Heraklit z Efezu cytaty

Heraklit z Efezu , – presokratyczny filozof grecki, zaliczany do jońskich filozofów przyrody, urodzony w mieście Efez, w Jonii, u wybrzeży Azji Mniejszej. Autor pism kosmologicznych, politycznych i teologicznych. Pochodził ze szlachetnego rodu. Mało wiadomo o jego dziecięcych latach i edukacji, on sam uważał siebie za samouka i mędrca. Nazywany był „Ciemnym” oraz „Płaczącym Filozofem” ze względu na wariabilistyczną koncepcję świata i człowieka, trudny do zrozumienia styl piśmiennictwa oraz samotne życie, które prowadził. Swoje poglądy przedstawiał za pomocą alegorii i aforyzmów, tak aby mogli je zrozumieć jedynie nieliczni wtajemniczeni.

Najbardziej znanym elementem filozofii Heraklita jest koncepcja zmiany jako centralnego elementu świata , jak Heraklit określił to w słynnym zdaniu „niepodobna wstąpić dwukrotnie do tej samej rzeki”: Δεν μπορείς να μπεις δυο φορές στον ίδιο ποταμό . Wierzył w jedność przeciwieństw, twierdząc, że „droga w dół i w górę jest jedna”. Istniejącym rzeczom można jego zdaniem przypisać pary przeciwnych właściwości: ciepło, zimno, jasność, ciemność. Jego kolejna koncepcja, Logosu jako zasady, poprzez którą wszystkie rzeczy istnieją, była poddawana licznym interpretacjom. Filozofia Heraklita zapoczątkowała wiele wątków w filozofii zachodniej: wariabilizm Heraklita znajdzie swoje odbicie u Platona, relatywizm i humanizm – u sofistów , idea ognia i logosu – u stoików. Uznaje się go też za prekursora heglowskiej dialektyki z uwagi na swoją teorię wyłaniania się i syntezy przeciwieństw.

Heraklit stworzył traktat filozoficzny pt. O naturze i złożył go w świątyni Artemidy w Efezie. Przypuszczalnie składały się na niego trzy części: o wszechświecie, o polityce i o teologii, pisane tzw. „ciemnym” stylem, aby tylko wtajemniczeni mogli je zrozumieć. Dzieło to nie dochowało się do naszych czasów. Pozostały tylko drobne fragmenty, około 120 w zależności od edycji. Wikipedia  

✵ 535 p. n. e.   •   Natępne imiona Heraklit von Ephesos, Гераклит
Heraklit z Efezu Fotografia
Heraklit z Efezu: 94   Cytaty 38   Polubień

Heraklit z Efezu słynne cytaty

„Mądrość polega na tym, by poznać myśl, która wszystkim steruje.”

Źródło: Leksykon złotych myśli, wyboru dokonał K. Nowak

Heraklit z Efezu Cytaty o świecie

„Nie da się dwa razy wejść do tej samej rzeki.”

Wariant: Nie można dwa razy wejść do tej samej rzeki, bo juz inne napłynęły w nią wody.
Źródło: Jostein Gaarder, Świat Zofii. Cudowna podróż w głąb historii filozofii, Warszawa 1995, tłum. Iwona Zimnicka, s. 48.

„Wszyscy czuwający mają jeden i wspólny świat, a każdy, który zasypia, odwraca się ku swojemu.”

Źródło: Łukasz Biskupski, Śladami Enneasza, „Tygiel Kultury”, 10 grudnia 2007 http://www.tygielkultury.eu/10_12_2007/aktual/02.htm.

„Bóg to dzień i noc, zima i lato, wojna i pokój, głód i sytość.”

Źródło: Jostein Gaarder, Świat Zofii. Cudowna podróż w głąb historii filozofii, Warszawa 1995, tłum. Iwona Zimnicka, s. 49.

Heraklit z Efezu Cytaty o myślach

„Nie wystarczy dużo wiedzieć, żeby być mądrym.”

Źródło: Leksykon złotych myśli, wyboru dokonał K. Nowak

„W myśleniu wszyscy uczestniczą.”

Inna wersja: Wszystko uczestniczy w myśleniu.

Heraklit z Efezu cytaty

„Droga w górę jest drogą w dół.”

Wariant: Ta sama droga prowadzi pod górę i w dół.
Źródło: O przyrodzie

„Charakter człowieka tworzy jego los.”

Wariant: Charakter człowieka jest jego przeznaczeniem.
Źródło: Leksykon złotych myśli, wyboru dokonał Krzysztof Nowak, Warszawa 1998.

„Walka jest ojcem wszelkiego stworzenia.”

Źródło: O naturze, B53 DK

Heraklit z Efezu: Cytaty po angielsku

“Although the Law of Reason is common, the majority of people live as though they had an understanding of their own.”

Fragment 92, as translated by G.W.T. Patrick, trans.
Numbered fragments

“The waking have one world in common; sleepers have each a private world of his own.”

Fragment 89
Plutarch, Of Superstition
Numbered fragments

“You cannot step twice into the same rivers.”

ποταμῷ γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμβῆναι δὶς τῷ αὐτῷ
Fragment 91
Plutarch, On the EI at Delphi
Numbered fragments
Wariant: You cannot step twice into the same rivers.

“Nature is wont to hide herself.”

Fragment 123
Numbered fragments

“This universe, which is the same for all, has not been made by any god or man, but it always has been, is, and will be an ever-living fire, kindling itself by regular measures and going out by regular measures.”

Fragment 30
Variant translations:
The world, an entity out of everything, was created by neither gods nor men, but was, is and will be eternally living fire, regularly becoming ignited and regularly becoming extinguished.
This world . . . ever was, and is, and shall be, ever-living Fire, in measures being kindled and in measure going out.
That which always was,
and is, and will be everlasting fire,
the same for all, the cosmos,
made neither by god nor man,
replenishes in measure
as it burns away.
Translated by Brooks Haxton
Numbered fragments

“Greater fates gain greater rewards”

As quoted by The Fragments of the Work of Heraclitus of Ephesus on Nature; Translated from the Greek Text of Bywater, with an Introduction Historical and Critical, by G. T. W. Patrick. Page 108 https://books.google.com/books?id=gLxQZb3TMYgC&lpg=PA108&ots=RUCu2BIyRB&dq=Greater%20fates%20gain%20greater%20rewards.&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q=Greater%20fates%20gain%20greater%20rewards.&f=false
Alternative translation: Big results require big ambitions.

“Everything changes and nothing stands still.”

As quoted by Plato in Cratylus, 402a
Variants and variant translations:
Everything flows and nothing stays.
Everything flows and nothing abides.
Everything gives way and nothing stays fixed.
Everything flows; nothing remains.
All is flux, nothing is stationary.
All is flux, nothing stays still.
All flows, nothing stays.
Πάντα ῥεῖ
Everything flows.
This statement occurs in Simplicius' Commentary on Aristotle's Physics, 1313.11; while some sources attribute to Simplicius the coining of the specific phrase "πάντα ῥεῖ (panta rhei)", meaning "everything flows/is in a state of flux", to characterize the concept in the philosophy of Heraclitus, the essential phrasing "everything changes" and variations on it, in contexts where Heraclitus's thought is being alluded to, was current in both Plato and Aristotle's writings.

“It is harder to fight against pleasure than against anger.”

As quoted by Aristotle in Nicomachean Ethics, Book II (1105a)

“Couples are wholes and not wholes, what agrees disagrees, the concordant is discordant. From all things one and from one all things.”

Fragment 10
Variant translation: From out of all the many particulars comes oneness, and out of oneness come all the many particulars.
Numbered fragments

“It would not be better if things happened to people just as they wish.”

Fragment 110
Variant translation: It would not be better if things happened to men just as they wish.
Numbered fragments

“The many are mean; only the few are noble.”

in Eric Hoffer, Between the Devil and the Dragon (New York: 1982), p. 108

“He who does not expect will not find out the unexpected, for it is trackless and unexplored.”

Fragment 18, as quoted in The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments (1981) edited by Charles H. Kahn, p. 105
Variants:
He who does not expect the unexpected will not find it out.
The Art and Thought of Heraclitus: An Edition of the Fragments (1981) edited by Charles H. Kahn, p. 129
He who does not expect the unexpected will not find it, since it is trackless and unexplored.
As quoted in Helen by Euripides, edited by William Allan (2008), p. 278
Unless you expect the unexpected, you will not find it, for it is hidden and thickly tangled.
Rendering ἐὰν μή "unless" is more English-friendly without being inaccurate. As for the last clause, the point is that you can neither find it nor navigate your way through it. The alpha-privatives suggest using similar metaphoric adjectives to keep the Greek 'feel.' (S. N. Jenks, 2014)
Numbered fragments

“It is better to conceal ignorance than to expose it.”

Fragment 109
Variant translation: Hide our ignorance as we will, an evening of wine soon reveals it.
Numbered fragments

“Men that love wisdom must be acquainted with very many things indeed.”

As quoted Clement of Alexandria, Stromata, V, 140, 6 (Fragment 35)

“Opposition brings concord. Out of discord comes the fairest harmony.”

As translated by Philip Wheelwright in Heraclitus (1959) https://archive.org/details/heraclitus00whee
Disputed

“Change he called a pathway up and down, and this determines the birth of the world.”

From Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius, Book IX, section 8

“For what sense or understanding have they? They follow minstrels and take the multitude for a teacher, not knowing that many are bad and few good. For the best men choose one thing above all – immortal glory among mortals; but the masses stuff themselves like cattle.”

G.T.W. Patrick, 1889 http://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/heraclitus/herpatu.htm
Wariant: For what sense or understanding have they? They follow minstrels and take the multitude for a teacher, not knowing that many are bad and few good. For the best men choose one thing above all – immortal glory among mortals; but the masses stuff themselves like cattle.

“Though wisdom is common, yet the many live as if they had a wisdom of their own.”

Fragment 2, as quoted in Against the Mathematicians by Sextus Empiricus
Variant translation: So we must follow the common, yet the many live as if they had a wisdom of their own.
Numbered fragments

“It is wise to listen, not to me but to the Word, and to confess that all things are one.”

Fragment 50, as translated in the Loeb Classics edition http://www.loebclassics.com/view/heracleitus_philospher-universe/1931/pb_LCL150.471.xml?rskey=IyhfrN&result=8
Variant translations:
Listening not to me but to reason, it is wise to agree that all is one.
Listening not to me but to the Word it is wise to agree that all things are one.
He who hears not me but the logos will say: All is one.
It is wise to hearken, not to me, but to my Word, and to confess that all things are one.
The word translated in these quotes and many others as "The Word" or "Reason", is the greek word λόγος (Logos).
Numbered fragments

“Much learning does not teach understanding.”

Fragment 40
Numbered fragments

“Eternity is a child playing, playing checkers; the kingdom belongs to a child.”

Quoted by Hippolytus, Refutation of all heresies, IX, 9, 4 (Fragment 52), as translated in Reality (1994), by Carl Avren Levenson and Jonathan Westphal, p. 10
Variants:
History is a child building a sand-castle by the sea, and that child is the whole majesty of man’s power in the world.
As quoted in Contemporary Literature in Translation (1976), p. 21
A lifetime is a child playing, playing checkers; the kingdom belongs to a child.
As quoted in The Beginning of All Wisdom: Timeless Advice from the Ancient Greeks (2003) by Steven Stavropoulos, p. 95
Time is a game played beautifully by children.
As quoted in Fragments (2001) translated by Brooks Haxton
Lifetime is a child at play, moving pieces in a game. Kingship belongs to the child.
As quoted in The Art and Thought of Heraclitus (1979) translated by Charles H. Kahn

“Men are at variance with the one thing with which they are in the most unbroken communion, the reason that administers the whole universe.”

Fragment 93
Friedrich Nietzsche's translation: The law under which most of them ceaselessly have commerce they reject for themselves. (The Pre-Platonic Philosophers, Chapter 10)]
Numbered fragments

“War is the father and king of all, and has produced some as gods and some as men, and has made some slaves and some free.”

G. T. W. Patrick, 1889 http://www.classicpersuasion.org/pw/heraclitus/herpatu.htm

“Dogs, also, bark at what they do not know.”

Fragment 97
Numbered fragments

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