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Platon est un philosophe antique de la Grèce classique, contemporain de la démocratie athénienne et des sophistes, qu'il critiqua vigoureusement. Il reprit le travail philosophique de certains de ses prédécesseurs, notamment Socrate dont il fut l'élève, ainsi que celui de Parménide, Héraclite et Pythagore, afin d’élaborer sa propre pensée, laquelle explore la plupart des champs importants, notamment la métaphysique et l’éthique, la philosophie de l’art et la politique. Diogène Laërce dit de lui qu'il est de six ans plus jeune que son ami Isocrate.

Il est généralement considéré comme l'un des premiers philosophes occidentaux, sinon comme l’inventeur de la philosophie, au point que Whitehead a pu dire : « la philosophie occidentale n'est qu’une suite de notes de bas de page aux dialogues de Platon ».

Son œuvre, composée presque exclusivement de dialogues, est d'une grande richesse de style et de contenu, et produit, sur de nombreux sujets, les premières formulations classiques des problèmes majeurs de l'histoire de la philosophie occidentale. Chaque dialogue de Platon est l'occasion d'interroger un sujet donné, par exemple le beau ou le courage. La pensée de Platon n'est pas monolithique ; une partie de ses dialogues aboutissent à des apories philosophiques : apportant une solution aux problèmes posés, ils ne constituent pas une réponse unique et définitive. Théophraste dit que Platon fut le premier par la renommée et le génie, tout en étant le dernier dans la chronologie. Comme il avait voué la majeure partie de son activité à la philosophie première, il se consacra aussi aux apparences et aborda l’Histoire Naturelle, dans laquelle il voulut établir deux principes : l’un subissant, comme la matière, appelé récepteur universel ; l’autre agissant, comme une cause, qu’il rattache à la puissance du dieu et du Bien.

Platon développe une réflexion sur les Idées communément appelée théorie des Formes ou théorie des Idées dans laquelle le monde sensible est considéré comme un ensemble de réalités participant de leurs modèles immuables. La Forme suprême est, selon le contexte, tantôt le Bien, tantôt le Beau. La philosophie politique de Platon considère que la Cité juste doit être construite selon le modèle du Bien en soi.

✵ 7. mai 427 av. J.-C. – 347 av. J.-C.
Platon photo
Platon: 96   citations 3   J'aime

Platon citations célèbres

“De l’espèce d’âme qui a la plus haute autorité en nous, voici l’idée qu’il faut s’en faire : c’est que Dieu nous l’a donnée comme un génie, et c’est le principe que nous avons dit logé au sommet de notre corps, et qui nous élève de la terre vers notre parenté céleste, car nous sommes une plante du ciel, non de la terre, nous pouvons l’affirmer en toute vérité. Car Dieu a suspendu notre tête et notre racine à l’endroit où l’âme fut primitivement engendrée et a ainsi dressé tout notre corps vers le ciel. Or, quand un homme s’est livré tout entier à ses passions ou à ses ambitions et applique tous ses efforts à les satisfaire, toutes ses pensées deviennent nécessairement mortelles, et rien ne lui fait défaut pour devenir entièrement mortel, autant que cela est possible, puisque c’est à cela qu’il s’est exercé.
Mais lorsqu’un homme s’est donné tout entier à l’amour de la science et à la vraie sagesse et que, parmi ses facultés, il a surtout exercé celle de penser à des choses immortelles et divines, s’il parvient à atteindre la vérité, il est certain que, dans la mesure où il est donné à la nature humaine de participer à l’immortalité, il ne lui manque rien pour y parvenir; et, comme il soigne toujours la partie divine et maintient en bon état le génie qui habite en lui, il doit être supérieurement heureux.”

Platon livre Timée

Timaeus

“Socrate : Mais voici l'heure de nous en aller, moi pour mourir, vous pour vivre. Qui de nous a le meilleur partage, nul ne le sait, excepté le dieu.”

Platon livre Apologie de Socrate

Apologie de Socrate

“Socrate : [I]l n'y a pas de mal possible pour l'homme de bien, ni pendant sa vie, ni après sa mort, […].”

Platon livre Apologie de Socrate

Apologie de Socrate

“Une vie sans examen ne vaut pas la peine d'être vécue.”

Platon livre Apologie de Socrate

Apologie de Socrate

“Le contraire de cette injustice serait donc la justice, qui consisterait pour chaque classe — celle de l'homme d'affaire, celle du militaire auxiliaire, celle du gardien — à exercer ses propres activités dans la cité; c'est cela qui rendrait la cité juste. […] Une cité semblait précisément être juste quand les trois groupes naturels présents en elle exerçaient chacun sa tâche propre, et elle nous semblait modérée, ou encore courageuse et sage, en raison d'affections et de dispositions particulières de ces mêmes groupes.”

Platon La République

La République

“Les amants, en effet, regrettent le bien qu’ils
ont fait, une fois que leur désir est éteint. Ceux qui n’ont pas d’amour, au contraire, n’ont
jamais occasion seyante au repentir, car ce n’est point par contrainte, mais librement, comme
s’ils s’occupaient excellemment des biens de leurs demeures, qu’ils font, dans la mesure de
leurs moyens, du bien à leurs amis. Les amants considèrent en outre, et les dommages que
leur amour fit à leurs intérêts et les largesses qu’ils ont dû consentir; puis, en y ajoutant la
peine qu’ils ont eue, ils pensent depuis longtemps avoir déjà payé à leurs aimés le juste prix
des faveurs obtenues. Par contre, ceux qui ne sont pas épris ne peuvent, ni prétexter les
affaires négligées par amour, ni mettre en ligne de compte les souffrances passées, ni alléguer
les différends familiaux qu’ils ont eus. Exempts de tous ces maux, il ne leur reste plus qu’à
s’empresser de mettre en acte tout ce qu’ils croient devoir leur donner du plaisir.”

Platon livre Phèdre

Phaedrus

Citations sur les hommes et les garçons de Platon

“Il faut, répondis-je, d'après ce dont nous sommes convenus, que, le plus souvent possible, ce soit l'élite des hommes qui ait commerce avec l'élite des femmes, et, au contraire, le rebut avec le rebut; que les rejetons des premiers soient élevés, non ceux des seconds, si l'on veut que le troupeau garde sa qualité éminente.”

Platon La République

La République

“[A]ucun homme libre ne doit s'engager dans l'apprentissage de quelque connaissance que ce soit comme un esclave.”

Platon La République

La République

“Si l'on arrive pas, ou bien à ce que les philosophes règnent dans les cités, ou bien à ce que ceux qui à présent sont nommés rois et hommes puissants philosophent de manière authentique et satisfaisante, et que coïncident l'un avec l'autre pouvoir politique et philosophie; et à ce que les nombreuses natures de ceux qui à présent se dirigent séparément vers l'une ou l'autre carrière en soient empêchées par la contrainte, il n'y aura pas de cesse aux maux des cités, ni non plus il me semble, du genre humain.”

Platon La République

La République

Platon Citations

“Et, par conséquent, en ce sens encore, la possession, autant que l'accomplissement de ce qui nous est propre et qui est nôtre, on s'accorderait à dire que c'est justice.”

Platon La République

La République

justice , Sens

“Socrate : Il y a, selon moi, naissance de société du fait que chacun de nous, loin de se suffire à lui-même, a au contraire besoin d'un grand nombre de gens.”

Platon La République

La République

naissance , Loin

“porque si teme, es esclavo.”

Platon

Obras de Platón

“L’ÉTRANGER. Il me semble que je distingue une grande et terrible espèce d’ignorance, capable de balancer à elle seule toutes les autres. THÉÉTÈTE. Laquelle? L’ÉTRANGER. D’imaginer qu’on sait ce qu’on ne sait pas; car c’est peut-être de là que viennent toutes les erreurs dans lesquelles tombe notre esprit. THÉÉTÈTE. Cela est vrai. L’ÉTRANGER. C’est proprement ce qu’on appelle sottise.”

Platon

Platon: Oeuvres complètes - Les 43 titres

“SOCRATE.
Et par penser entends-tu la même chose que moi ?
THÉÉTÈTE.
Qu'entends-tu par là?
SOCRATE.
Un discours que l'âme s'adresse à elle-même sur les objets qu'elle considère. Prends-moi pour un homme qui ne sait pas très bien ce dont il parle ; c'est peut-être une illusion, mais il me paraît que l'âme, quand elle pense, ne fait autre chose que s'entretenir avec elle-même, interrogeant et répondant, affirmant et niant : et que quand elle se décide, que cette décision se fasse plus ou moins promptement, quand elle sort du doute et qu'elle prononce, c'est cela que nous appelons juger.”

Platon

Platon: Oeuvres complètes - Les 43 titres

Platon: Citations en anglais

“And when the father who begat it perceived the created image of the eternal gods, that it had motion and life, he rejoiced and was well pleased; and he bethought him to make it yet more nearly like its pattern. Now whereas that is a living being eternally existent, even so he essayed to make this All the like to the best of his power. Now so it was that the nature of the ideal was eternal. But to bestow this attribute altogether upon a created thing was impossible; so he bethought him to make a moving image of eternity, and while he was ordering the universe he made of eternity that abides in unity an eternal image moving according to number, even that which we have named time. For whereas days and nights and months and years were not before the universe was created, he then devised the generation of them along with the fashioning of the universe. Now all these are portions of time, and was and shall be are forms of time that have come to be, although we wrongly ascribe them unawares to the eternal essence. For we say that it was and is and shall be, but in verity is alone belongs to it: and was and shall be it is meet should be applied only to Becoming which moves in time; for these are motions. But that which is ever changeless without motion must not become elder or younger in time, neither must it have become so in past nor be so in the future; nor has it to do with any attributes that Becoming attaches to the moving objects of sense: these have come into being as forms of time, which is the image of eternity and revolves according to number. Moreover we say that the become is the become, and the becoming is the becoming, and that which shall become is that which shall become, and not-being is not-being. In all this we speak incorrectly. But concerning these things the present were perchance not the right season to inquire particularly.”

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Plato livre Timée

38b, as quoted by R. D. Archer-Hind, The Timaeus of Plato (1888)
Timaeus

“Time then has come into being along with the universe, that being generated together, together they may be dissolved, should a dissolution of them ever come to pass; and it was made after the pattern of the eternal nature, that it might be as like to it as was possible. For the pattern is existent for all eternity; but the copy has been and is and shall be throughout all time continually. So then this was the plan and intent of God for the generation of time; the sun and the moon and five other stars which have the name of planets have been created for defining and preserving the numbers of time. …and a month is fulfilled when the moon, after completing her own orbit, overtakes the sun; a year, when the sun has completed his own course. But the courses of the others men have not taken into account, save a few out of many… they do not know that time arises from the wanderings of these, which are incalculable in multitude and marvellously intricate. None the less however can we observe that the perfect number of time fulfils the perfect year at the moment when the relative swiftnesses of all the eight revolutions accomplish their course together and reach their starting-point, being measured by the circle of the same and uniformly moving. In this way then and for these causes were created all such of the stars as wander through the heavens and turn about therein, in order that this universe may be most like to the perfect and ideal animal by its assimilation to the eternal being.”

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Plato livre Timée

38d–40a, as quoted by R. D. Archer-Hind, The Timaeus of Plato https://books.google.com/books?id=q2YMAAAAIAAJ (1888)
Timaeus

“[Aristotle] was the most eminent of all the pupils of Plato…. He seceded from Plato while he was still alive; so that they tell a story that [Plato] said, "Aristotle has kicked us off, just as chickens do their mother after they have been hatched."”

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Plato

’’The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers’’, Book V, "Life of Aristotle" http://classicpersuasion.org/pw/diogenes/dlaristotle.htm paragraphs II and IV, as translated by C. D. Yonge
In Diogenes Laërtius

“Necessity is the mother of invention.”

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Plato La République

Commonly misattributed due to Benjamin Jowett's popular idiomatic translation (1871) of Plato's Republic, Book II, 369c as "The true creator is necessity, who is the mother of our invention." Jowett's translation is noted for injecting flowery, if not florid, language familiar to his Victorian era audience. (See "Note on the Translation", by Elizabeth Watson Scharffenberger, ed., in Republic (2005), Spark Educational Publishing, ISBN 1593080972, p. liii http://books.google.com/books?id=9FLdTCiaI_MC&pg=PR53.) Jowett himself, in Plato's Republic: The Greek Text, Vol. III "Notes", 1894, p. 82, gives a literal translation of Plato as "our need will be the real creator," without the proverbial flourish. The Greek text is: ποιήσει δὲ αὐτήν, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἡ ἡμετέρα χρεία. Perseus.tufts.edu http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0167%3Abook%3D2%3Asection%3D369c
Misattributed

“As you hope to prove your own great value to the state, and having proved it, to attain at once to absolute power, so do I indulge a hope that I shall be the supreme power over you, if I am able to prove my own great value to you.”

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Plato

Socrates speaking to Alcibiades
Alcibiades I

“Meno: I feel, somehow, that I like what you are saying.
Socrates: And I, Meno, like what I am saying. Some things I have said of which I am not altogether confident. But that we shall be better and braver and less helpless if we think that we ought to enquire, than we should have been if we indulged in the idle fancy that there was no knowing and no use in seeking to know what we do not know; — that is a theme upon which I am ready to fight, in word and deed, to the utmost of my power.”

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Plato livre Meno

Meno

“But if with your mind's eye you regard the absolute great and these many great things in the same way, will not another great appear beyond, by which all these must appear to be great?”

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Plato livre Parmenides

132a
Parmenides

“It is impossible to conceive of many without one.”

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Plato livre Parmenides

166b
Parmenides

“Wonder is the feeling of a philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder.”

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Plato livre Theaetetus

155, The Dialogues of Plato, Volume 3, 1871, p. 377 http://books.google.com/books?id=4kQNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA377
Theaetetus

“And the true order of going, or being led by another, to the things of love, is to begin from the beauties of earth and mount upwards for the sake of that other beauty, using these steps only, and from one going on to two, and from two to all fair forms to fair practices, and from fair practices to fair notions, until from fair notions he arrives at the notion of absolute beauty, and at last knows what the essence of beauty is.”

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Plato

211
The Symposium

“Atheism is a disease of the soul, before it becomes an error of the understanding.”

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Plato

Misattributed to Plato in Laws by Conservapedia http://www.conservapedia.com/Atheism_Quotes. Actual source: William Fleming, as quoted in Prose Quotations from Socrates to Macaulay by Samuel Austin Allibone, 1816–1889. http://www.bartleby.com/349/authors/74.html
Misattributed

“It would be better for me … that multitudes of men should disagree with me rather than that I, being one, should be out of harmony with myself.”

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Plato

Words spoken by Socrates, 482c
Gorgias

“I shall argue that to seem to speak well of the gods to men is far easier than to speak well of men to men: for the inexperience and utter ignorance of his hearers about any subject is a great assistance to him who has to speak of it, and we know how ignorant we are concerning the gods.”

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Plato

107b
Critias

“You want to know whether I can make a long speech, such as you are in the habit of hearing; but that is not my way.”

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Plato

Socrates speaking to Alcibiades
Alcibiades I

“After much effort, as names, definitions, sights, and other data of sense, are brought into contact and friction one with another, in the course of scrutiny and kindly testing by men who proceed by question and answer without ill will, with a sudden flash there shines forth understanding about every problem, and an intelligence whose efforts reach the furthest limits of human powers.”

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Plato

Online http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/seventh_letter.html
The 7th Epistle

“Just as things in a picture, when viewed from a distance, appear to be all in one and the same condition and alike.”

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Plato livre Parmenides

165c
Parmenides

“The inexperienced in wisdom and virtue, ever occupied with feasting and such, are carried downward, and there, as is fitting, they wander their whole life long, neither ever looking upward to the truth above them nor rising toward it, nor tasting pure and lasting pleasures. Like cattle, always looking downward with their heads bent toward the ground and the banquet tables, they feed, fatten, and fornicate. In order to increase their possessions they kick and butt with horns and hoofs of steel and kill each other, insatiable as they are.”

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Plato La République

586a–b
The Republic

“Music is a moral law. It gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, a charm to sadness, gaiety and life to everything. It is the essence of order, and leads to all that is good, just, and beautiful, of which it is the invisible, but nevertheless dazzling, passionate, and eternal form.”

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Plato

This quotation is not known to exist in Plato's writings. It apparently first appeared as a quotation attributed to Plato in The Pleasures of Life, Part II by Sir John Lubbock (Macmillan and Company, London and New York), published in 1889.
Misattributed

“There is no one who ever acts honestly in the administration of states, nor any helper who will save any one who maintains the cause of the just.”

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Plato La République

496d
The Republic

“We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.”

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Plato

This quotation, often attributed on the Internet to Plato, cannot be found in any of Plato's writings, nor can it be found in any published work anywhere until recent years. If it really were a quotation by Plato, then some author in the recorded literature of the last several centuries would have mentioned that quote, but they did not. The sentiment isn't new, however. The ancient Roman Seneca, in his work on "Morals," quoted an earlier Roman writer, Lucretius (who wrote about the year 50 B.C.), as saying "we are as much afraid in the light as children in the dark." (Seneca was paraphrasing a longer passage by Lucretius from De Rerum Natura (On the Nature of Things), Book II, lines 56 et seq.)
Misattributed

“Ignorance, the root and stem of all evil.”

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Plato

Attributed to Plato on quotes sites but never sourced.
Disputed

“Successful people never worry about what others are doing.”

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Plato

Alleged source in Plato unknown. Earliest occurrence to have been located is a Tweet from 2011 https://twitter.com/ochocinco/status/93332058864238592.
Disputed

“No one should be discouraged, Theaetetus, who can make constant progress, even though it be slow.”

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Plato livre Sophist

Original Greek, from Sophist 261b http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0172%3Atext%3DSoph.%3Asection%3D261b: θαρρεῖν, ὦ Θεαίτητε, χρὴ τὸν καὶ σμικρόν τι δυνάμενον εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν ἀεὶ προϊέναι.
Also quoted in variant forms such as: Never discourage anyone who continually makes progress, no matter how slow
Sophist

“[L]et us assign the figures that have come into being in our theory to fire and earth and water and air. To earth let us give the cubical form; for earth is least mobile of the four and most plastic of bodies: and that substance must possess this nature in the highest degree which has its bases most stable. Now of the triangles which we assumed as our starting-point that with equal sides is more stable than that with unequal; and of the surfaces composed of the two triangles the equilateral quadrangle necessarily is more stable than the equilateral triangle… Now among all these that which has the fewest bases must naturally in all respects be the most cutting and keen of all, and also the most nimble, seeing it is composed of the smallest number of similar parts… Let it be determined then… that the solid body which has taken the form of the pyramid [tetrahedron] is the element and seed of fire; and the second in order of generation let [octahedron] us say to be that of air, and the third [icosahedron] that of water. Now all these bodies we must conceive as being so small that each single body in the several kinds cannot for its smallness be seen by us at all; but when many are heaped together, their united mass is seen…”

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Plato livre Timée

Section 55e–56c, Tr. R. D. Archer-Hind, The Timaeus of Plato (1888) pp. 199-201. https://books.google.com/books?id=q2YMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA199
Timaeus

“Now in this island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which had rule over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the continent and, furthermore, the men of Atlantis had subjected the parts of Libya within the columns of Heracles as far as Egypt, and of Europe as far as Tyrrhenia. This vast power, gathered into one, endeavored to subdue at a blow our country and yours and the whole of the region within the straits, and then, Solon, your country shone forth, in the excellence of her virtue and strength, among all mankind.”

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Plato livre Timée

Section 25b–c
Timaeus

“When earth meets with fire and is dissolved by the keenness of it, it would drift about, whether it were dissolved in fire itself, or in some mass of air or water, until the parts of it meeting and again being united became earth once more; for it never could pass into any other kind. But when water is divided by fire or by air, it may be formed again and become one particle of fire and two of air: and the divisions of air may become for every particle broken up two particles of fire. And again when fire is caught in air or in waters or in earth, a little in a great bulk, moving amid a rushing body, and contending with it is vanquished and broken up, two particles of fire combine into one figure of air: and when air is vanquished and broken small, from two whole and one half particle one whole figure of water will be composed. Let us also reckon it once again thus: when any of the other kinds is intercepted in fire and is divided by it through the sharpness of its angles and its sides, if it forms into the shape of fire, it at once ceases from being divided…”

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Plato livre Timée

Section 57a, Tr. R. D. Archer-Hind, The Timaeus of Plato (1888) pp. 203-205. https://books.google.com/books?id=q2YMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA203
Timaeus

“Since those who rule in the city do so because they own a lot, I suppose they're unwilling to enact laws to prevent young people who've had no discipline from spending and wasting their wealth, so that by making loans to them, secured by the young people's property, and then calling those loans in, they themselves become even richer and more honored.”

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Plato La République

555c, G. Grube and C. Reeve, trans., Plato: Complete Works (1997), p. 1166
The Republic

“Beholding beauty with the eye of the mind, he will be enabled to bring forth, not images of beauty, but realities (for he has hold not of an image but of a reality), and bringing forth and nourishing true virtue to become the friend of God and be immortal, if mortal man may.”

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Plato

212
The Symposium

“The very rich are not good.”

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Plato Laws

Book 5, 743c
Laws

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