Robinson in his 1849 adress, as quoted in the Report of the Nineteenth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science https://archive.org/stream/report36sciegoog#page/n50/mode/2up, London, 1850.
Quotes about minister page 7
William Darling (politician) (1885–1962) Scottish politician
Source: The Bankrupt Bookseller (1947), pp. 119–20
Enoch Powell (1912–1998) British politician
On John Major's decision to resign as party leader in order to contest a leadership election (The Daily Mail, 27 June, 1995).
1990s
“Well, Mr. Prime Minister, I can't waste any more time on you. I must get back to work.”
John Diefenbaker (1895–1979) 13th Prime Minister of Canada
From a conversation with Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier (29 July 1910) when Diefenbaker was 14; quoted in Canada's Prime Ministers, 1867 - 1994: Biographies and Anecdotes (Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1994).
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist
On the Origin and Function of Music
Essays on Education (1861)
Lung Ying-tai (1952) Taiwanese politician
Lung Ying-tai (2013) cited in " PTS row 'worst' int'l scandal: Lung http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/national/national-news/2013/05/23/379324/PTS-row.htm" on The China Post, 23 May 2013
Gordon Brown (1951) British Labour Party politician
Hansard http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmhansrd/cm071128/debtext/71128-0003.htm#07112862002023, House of Commons, 6th series, vol. 468, col. 275 (28 November 2007) <br class="br">Vincent Cable, acting leader of the Liberal Democrats. <br class="br">About
Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013) British stateswoman and politician
Quoted from an interview with Stina Dabrowski. Margaret Thatcher on rising to power, and resigning from it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_gnhy7eT1s (1995) <br class="br">Post-Prime Ministerial
Jahangir (1569–1627) 4th Mughal Emperor
Tarikh-i-Salim Shahi, p. 16. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1999). Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 5
Lee Hsien Loong (1952) Prime Minister of Singapore
Lee in his defamation lawsuit against CPF activist Roy Ngerng. https://advox.globalvoices.org/2014/05/31/singapore-prime-minister-sues-blogger-for-defamation/
Yvette Cooper (1969) British politician
During a budget response debate http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm100628/debtext/100628-0012.htm, 28 July, 2010. Link to the video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtORBuxY0MU.
Menzies Campbell (1941) British Liberal Democrat politician and advocate
Resignation letter http://politics.guardian.co.uk/libdems/story/0,,2191836,00.html, 15 October 2007.
George W. Bush (1946) 43rd President of the United States
2010s, 2015, Remarks at the SMU 100th Spring Commencement (May 2015)
Hari Punja (1936) Fijian businessman
on rumours that he had helped to finance the coup d'état fronted by George Speight in May 2000 <br class="br">Interview with World Investment News http://www.winne.com/fiji/vi04.html, 21 January 2003 (excerpts)
Bernard Mandeville book The Fable of the Bees
"The Grumbling Hive", line 180, p. 10
The Fable of the Bees (1714)
William Cobbett (1763–1835) English pamphleteer, farmer and journalist
Political Register (20 April 1805), quoted in Karl W. Schweizer and John W. Osborne, Cobbett and His Times (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1990), pp. 27-28, 71-72.
Dennis Skinner (1932) British politician
Speech http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199192/cmhansrd/1992-02-28/Debate-1.html in the House of Commons (28 February 1992) <br class="br">1990s
John Calvin (1509–1564) French Protestant reformer
Sermon on 1 Timothy, ch. 3. The 22 Sermon upon the second Chapter http://www.truecovenanter.com/calvin/calvin_22_on_Timothy.html Sermons on Timothy and Titus (16th-17th century facsimile editions), p. 265. pdf images http://www.puritansermons.com/pdf/calvin05.pdf
Vijay R. Singh (1931–2006) Fijian politician
Speaking Out (2006)
Chuba Okadigbo (1941–2003) Nigerian politician
Address to the December 2001 debates concerning Biafra, USAfrica Online http://www.usafricaonline.com/okadigbo.biafra2001.html
Alex Salmond (1954) Scottish National Party politician and former First Minister of Scotland
Speech at the SNP annual conference (24 September 2004), quoted in The Independent, ' Salmond back with threat to impeach PM http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/salmond-back-with-threat-to-impeach-pm-6160873.html' (25 September 2004).
David Lloyd George (1863–1945) Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Speech in Limehouse, East London (30 July 1909), quoted in Better Times: Speeches by the Right Hon. D. Lloyd George, M.P., Chancellor of the Exchequer (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1910), p. 156.
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Arun Jaitley (1952–2019) Indian politician
Calling for the resignation of Natwar Singh who was accused of corruption, as quoted in " Indian foreign minister removed http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4414504.stm", BBC News (7 November 2005)
John Mortimer (1923–2009) English barrister, dramatist, screenwriter and author
Source: Where There's a Will: Thoughts on the Good Life (2003), Ch. 15 : Interesting Times
Harry Turtledove book The Great War: American Front
Source: The Great War: American Front (1998), p. 7
David Dixon Porter (1813–1891) United States Navy admiral
Source: 1880s, Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War (1885), pp. 319–320
John Magufuli (1959) Tanzanian politician
Head of Political Science and Public Administration Department at the University of Dar es Salaam, Dr Benson Bana, faulted those criticising Dr Magufuli, stressing that the president is setting the nation in order (referring to how Magufuli does not attend meetings), quoted on Daily News, "Magufuli backed on foreign trips" http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46632-magufuli-backed-on-foreign-trips, February 3, 2015. <br class="br">About
José Maria Eça de Queiroz book Cartas de Inglaterra
Jovens de letras, meus amigos, ponde vossos olhos neste exemplo de ouro! Sê prudente, mancebo; nunca, ao entrar na carreira literária, publiques poema ou novela sem a antecipada precaução de ter sido durante alguns anos – primeiro-ministro de Inglaterra!
"Israelismo"; "Israelism" p. 56.
Cartas de Inglaterra (1879–82)
Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934) 10th President of the French Republic
Diary entry (3 August 1914), quoted in John Keiger, 'France' in Keith Wilson (ed.), Decisions for War 1914 (London: University College London Press, 1995), p. 137.
Clement Attlee (1883–1967) Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Harold Wilson, Memoirs 1916-1964: The Making of a Prime Minister (Weidenfeld & Nicolson and Michael Joseph, London, 1986), p. 121.
Attributed
“I wouldn't call the Prime Minister gutless. That's all that's left of him.”
David Lange (1942–2005) New Zealand politician and 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand
Referring to Sir Robert "Piggy" Muldoon.
Source: NZPD 456, 1984, p. 107.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) English poet, literary critic and philosopher
" Love http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/stc/Coleridge/poems/Love.html", st. 1 (1799)
Nicolas Chamfort (1741–1794) French writer
Il y a peu d'hommes qui se permettent un usage vigoureux et intrépide de leur raison, et osent l'appliquer à tous les objets dans toute sa force. Le tems est venu où il faut l'appliquer ainsi à tous les objets de la Morale, de la Politique et de la Société, aux rois, aux ministres, aux grands, aux philosophes, aux principes des Sciences, des Beaux-arts, etc., sans quoi, on restera dans la médiocrité.
Reflections
Boris Johnson (1964) British politician, historian and journalist
Ephraim Hardcastle, Daily Mail, 22 July 2003, p. 13.
Asked by pupils of Gillott's School in his constituency whether he would like the job of Prime Minister.
2000s, 2003
Harry Turtledove book The Great War: American Front
Source: The Great War: American Front (1998), p. 9
Ehud Barak (1942) Israeli politician and prime minister
Speech at UC Berkeley http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/19324/edition_id/391/format/html/displaystory.html, November 22, 2002
Anna Hazare (1937) Indian activist
"Action against Ramdev: Anna Hazare supporters to observe countrywide hunger strike", http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_team-anna-terms-police-action-on-ramdev-barbaric-to-boycott-lokpal-meet_1551517 Daily News & Analysis (Mumbai), 5 June 2011
Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973) American politician, 36th president of the United States (in office from 1963 to 1969)
1960s, Telephone call with Senator Richard Russell (May 27, 1964)
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Speech in the House of Commons (12 December 1792), quoted in The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Vol. XXX (London: 1817), pp. 41-42.
1790s
Julia Gillard (1961) Australian politician and lawyer, 27th Prime Minister of Australia
Recalling Rudd's psychological status in January 2010, following the December 2009 Climate Change Summit, in Copenhagen.
The Killing Season, Episode two: Great Moral Challenge (2009–10)
John McCain (1936–2018) politician from the United States
[Text of McCain's Speech on First-Term Goals, http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/05/15/text_of_mccains_vision_of_2013.html, washingtonpost.com, 2008-05-15, 2008-06-01]
2000s, 2008
Mahesh Sharma (1959) Indian politician
On introducing the Gita in schools, as quoted in " Quran and Bible are not central to India's soul: Mahesh Sharma http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/quran-and-bible-are-not-central-to-indias-soul-mahesh-sharma/1/472944.html" India Today (14 September 2015)
Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013) British stateswoman and politician
Speech to Conservative Party Conference (12 October 1990) http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/108217 <br class="br">Third term as Prime Minister
Roy Jenkins (1920–2003) British politician, historian and writer
Speech http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1985/nov/12/industry-and-employment in the House of Commons (12 November 1985). <br class="br">1980s
David Lloyd George (1863–1945) Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Speech in Conway (c. late July 1892) after the 1892 general election, quoted in Thomas Jones, Lloyd George (London: Oxford University Press, 1951), pp. 16-17.
Backbench MP
Göran Persson (1949) Swedish politician, Swedish Social Democratic Party, thirty-second Prime minister of Sweden
Said in a speech to Komvux (adult secondary education) students in Norrköping in 2002, according to the Swedish news agency TT.
Michel Chossudovsky (1946) Canadian economist
Economic Warfare, Chapter 21, p. 327
The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order - Second Edition - (2003)
Charles James Fox (1749–1806) British Whig statesman
Speech in the House of Commons (27 November 1781), reprinted in J. Wright (ed.), The Speeches of the Rt. Hon. C. J. Fox in the House of Commons. Volume I (1815), p. 429.
1780s
Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013) British stateswoman and politician
Debate in the House of Commons (30 October 1990) http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm198990/cmhansrd/1990-10-30/Debate-1.html <br class="br">Third term as Prime Minister
Nouriel Roubini (1958) American economist
Quoted in: Italy crisis - Live http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/world-europe-15637486, BBC.co.uk).
Nigel Farage (1964) British politician and former commodity broker
Quote by Nigel Farage on an article written by himself in the Telegraph, 6 July 2012. The time will never be right for David Cameron to hold a referendum on the EU. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/eu/9378567/The-time-will-never-be-right-for-David-Cameron-to-hold-a-referendum-on-the-EU.html <br class="br">2012
Sir Henry Hobart, 1st Baronet (1554–1625) English politician
Pits v. James (1614), Lord Hobart's Rep. 124-125
Zail Singh (1916–1994) Indian politician and former President of India
Source: K.R. Sundar Rajan Presidential Years:Zail Singh's posthumous defence of his controversial tenure http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Presidential-Years/202610, Outlook India Magazine, 4 December 1996.
Moshe Dayan (1915–1981) Israeli military leader and politician
On Israeli settlements on the Golan Heights and in Hebron, in a private conversation in 1976 with Rami Tal, as quoted in Associated Press http://www.radioislam.org/historia/zionism/dayan_regrets.html reports (11 May 1997)
Mahathir bin Mohamad (1925) Prime Minister of Malaysia
Bush and Blair, 'children killers', PressTV, 09 Oct 2007 http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=26422&sectionid=3510203,
Plutarch (46–127) ancient Greek historian and philosopher
Life of Coriolanus
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919)
Lee Kuan Yew (1923–2015) First Prime Minister of Singapore
statement that he stands corrected on how well-integrated Malay-Muslims are in Singapore (Asia One, March 08, 2011 http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20110308-267055.html) <br class="br">2010s
Morarji Desai (1896–1995) Former Indian Finance Minister, Freedom Fighters, Former prime minister
Morarji Desai speaks about life and celibacy
Judy LaMarsh (1924–1980) Canadian politician, writer, broadcaster and barrister.
Source: Memoirs Of A Bird In A Gilded Cage (1969), CHAPTER 5, The Canada Pension Plan, p. 83
Robert G. Ingersoll (1833–1899) Union United States Army officer
"The Brooklyn Divines." Brooklyn Union (Brooklyn, NY), 1883.
Harriet Harman (1950) British politician
During Prime Minister's Questions, 2 April 2008 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-AsiKI7uCog&feature=related, with Deputy Conservative Party Leader, William Hague
Amir Taheri (1942) Iranian journalist
"Myths of Mossadegh" https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/302213/myths-mossadegh/page/0/1, National Review (June 25, 2012).
Winston S. Churchill (1874–1965) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Speech to the City Carlton Club (26 September 1935), quoted in Martin Gilbert, The Churchill Documents, Volume 12: The Wilderness Years, 1929–1935 (Michigan: Hillsdale Press, 2012), p. 1268
The 1930s
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) French painter and sculptor
But I [Renoir] was very happy it wasn't too much of a flop: There is something of that admirable face in it' <br class="br">Quote of Renoir, in his letter to a friend, 15 Jan. 1882; as cited in 'Pierre Auguste Renoir - Richard Wagner', text of museum D'Orsay http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/search/commentaire/commentaire_id/richard-wagner-11042.html?no_cache=1 <br class="br">At the beginning of 1882, Renoir was travelling in the south of Italy and visited Palermo where Wagner was staying. Renoir proposed a short sitting for the following day and Wagner agreed; he had just finished his 'Parsifal'. <br class="br">1880's
Jean Chrétien (1934) 20th Prime Minister of Canada
Source: My Years As Prime Minister (2007), Chapter One, At Laurier's Desk, p. 38
Herman Cain (1945) American writer, businessman and activist
Fox News Sunday
2011-05-22
Television
Fox News
10:05
http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/fox-news-sunday/transcript/herman-cain-his-presidential-bid-sen-mitch-mcconnell-talks-foreign-policy-debt-reduction?page=3#ixzz1NCzc1xGW
2011-10-08
Laisenia Qarase (1941) Prime Minister of Fiji
Letter to Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, 20 October 2005 (excerpts)
Kenneth Minogue (1930–2013) Australian political theorist
Introduction, p. 2 ; quoted in: " Professor Kenneth Minogue http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10155678/Professor-Kenneth-Minogue.html" in telegraph.co.uk, 2 July 2013. <br class="br">The Servile Mind: How Democracy Erodes the Moral Life
David Cameron (1966) Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Speech delivered outside outside 10 Downing Street, announcing that he would resign as prime minister after British voters chose to leave the European Union in a referendum (June 24, 2016), see David Cameron's resignation speech in full http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/24/europe/david-cameron-full-resignation-speech/ (published by CNN) <br class="br">2010s, 2016
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Speech in the House of Commons (26 March 1794), reported in The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803. Vol. XXXI (London: 1818), pp. 94-95.
1790s
Will Eisner (1917–2005) American cartoonist
Source: The Plot: The Secret Story of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (10/2/2005), pp.36-39
John Dalberg-Acton, 1st Baron Acton (1834–1902) British politician and historian
The Study of History (1895)
Jahangir (1569–1627) 4th Mughal Emperor
Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) , Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, translated into English by Major David Price, Calcutta, 1906. pp. 24-25.<br><br> http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=11001040&ct=7, "Decisions Involving Urban Planning and Religious Institutions" Different translation: I made it my plea for throwing down the temple which was the scene of this imposture; and on the spot, with the very same materials, I erected the great mosque, because the very name of Islam was proscribed at Banaras, and with God’s blessing it is my design, if I live, to fill it full with true believers.
Brian Reynolds Myers (1963) American professor of international studies
It seems to revel in making pro-American, security-minded South Koreans look foolish.
2010s, "Heaven is Helping Us": More from the Nationalist Left (August 2018)
Mahendra Chaudhry (1942) Fijian politician
Opposition to the proposed Reconciliation and Unity Commission
Irving Babbitt (1865–1933) American academic and literary criticism
Source: "What I Believe" (1930), pp. 7-8
George W. Bush (1946) 43rd President of the United States
2000s, 2002, State of the Union address (January 2002)
Wang Chi-chen (1899–2001)
Source: Dream of the Red Chamber (1958), pp. 13–14
“Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer”
Frank Bainimarama (1954) Prime Minister of Fiji
Context: Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer: "I do not see the Military Commander of Fiji as a political player in all this. Let me make this very clear: it is not the job of a military commander to play politics; it is the job of the military commander to command troops and the Government is to decide where those troops get deployed, whether to Iraq or RAMSI. It is not the role of the commander to play domestic politics." (29 September 2005, on Bainimarama's opposition to the Reconciliation and Unity Bill (q. v).
Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947) Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Speech to the Empire Rally of Youth at the Royal Albert Hall (18 May 1937), quoted in Service of Our Lives (1937), pp. 166-167.
1937
Context: The torch I would hand to you, and ask you to pass from hand to hand along the pathways of the Empire, is a Christian truth rekindled anew in each ardent generation. Use men as ends and never merely as means; and live for the brotherhood of man, which implies the Fatherhood of God. The brotherhood of man to-day is often denied and derided and called foolishness, but it is, in fact, one of the foolish things of the world which God has chosen to confound the wise, and the world is confounded by it daily. We may evade it, we may deny it; but we shall find no rest for our souls, or will the world until we acknowledge it as the ultimate wisdom. That is the message I have tried to deliver as Prime Minister in a hundred speeches.
“It is of another minister I am to tell, but only to those who know that light when they see it.”
J. M. Barrie (1860–1937) Scottish writer
Source: The Little Minister (1891), Ch. 1 : The Love-Light
Context: "They didna speak, but they just gave one another a look, and I saw the love-light in their een." No more is remembered of these two, no being now living ever saw them, but the poetry that was in the soul of a battered weaver makes them human to us for ever.
It is of another minister I am to tell, but only to those who know that light when they see it. I am not bidding good-bye to many readers, for though it is true that some men, of whom Lord Rintoul was one, live to an old age without knowing love, few of us can have met them, and of women so incomplete I never heard.
“You take the way from man, not to man. All persons that ever existed are its forgotten ministers.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) American philosopher, essayist, and poet
1840s, Essays: First Series (1841), Self-Reliance
Context: You take the way from man, not to man. All persons that ever existed are its forgotten ministers. Fear and hope are alike beneath it. There is somewhat low even in hope. In the hour of vision, there is nothing that can be called gratitude, nor properly joy. The soul raised over passion beholds identity and eternal causation, perceives the self-existence of Truth and Right, and calms itself with knowing that all things go well.
William Wallace (1270–1305) Scottish landowner and leader in the Wars for Scottish Independence
Statement at his trial, rejecting the assertion he was a traitor to Edward I of England (23 August 1305), as quoted in Lives of Scottish Worthies (1831) by Patrick Fraser Tytler, p. 279
Variant: I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.
Context: I can not be a traitor, for I owe him no allegiance. He is not my Sovereign; he never received my homage; and whilst life is in this persecuted body, he never shall receive it. To the other points whereof I am accused, I freely confess them all. As Governor of my country I have been an enemy to its enemies; I have slain the English; I have mortally opposed the English King; I have stormed and taken the towns and castles which he unjustly claimed as his own. If I or my soldiers have plundered or done injury to the houses or ministers of religion, I repent me of my sin; but it is not of Edward of England I shall ask pardon.
Herman Melville book Billy Budd, Sailor
Source: Billy Budd, the Sailor (1891), Ch. 24
Context: Marvel not that having been made acquainted with the young sailor's essential innocence (an irruption of heretic thought hard to suppress) the worthy man lifted not a finger to avert the doom of such a martyr to martial discipline. So to do would not only have been as idle as invoking the desert, but would also have been an audacious transgression of the bounds of his function, one as exactly prescribed to him by military law as that of the boatswain or any other naval officer. Bluntly put, a chaplain is the minister of the Prince of Peace serving in the host of the God of War — Mars. As such, he is as incongruous as a musket would be on the altar at Christmas. Why then is he there? Because he indirectly subserves the purpose attested by the cannon; because too he lends the sanction of the religion of the meek to that which practically is the abrogation of everything but brute Force.
François-René de Chateaubriand book Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe
In Berlin, (March 1821); Book IV, Chapter 1: Berlin – Potsdam – Frederick.
Mémoires d'outre-tombe (1848 – 1850)
Najib Razak (1953) Malaysian politician
Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's move to oust Prime Minister Najib Razak, quote above read from a joint statement endorsed by heavyweights from the ruling party, opposition, and top civil society groups, quoted on Channel News Asia, "Dr Mahathir movement will be bad for country: Malaysia Foreign Affairs Minister" http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/dr-mahathir-movement-will/2575782.html, March 5, 2016. <br class="br">About
Albert Lutuli (1898–1967) South African politician
As quoted in Voices of Liberation: Albert Lutuli (1993).
Resist apartheid! (1954)
Context: The laws and policies of white South Africa are no doubt inimical to this development. And so I call upon our people in all walks of life ministers of the Gospel of Christ, who died to save human dignity, teachers, professional men, business men; farmers and workers to rally round the congress at this hour to make our voice heard. We may be voteless, but we are not necessarily voiceless; it is our determination more than ever before in the life of our congress, to have our voice not only heard but heeded too. Through gatherings like this in all centres, large and small, we mean to mobilize our people to speak with this one voice and say to white South Africa: We have no designs to elbow anyone out of South Africa, but equally we have no intention whatsoever of abandoning our divine right, of ourselves determining our destiny according to the holy and perfect plan of our Creator. Apartheid can never be such a plan.
Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing
Cassandra (1860)
Context: Jesus Christ raised women above the condition of mere slaves, mere ministers to the passions of the man, raised them by His sympathy, to be Ministers of God. He gave them moral activity. But the Age, the World, Humanity, must give them the means to exercise this moral activity, must give them intellectual cultivation, spheres of action.