Noam Chomsky citations
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Noam Chomsky [ˈnəʊm ˈtʃɒmski] , né le 7 décembre 1928 à Philadelphie, est un linguiste américain. Professeur émérite de linguistique au Massachusetts Institute of Technology de 1955 à 2017, il fonde la linguistique générative. Il s'est fait connaître du grand public, à la fois dans son pays et à l'étranger, par son parcours d'intellectuel engagé de tendance socialiste libertaire et anarchiste,.

Chomsky commence à développer sa théorie de la grammaire générative et transformationnelle dans les années 1950 en cherchant à dépasser aussi bien l'approche structuraliste, distributionnaliste que comportementaliste dans l'étude du langage naturel. Visant à rendre compte des structures innées de la « faculté de langage », cette théorie est souvent décrite comme la contribution la plus importante dans le domaine de la linguistique théorique du XXe siècle et on a parfois parlé de « révolution chomskienne ». Pour répondre aux critiques développées dans les années 1970 envers son premier modèle, Chomsky a proposé au début des années 1980 une nouvelle version de sa théorie fondée sur une approche modulaire. Il a ensuite jeté les bases, au cours des années 1990, de ce qu'il a appelé le « programme minimaliste ».

Les recherches de Chomsky ont joué un rôle crucial dans ce que l'on appelle la « révolution cognitive ». Sa critique du Verbal Behavior de Burrhus Frederic Skinner en 1959 a remis en question l'approche comportementale de l'étude de l'esprit et du langage, qui dominait dans les années 1950. Son approche naturaliste de l'étude du langage a également rencontré un grand écho en philosophie du langage et de l'esprit. Il a également établi la hiérarchie de Chomsky, moyen de classification des langages formels en fonction de leur pouvoir de génération.

En parallèle à sa carrière scientifique, Chomsky mène une intense activité militante depuis le milieu des années 1960 lorsqu'il prend publiquement position contre la guerre du Viêt Nam. Sympathisant du mouvement anarcho-syndicaliste et membre du syndicat IWW, il donne une multitude de conférences un peu partout dans le monde et publie de nombreux livres et articles dans lesquels il fait part de ses analyses historiques, sociales et politiques. Ses critiques portent tout particulièrement sur la politique étrangère des États-Unis et le fonctionnement des médias de masse.

En 1992, d'après l'Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Chomsky est plus souvent cité qu'aucun autre universitaire vivant pendant la période 1980–92. Il occupe la huitième position dans la liste des auteurs les plus cités,,,. Il est considéré comme une figure intellectuelle majeure du monde contemporain, à la fois controversée et admirée,,. Wikipedia  

✵ 7. décembre 1928   •   Autres noms Avram Noam Chomsky, Ноам Чомский, Ноам Хомский
Noam Chomsky photo
Noam Chomsky: 371   citations 2   J'aime

Noam Chomsky citations célèbres

Noam Chomsky Citations

“Tout gouvernement a besoin d'effrayer sa population et une façon de faire est d'envelopper son fonctionnement de mystère.”

Comprendre le pouvoir. L'indispensable de Chomsky, 2006, Premier mouvement

“La propagande est à la démocratie ce que la matraque est à l'État totalitaire.”

Propaganda is to democracy what the bludgeon is to a totalitarian state.
en
Media Control, 1997

“Le monde ne récompense pas l'honnêteté et l'indépendance, il récompense l'obéissance et la servilité.”

Comprendre le pouvoir. L'indispensable de Chomsky, 2006, Deuxième mouvement

“Pour les puissants, les seuls crimes sont ceux que les autres commettent.”

La Doctrine des bonnes intentions, 2006

“Être un intellectuel n'a virtuellement rien à voir avec le fait de travailler avec son cerveau, ce sont des choses différentes.”

Comprendre le pouvoir. L'indispensable de Chomsky, 2006, Premier mouvement

Noam Chomsky: Citations en anglais

“There's a good reason why nobody studies history. It just teaches you too much.”

KGNU benefit at the University of Colorado at Boulder, April 5, 2003 (context: João Goulart) http://www.freespeech.org/fsitv/fscm2/contentviewer.php?content_id=299
Quotes 2000s, 2003

“Personally I'm very much opposed to Hamas' policies in almost every respect. However, we should recognize that the policies of Hamas are more forthcoming and more conducive to a peaceful settlement than those of the United States or Israel. … So, for example, Hamas has called for a long-term indefinite truce on the international border. There is a long-standing international consensus that goes back over thirty years that there should be a two-state political settlement on the international border, the pre-June 1967 border, with minor and mutual modifications. That's the official phrase. Hamas is willing to accept that as a long-term truce. The United States and Israel are unwilling even to consider it… The demand on Hamas by the United States and the European Union and Israel […] is first that they recognize the State of Israel. Actually, that they recognize its right to exist. Well, Israel and the U. S. certainly don't recognize the right of Palestine to exist, nor recognize any state of Palestine. In fact, they have been acting consistently to undermine any such possibility. The second condition is that Hamas must renounce violence. Israel and the United States certainly do not renounce violence. The third condition is that Hamas accept international agreements. The United States and Israel reject international agreements. So, though the policies of Hamas are, again in my view, unacceptable, they happen to be closer to the international consensus on a political peaceful settlement than those of their antagonists, and it's a reflection of the power of the imperial states - the United States and Europe - that they are able to shift the framework, so that the problem appears to be Hamas' policies, and not the more extreme policies of the United States and Israel… And we must remember that in their case it's not just policies. It's not words - it's actions.”

Interview on LBC TV, May 23, 2006 http://www.memritv.org/Transcript.asp?P1=1152
Quotes 2000s, 2006

“Cuba has probably been the target of more international terrorism than the rest of the world combined and, therefore, in the American ideological system it is regarded as the source of international terrorism, exactly as Orwell would have predicted.”

Talk titled "American Foreign Policy" at Harvard University, March 19, 1985; Republished at chomsky.info/talks http://www.chomsky.info/talks/19850319.htm, accessed May 23, 2014.
Quotes 1960s-1980s, 1980s

“Stability means we run it. There are countries that are very stable. Cuba is stable, but that’s not called stability.”

Interview by Hugh Gusterson, November 2000 https://web.archive.org/web/20051210055017/http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/2002----.pdf.
Quotes 2000s, 2000

“We might add now that we do have an authoritative account of why the United States bombed Serbia in 1999. It comes from Strobe Talbott, now the director of the Brookings Institution, but in 1999 he was in charge of the State Department-Pentagon team that supervised the diplomacy in the affair. He wrote the introduction to a recent book by his Director of Communications, John Norris, which presents the position of the Clinton administration at the time of the bombing. Norris writes that "it was Yugoslavia's resistance to the broader trends of political and economic reform - not the plight of Kosovar Albanians - that best explains NATO's war". In brief, they were resisting absorption into the U. S. dominated international socioeconomic system. Talbott adds that thanks to John Norris, anyone interested in the war in Kosovo "will know … how events looked and felt at the time to those of us who were involved" in the war, actually directing it. This authoritative explanation will come as no surprise at all to students of international affairs who are more interested in fact than rhetoric. And it will also come as no surprise, to those familiar with intellectual life, that the attack continues to be hailed as a grand achievement of humanitarian intervention, despite massive Western documentation to the contrary, and now an explicit denial at the highest level; which will change nothing, it's not the way intellectual life works.”

Talk at the Englert Theatre in Iowa, April 10, 2006 http://www.greenteaphd.com/greenteablog/?p=252
Quotes 2000s, 2006

“I don't say you're self-censoring - I'm sure you believe everything you're saying; but what I'm saying is, if you believed something different, you wouldn't be sitting where you're sitting.”

Interview by Andrew Marr on BBC2, February 14, 1996 https://web.archive.org/web/19990930034218/http://www.zmag.org/chomsky/interviews/9602-big-idea.html.
Quotes 1990s, 1995-1999

“It is only in folk tales, children's stories, and the journals of intellectual opinion that power is used wisely and well to destroy evil. The real world teaches very different lessons, and it takes willful and dedicated ignorance to fail to perceive them.”

Talk titled "The World After September 11th", AFSC Conference at Tufts University, Massachusetts, December 8, 2001 https://web.archive.org/web/20011230091612/http://www.zmag.org/chomskyafter911.htm.
Quotes 2000s, 2001

“Intrinsic (psychological) structure is rich... and diverse.”

Source: Quotes 1960s-1980s, 1980s, Rules and Representations (1980), p. 3 as cited in: Jerry Fodor (1983).

“In certain intellectual circles in France, the very basis for discussion—a minimal respect for facts and logic—has been virtually abandoned.”

Noam Chomsky interviewed by an anonymous interviewer, October 26, 1981; Published in: " The Treachery of the Intelligentsia: A French Travesty http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/19811026.htm " in C. P. Otero (ed.), Language and Politics, Black Rose, 1988, pp. 312-323.
Quotes 1960s-1980s, 1980s

“Incidentally, I don't say it [the US electoral system] is a charade; there are differences in the parties—I don’t think they're great differences, but they're real, and small differences in a system of great power can have enormous consequences.”

Noam Chomsky, Al Jazeera ‘UpFront’ interview with host Mehdi Hasan concerning the 2016 US Presidential Election, (Jan 30, 2016) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=btJfkPBLULg
Quotes 2010s, 2016

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