Francis Crick cytaty (19 cytatów) | Cytaty sławnych ludzi

Francis Crick: 19 cytatów0 Polubień

Francis Crick słynne cytaty

„Znajomość prawdziwego wieku Ziemi i skamieniałości uniemożliwia jakiemukolwiek zrównoważonemu intelektowi wiarę w dosłowną prawdziwość wszystkich części Biblii, wiarę, jaką wyznają fundamentaliści religijni. A jeżeli część Biblii jest w oczywisty sposób błędna, dlaczego reszta miałaby być automatycznie uznana za prawdziwą?… Cóż może być głupszego, niż opierać cały swój pogląd na życie na ideach, które, jakkolwiek swego czasu zdawały się wiarygodne, dziś okazują się całkowicie błędne.”

Francis Crick

Religia

„Gdyby dana sekwencja aminokwasów miała się wyłonić przez przypadek jak rzadkie byłoby takie zdarzenie? To jest łatwe zadanie z prawdopodobieństwa. Wyobraźmy sobie łańcuch składający się z około dwustu aminokwasów; to jest, jeśli już, raczej mniej niż przeciętna długość protein wszelkiego typu. Jako że w każdym z tych dwustu miejsc mamy zaledwie dwadzieścia różnych możliwości liczba wszystkich możliwości wynosi dwadzieścia pomnożone przez siebie jakieś 200 razy. W zapisie konwencjonalnym przedstawiamy to jako 20200 co jest w przybliżeniu równe 10260.(…) Zdecydowana większość sekwencji [aminokwasów] w ogóle nigdy nie mogła powstać na drodze syntezy, w jakimkolwiek czasie.(…) Za każdym razem, gdy piszę referat na temat pochodzenia życia postanawiam sobie, iż nigdy nie napiszę następnego, gdyż jest tam zbyt wiele spekulacji ścigającej zbyt mało faktów.”

Francis Crick

Powstanie życia
Źródło: Francis Crick, „Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature” (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1981), str. 51, 52, 88, 153

„Pamiętajmy, że na świecie jest wiele religii. Nie można ich wrzucać do jednego worka, gdyż nie wszystkie zakładają wiarę w niematerialną i nieśmiertelną duszę. Niektóre – na przykład buddyzm – mogą okazać się bliższe koncepcjom współczesnej nauki.”

Francis Crick

Religia

Francis Crick: Cytaty po angielsku

“The job of theorists, especially in biology, is to suggest new experiments. A good theory makes not only predictions, but surprising predictions that then turn out to be true. (If its predictions appear obvious to experimentalists, why would they need a theory?) ”

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Francis Crick

p, 125
What Mad Pursuit (1988)

“Big questions get big answers.”

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Francis Crick

Life Story (1987, BBC)

“Before I describe in more detail exactly what is involved in seeing, let me make three general remarks.”

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Francis Crick

The Astonishing Hypothesis (1994)

“I wasn't aware of Chargaff's rules when he said them, but the effect on me was quite electric because I realized immediately that if you had this sort of scheme that John Griffith was proposing, of adenine being paired with thymine, and guanine being paired with cytosine, then you should get Chargaff's rules. I was very excited, but I didn't actually tell Chargaff because it was something I was doing with John Griffith…. This was very exciting, and we thought "ah ha!" and we realized - I mean what anyone who is familiar with the history of science ought to realize - that when you have one-to-one ratios, it means things go to together. And how on Earth no one pointed out this simple fact in those years, I don't know.”

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Francis Crick

The DNA Story (1973, film, VSM Productions)

“An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going. But this should not be taken to imply that there are good reasons to believe that it could not have started on the earth by a perfectly reasonable sequence of fairly ordinary chemical reactions. The plain fact is that the time available was too long, the many microenvironments on the earth's surface too diverse, the various chemical possibilities too numerous and our own knowledge and imagination too feeble to allow us to be able to unravel exactly how it might or might not have happened such a long time ago, especially as we have no experimental evidence from that era to check our ideas against.”

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Francis Crick

New York NY: Simon & Schuster, 1981, p. 88.
Life Itself: Its Origin and Nature (1981)

“And so to those of you who may be vitalists I would make this prophecy: what everyone believed yesterday, and you believe today, only cranks will believe tomorrow.”

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Francis Crick

Of Molecules and Men (1966)

“Philosophers have been especially concerned with the problem of consciousness—for example, how to explain the redness of red or the painfulness of pain. This is a very thorny issue. The problem springs from the fact that the redness of red that I perceive so vividly cannot be precisely communicated to another human being, at least in the ordinary course of events. If you cannot describe the properties of a thing unambiguously, you are likely to have some difficulty trying to explain these properties in reductionist terms.”

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Francis Crick

The Astonishing Hypothesis (1994)

“What is found in biology is mechanisms, mechanisms built with chemical components and that are often modified by other, later, mechanisms added to the earlier ones. While Occam's razor is a useful tool in the physical sciences, it can be a very dangerous implement in biology. It is thus very rash to use simplicity and elegance as a guide in biological research. While DNA could be claimed to be both simple and elegant, it must be remembered that DNA almost certainly originated fairly close to the origin of life when things were necessarily simple or they would not have got going.
Biologists must constantly keep in mind that what they see was not designed, but rather evolved. It might be thought, therefore, that evolutionary arguments would play a large part in guiding biological research, but this is far from the case. It is difficult enough to study what is happening now. To figure out exactly what happened in evolution is even more difficult. Thus evolutionary achievements can be used as hints to suggest possible lines of research, but it is highly dangerous to trust them too much. It is all too easy to make mistaken inferences unless the process involved is already very well understood.”

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Francis Crick

What Mad Pursuit (1988)

“Our brains have evolved mainly to deal with our body and its interactions with the world it senses to be around us. Is this world real? This is a venerable philosophical issue and I do not wish to be embroiled in the finely honed squabbles to which it has led. I merely state my own working hypothesis: that there is indeed an outside world, and that it is largely independent of our observing it. We can never fully know this outside world, but we can obtain approximate information about some aspects of its properties by using our senses and our brain.”

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Francis Crick

The Astonishing Hypothesis (1994)

“Both of us had decided, quite independently of each other, that the central problem in molecular biology was the chemical structure of the gene.”

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Francis Crick

What Mad Pursuit (1988)

“The ultimate aim of the modern movement in biology is in fact to explain all biology in terms of physics and chemistry.”

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Francis Crick

Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1966, p. 10.
Of Molecules and Men (1966)

“My own prejudices are exactly the opposite of the functionalists’: “If you want to understand function, study structure,” I was supposed to have said in my molecular biology days. (I believe I was sailing at the time.) I think that one should approach these problems at all levels, as was done in molecular biology. Classical genetics is, after all, a black-box subject. The important thing was to combine it with biochemistry. In nature hybrid species are usually sterile, but in science the reverse is often true. Hybrid subjects are often astonishingly fertile, whereas if a scientific discipline remains too pure it usually wilts.”

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Francis Crick

What Mad Pursuit (1988)

“If for example I had some idea, which as it turned out would be quite wrong, was going off of the tangent, Watson would tell me in no uncertain terms this was nonsense, and vice-versa. If he would have some idea I didn't like, and I would say so, this would shake his thinking about, and draw him back again. And in fact it is one of the requirements for collaborations of this sort, is you must be perfectly candid, one might almost say rude, to the person you're working with. It's useless working with somebody who is either much too junior than yourself or much too senior because then politeness creeps in. And this is the end of all real collaboration in science”

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Francis Crick

giggles
The Prizewinners (11 December 1962, BBC)

“I argued that it was important not to place too much reliance on any single piece of experimental evidence. It might turn out to be misleading, as the 5.1 Å reflection undoubtedly was. Jim was a little more brash, stating that no good model ever accounted for all the facts, since some data was bound to be misleading if not plain wrong. A theory that did fit all the data would have been "carpentered" to do so and would thus be open to suspicion.”

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Francis Crick

Źródło: What Mad Pursuit (1988), pp. 59-60

“Rather than believe that Watson and Crick made the DNA structure, I would rather stress that the structure made Watson and Crick.”

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Francis Crick

What Mad Pursuit (1988)

“The job of theorists, especially in biology, is to suggest new experiments. A good theory makes not only predictions, but surprising predictions that then turn out to be true.”

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Francis Crick

If its predictions appear obvious to experimentalists, why would they need a theory?
What Mad Pursuit (1988)

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