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John Stuart Mill cytaty
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John Stuart Mill – angielski filozof, politolog i ekonomista. W filozofii był pierwotnie kontynuatorem tradycji utylitaryzmu. W politologii i ekonomii był teoretykiem i piewcą liberalizmu. Uważany jest za twórcę liberalizmu demokratycznego. Żonaty z Harriet Taylor Mill, z którą wspólnie napisali Poddaństwo kobiet – jedną z najważniejszych krytyk nierówności płci.



✵ 20. Maj 1806 – 8. Maj 1873   •   Natępne imiona J.S Mill, John S. Mill
John Stuart Mill Fotografia
John Stuart Mill: 198   Cytatów 4   Polubienia

John Stuart Mill słynne cytaty

„Oryginalność jest jedyną rzeczą, której użyteczności nie mogą pojąć nieoryginalne umysły.”

John Stuart Mill

Utylitaryzm. O wolności

„Ludzkość zyskuje więcej, pozwalając żyć każdemu wedle jego upodobania, niż zmuszając każdego, by żył wedle upodobania pozostałych.”

John Stuart Mill

Utylitaryzm. O wolności

„Jedyną wolnością zasługującą na to miano, jest swoboda dążenia do własnego dobra na swój własny sposób, o ile nie próbujemy pozbawiać innych wolności ani powstrzymywać ich starań o jej osiągnięcie.”

John Stuart Mill

Utylitaryzm. O wolności

„Wojna jest zła, lecz nie najgorsza. Jeszcze gorszy jest stan rozkładu i degradacji uczuć moralnych i patriotycznych, nakazujący myśleć, że nie ma rzeczy wartej wojny. Osoba, która nie ma niczego, o co mogłaby walczyć, niczego ważniejszego niż osobiste bezpieczeństwo jest pożałowania godnym stworzeniem i nie ma szans na bycie wolnym, chyba że dzięki wysiłkom ludzi lepszych niż ona sama.”

John Stuart Mill

„[Są] najpełniejszym systemem duchowego i świeckiego despotyzmu, jaki kiedykolwiek zrodził się w ludzkim umyśle, z wyjątkiem może Ignacego Loyoli.”

John Stuart Mill

o ideach Comte'a.
Źródło: Autobiografia, przeł.M. Szerer, Warszawa 1931.

„(…) samorząd, o którym mowa, nie oznacza, że każdy rządzi sobą, lecz że każdym rządzą wszyscy pozostali.”

John Stuart Mill

Utylitaryzm. O wolności

John Stuart Mill cytaty

„Czyny są dobre, jeśli przyczyniają się do szczęścia, złe, jeśli przyczyniają się do czegoś przeciwnego. Przez szczęście rozumie się przyjemność i brak cierpienia, przez nieszczęście – cierpienie i brak przyjemności.”

John Stuart Mill
O nieszczęściu , O szczęściu , O przyjemności , O cierpieniu

„Lepiej być niezadowolonym Sokratesem niż zadowolonym głupcem.”

John Stuart Mill

Źródło: Utylitaryzm (1861)

„Żaden rząd utworzony przez demokrację lub liczną arystokrację nie wzniósł się nigdy, i nawet wznieść nie mógł ponad mierność.”

John Stuart Mill

Utylitaryzm. O wolności

O demokracji

„Rząd sądzić należy (…) wedle tego, co robi z obywateli i co robi z nimi (…) i wedle dobroci lub sprawiedliwości dzieł, których dokonywa dla nich bądź z nimi.”

John Stuart Mill
O sprawiedliwości

„Istnieje olbrzymia różnica między uznawaniem opinii za prawdziwą, ponieważ nie została odparta mimo wielu sposobności do jej zwalczenia, a zakładaniem jej prawdy w celu niedopuszczenia do jej odparcia. Całkowita swoboda przeczenia i oponowania naszej opinii jest jedynym warunkiem usprawiedliwiającym przyjmowanie jej prawdziwości w celu działania; i tylko na tych warunkach istota obdarzona ludzkimi zdolnościami może być rozumowo pewna, że ma słuszność.”

John Stuart Mill

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, Poznań 1994, tłum. Jan Karłowski, Norbert Leśniewski, Andrzej Przyłębski, s. 126.

„Istnieje domniemanie prawdy poglądu podtrzymywanego przez wielu ludzi, a odrzucając go, winniśmy wskazać jakąś realną lub możliwą przyczynę jego panowania.”

John Stuart Mill
O ludziach

„Nieprzyjaciel wolności słowa mógłby powiedzieć w celu zmniejszenia siły tych uwag, że nie ma żadnej konieczności, by ludzkość znała i wiedziała wszystko, co mogą powiedzieć za lub przeciw jej opiniom filozofowie i teologowie. Że zwykłym ludziom nie jest potrzebna zdolność do wykazania nieścisłości lub błędów przemyskiego oponenta. Że wystarczy, jeśli jest ktoś zdolny do udzielenia odpowiedzi obalającej wszystko, co mogłoby wprowadzić w błąd osoby niewykształcone. Że proste umysły, które nauczyły się oczywistych zasad wpajanych w nie prawd, mogą zaufać autorytetowi co do rzeczy, a zdając sobie sprawę z tego, że nie mają dostatecznej wiedzy ani talentu do rozwiązywania każdej trudności, którą można by wysunąć, mogą zadowolić się przeświadczeniem, że wszystkie wysunięte trudności zostały już lub mogą być pokonane przez osoby szczególnie do tego uzdolnione.”

John Stuart Mill

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, Poznań 1994, tłum. Jan Karłowski, Norbert Leśniewski, Andrzej Przyłębski, s. 127.

O błędach , O zaufaniu , O wiedzę , O wolności

John Stuart Mill: Cytaty po angielsku

“A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“I have learned to seek my happiness by limiting my desires, rather than in attempting to satisfy them.”

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John Stuart Mill

Attributed to John Stuart Mill in The Phrenological Journal and Science of Health, Vol. LXXXV (September 1887), p. 170
Disputed

“I did not mean that Conservatives are generally stupid; I meant, that stupid persons are generally Conservative. I believe that to be so obvious and undeniable a fact that I hardly think any hon. Gentleman will question it.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Considerations on Representative Government

In a Parliamentary debate with the Conservative MP, John Pakington (May 31, 1866). Hansard, vol 183, col 1592. Pakington was referring to Footnote 3 to Chapter 7 of Mill's "Considerations on Representative Government".
Misquoted as "I never meant to say that the Conservatives are generally stupid. I meant to say that stupid people are generally Conservative. I believe that is so obviously and universally admitted a principle that I hardly think any gentleman will deny it." in "Life of John Stuart Mill" (1889) by W. L. Courtney, p. 147.
This seems to have become paraphrased as "Conservatives are not necessarily stupid, but most stupid people are conservatives." which was a variant published in Quotations for Our Time (1978), edited by Laurence J. Peter.

“If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty (1859), Ch. II: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion

“I will call no being good who is not what I mean when I apply that epithet to my fellow creatures; and if such a creature can sentence me to hell for not so calling him, to hell I will go.”

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John Stuart Mill

Źródło: An examination of Sir William Hamilton's philosophy, and of the principal philosophical questions discussed in his writings

“Every man who says frankly and fully what he thinks is so far doing a public service. We should be grateful to him for attacking most unsparingly our most cherished opinions.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“The only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way, so long as we do not attempt to deprive others of theirs, or impede their efforts to obtain it.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“A state which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes--will find that with small men no great thing can really be accomplished.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“Truth gains more even by the errors of one who, with due study and preparation, thinks for himself, than by the true opinions of those who only hold them because they do not suffer themselves to think.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty (1859), Ch. II: Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion

“Persons of genius, it is true, are, and are always likely to be, a small minority; but in order to have them, it is necessary to preserve the soil in which they grow. Genius can only breathe freely in an atmosphere of freedom.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty (1859), Ch. III: Of Individuality, As One of the Elements of Well-Being

“A party of order or stability, and a party of progress or reform, are both necessary elements of a healthy state of political life.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“The human faculties of perception, judgment, discriminative feeling, mental activity, and even moral preference, are exercised only in making a choice. He who does anything because it is the custom, makes no choice.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“No one can be a great thinker who does not recognize that as a thinker it is his first duty to follow his intellect to whatever conclusions it may lead.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“So long as an opinion is strongly rooted in the feelings, it gains rather than loses in stability by having a preponderating weight of argument against it.”

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John Stuart Mill The Subjection of Women

Źródło: The Subjection of Women

“Both teachers and learners go to sleep at their post as soon as there is no enemy in the field.”

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John Stuart Mill książka On Liberty

Źródło: On Liberty

“In early times, the great majority of the male sex were slaves, as well as the whole of the female. And many ages elapsed, some of them ages of high cultivation, before any thinker was bold enough to question the rightfulness, and the absolute social necessity, either of the one slavery or of the other.”

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John Stuart Mill The Subjection of Women

Źródło: The Subjection of Women (1869), Ch. 1

“I am thus one of the very few examples, in this country, of one who has, not thrown off religious belief, but never had it.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/43/mode/1up p. 43

“I conceive that the description so often given of a Benthamite, as a mere reasoning machine, though extremely inapplicable to most of those who have been designated by that title, was during two or three years of my life not altogether untrue of me.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Autobiography (1873)

“All those to whom I looked up, were of opinion that the pleasure of sympathy with human beings, and the feelings which made the good of others, and especially of mankind on a large scale, the object of existence, were the greatest and surest sources of happiness. Of the truth of this I was convinced, but to know that a feeling would make me happy if I had it, did not give me the feeling.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/138/mode/1up p. 138

“I well knew that to propose something which would be called extreme, was the true way not to impede but to facilitate a more moderate experiment.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 7: General View of the Remainder of My Life (p. 206)

“My father's moral inculcations were at all times mainly those of the "Socratici viri;" justice, temperance (to which he gave a very extended application), veracity, perseverance, readiness to encounter pain and especially labour; regard for the public good; estimation of persons according to their merits, and of things according to their intrinsic usefulness; a life of exertion in contradiction to one of self-indulgent sloth. These and other moralities he conveyed in brief sentences, uttered as occasion arose, of grave exhortation, or stern reprobation and contemp. But though direct moral teaching does much, indirect does more; and the effect my father produced on my character, did not depend solely on what he said or did with that direct object, but also, and still more, on what manner of man he was.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873)
Źródło: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/47/mode/1up p. 47

“I now saw, that a science is either deductive or experimental, according as, in the province it deals with, the effects of causes when conjoined, are or are not the sums of the effects which the same causes produce when separate. It followed that politics must be a deductive science. It thus appeared, that both Macaulay and my father were wrong; the one in assimilating the method of philosophising in politics to the purely experimental method of chemistry; while the other, though right in adopting a deductive method, had made a wrong selection of one, having taken as the type of deduction, not the appropriate process, that of the deductive branches of natural philosophy, but the inappropriate one of pure geometry, which, not being a science of causation at all, does not require or admit of any summing-up of effects.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873)
Źródło: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/160/mode/1up pp. 160-161

“I had learnt from experience that many false opinions may be exchanged for true ones, without in the least altering the habits of mind of which false opinions are made.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 7: General View of the Remainder of My Life (p. 167)

“[T]he application of algebra to geometry… far more than any of his metaphysical speculations, has immortalized the name of Descartes, and constitutes the greatest single step ever made in the progress of the exact sciences.”

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John Stuart Mill

An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy (1865) as quoted in 5th ed. (1878) p. 617. https://books.google.com/books?id=ojQNAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA617

“Society should treat all equally well who have deserved equally well of it, that is, who have deserved equally well absolutely. This is the highest abstract standard of social and distributive justice; towards which all institutions, and the efforts of all virtuous citizens, should be made in the utmost degree to converge.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Utilitarianism

Źródło: Utilitarianism (1861), Ch. 5

“Few human creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals for a promise of the fullest allowance of a beast’s pleasures; no intelligent human being would consent to be a fool, no instructed person would be an ignoramus, no person of feeling and conscience would be selfish and base, even though they should be persuaded that the fool, the dunce, or the rascal is better satisfied with his lot than they are with theirs.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Utilitarianism

Źródło: Utilitarianism (1861), Ch. 2

“What, in unenlightened societies, colour, race, religion, or in the case of a conquered country, nationality, are to some men, sex is to all women; a peremptory exclusion from almost all honourable occupations, but either such as cannot be fulfilled by others, or such as those others do not think worthy of their acceptance.”

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John Stuart Mill The Subjection of Women

Źródło: The Subjection of Women (1869), Ch. 4

“The best state for human nature is that in which, while no one is poor, no one desires to be richer, nor has any reason to fear being thrust back by the efforts of others to push themselves forward.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Principles of Political Economy

Principles of Political Economy (1848), Book IV, Chapter VI, §2

“Granted that any practice causes more pain to animals than it gives pleasure to man; is that practice moral or immoral? And if, exactly in proportion as human beings raise their heads out of the slough of selfishness, they do not with one voice answer 'immoral,' let the morality of the principle of utility be for ever condemned.”

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John Stuart Mill

Dr. Whewell on Moral Philosophy (1852), in Dissertations and Discussions: Political, Philosophical, and Historical, vol. 2, London: John W. Parker and son, 1859, p. 485 https://books.google.it/books?id=w-I3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA485

“If I have accomplished anything, I owe it, among other fortunate circumstances, to the fact that through the early training bestowed on me by my father, I started, I may fairly say, with an advantage of a quarter of a century over my contemporaries.”

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John Stuart Mill książka Autobiography

Źródło: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 1: Childhood and Early Education

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