keeping with his views in physics; a scheme of government in keeping with his cosmogony; a theory of ethics in keeping with his government, and a code of law and theology in keeping with his ethics. Every perception of the human mind modifies human practice. Science is but the theory of art.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) Indian philosopher and statesman who was the first Vice President and the second President of India
Eminent Indians (1947)
Context: We must respect our own dignity as rational beings and thus diminish the power of fraud. It is better to be free than be a slave, better to know than to be ignorant. It is reason that helps us to reject what is falsely taught and believed about God, that He is a detective officer or a capricious despot or a glorified schoolmaster. It is essential that we should subject religious beliefs to the scrutiny of reason.
Walter E. Williams (1936) American economist, commentator, and academic
2010s, American Contempt for Liberty (2015)
Context: It’s government people, not rich people, who have the power to coerce and make our lives miserable. Coercive power goes a long way toward explaining political corruption.
Alan Moore (1953) English writer primarily known for his work in comic books
De Abaitua interview (1998)
Context: Organised religion has corrupted one of the purest, most powerful and sustaining things in the human condition. It has imposed a middle management, not only in our politics and in our finances, but in our spirituality as well. The difference between religion and magic is the same as what we were talking about earlier – I think you could map that over those two poles of fascism and anarchism. Magic is closer to anarchism.
Henry Spira (1927–1998) American activist
Context: There is a rich tradition to help answer this question ["What can be done?"]. It's the fight for human freedom. And the fundamental lesson is that the meek don't make it. But audacity must be fused with attention to detail, with an awareness of social attitudes, power relations and scientific possibilities.
Philip Wicksteed (1844–1927) English economist
Pages 713–714.
"The Marxian Theory of Value: Das Kapital: A Criticism" (1884)
Context: It is true also that Marx elsewhere virtually defines value so as to make it essentially dependent upon human labour (p. 81 [43a]). But for all that his analysis is based on the bare fact of exchangeability. This fact alone establishes Verschiedenkeit and Ghichheit, heterogeneity and homogeneity. Any two things which normally exchange for each other, whether products of labour or not, whether they have, or have not, what we choose to call value, must have that "common something" in virtue of which things exchange and can be equated with each other; and all legitimate inferences as to wares which are drawn from the bare fact of exchange must be equally legitimate when applied to other exchangeable things. Now the "common something," which all exchangeable things contain, is neither more nor less than abstract utility, i. e. power of satisfying human desires. The exchanged articles differ from each other in the specific desires which they satisfy, they resemble each other in the degree of satisfaction which they confer. The Verschiedenheit is qualitative, the Gleichheit is quantitative.It cannot be urged that there is no common measure to which we can reduce the satisfaction derived from such different articles as Bibles and brandy, for instance (to take an illustration suggested by Marx), for as a matter of fact we are all of us making such reductions every day. If I am willing to give the same sum of money for a family Bible and for a dozen of brandy, it is because I have reduced the respective satisfactions their possession will afford me to a common measure, and have found them equivalent. In economic phrase, the two things have equal abstract utility for me. In popular (and highly significant) phrase, each of the two things is worth as much to me as the other.Marx is, therefore, wrong in saying that when we pass from that in which the exchangeable wares differ (value in use) to that in which they are identical (value in exchange), we must put their utility out of consideration, leaving only jellies of abstract labour. What we really have to do is to put out of consideration the concrete and specific qualitative utilities in which they differ, leaving only the abstract and general quantitative utility in which they are identical.This formula applies to all exchangeable commodities, whether producible in indefinite quantities, like family Bibles and brandy, or strictly limited in quantity, like the "Raphaels," one of which has just been purchased for the nation. The equation which always holds in the case of a normal exchange is an equation not of labour, but of abstract utility, significantly called worth. … A coat is made specifically useful by the tailor's work, but it is specifically useful (has a value in use) because it protects us. In the same way, it is made valuable by abstractly useful work, but it is valuable because it has abstract utility.
Amit Goswami (1936) American physicist
"Scientific Proof of the Existence of God : An interview with Amit Goswami" by Craig Hamilton in What Is Elightenment? magazine http://www.wie.org/j11/goswami.asp (Spring-Summer 1997). <br class="br">Context: The current worldview has it that everything is made of matter, and everything can be reduced to the elementary particles of matter, the basic constituents — building blocks — of matter. And cause arises from the interactions of these basic building blocks or elementary particles; elementary particles make atoms, atoms make molecules, molecules make cells, and cells make brain. But all the way, the ultimate cause is always the interactions between the elementary particles. This is the belief — all cause moves from the elementary particles. This is what we call "upward causation." So in this view, what human beings — you and I think of as our free will does not really exist. It is only an epiphenomenon or secondary phenomenon, secondary to the causal power of matter. And any causal power that we seem to be able to exert on matter is just an illusion. This is the current paradigm.Now, the opposite view is that everything starts with consciousness. That is, consciousness is the ground of all being. In this view, consciousness imposes "downward causation." In other words, our free will is real. When we act in the world we really are acting with causal power. This view does not deny that matter also has causal potency — it does not deny that there is causal power from elementary particles upward, so there is upward causation — but in addition it insists that there is also downward causation. It shows up in our creativity and acts of free will, or when we make moral decisions. In those occasions we are actually witnessing downward causation by consciousness.