Ludwig Wittgenstein citations
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Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein est un philosophe et mathématicien autrichien, puis britannique, qui apporta des contributions décisives en logique, dans la théorie des fondements des mathématiques et en philosophie du langage.

Ludwig Wittgenstein ne publia de son vivant qu’une œuvre majeure : le Tractatus logico-philosophicus, dont une première version parut en 1921 à Vienne. Dans cette œuvre influencée à la fois par la lecture de Schopenhauer et de Kierkegaard, et par Frege, Moore et Russell, Wittgenstein montre les limites du langage et de la faculté de connaître de l’homme. Le Tractatus a donné lieu à de nombreuses interprétations, parfois difficilement conciliables. Alors que la signification mystique de ce texte est pour Wittgenstein éthique et esthétique, la plupart des lectures ont mis en avant son intérêt en logique et en philosophie du langage. C’est l’une des pièces majeures de la philosophie de Wittgenstein, il est inspiré par un logicisme anti-psychologiste, une position qu’il abandonna par la suite. Récemment, des études qui lui sont consacrées ont commencé à considérer l’aspect mystique de l’œuvre comme central. Wittgenstein pensa alors avoir apporté une solution à tous les problèmes philosophiques auxquels il était envisageable de répondre ; il quitta l'Angleterre et se détourna de la philosophie jusqu'en 1929. À cette date, il revint à Cambridge sous l’insistance de Bertrand Russell et George Moore, et critiqua les principes de son premier traité. Il développa alors une nouvelle méthode philosophique et proposa une nouvelle manière d’appréhender le langage, développée dans sa seconde grande œuvre, Investigations philosophiques, publiée, comme nombre de ses travaux, après sa mort. Cette autocritique sévère est rare dans l’histoire de la philosophie, voire quasi inexistante, faisant de Wittgenstein, au même titre que Platon, un exemple de remise en question de sa propre pensée.

Son œuvre a eu – et conserve – une influence majeure sur le courant de la philosophie analytique et plus récemment en anthropologie et ethnométhodologie. Dans un premier temps, le Tractatus a influencé son ancien professeur Bertrand Russell, mais surtout les néopositivistes du Cercle de Vienne, même si Wittgenstein considérait que ceux-ci commettaient de graves contresens sur la signification de sa pensée. Les deux « époques » de sa pensée ont profondément marqué nombre de ses élèves et d'autres philosophes. Parmi les « wittgensteiniens », on compte Friedrich Waismann, Gilbert Ryle, Rush Rhees, Norman Malcolm, Peter Geach et Elizabeth Anscombe. Plus récemment, son influence est sensible chez Stanley Cavell, Jürgen Habermas, D.Z. Phillips, Ian Hacking, Saul Kripke, Alasdair MacIntyre, Hilary Putnam, ou encore James Conant, ainsi qu’en France chez Gilles Gaston Granger, Jacques Bouveresse, Vincent Descombes, Jean-Pierre Cometti, Christiane Chauviré, Sandra Laugier, Jocelyn Benoist, Jean-Claude Passeron ou Bernard Aspe. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. avril 1889 – 29. avril 1951   •   Autres noms Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein
Ludwig Wittgenstein photo
Ludwig Wittgenstein: 256   citations 1   J'aime

Ludwig Wittgenstein citations célèbres

“[…] il importe peu que les questions restent sans réponse.”

Lettres, rencontres, souvenirs

Ludwig Wittgenstein Citations

“L’image peut remplacer une description.”

Carnets 1914-1916

“Le langage n'est pas issu d'un raisonnement.”

De la certitude

“et lui substituer la vérité.”

Remarques sur

Ludwig Wittgenstein: Citations en anglais

“If I cannot say a priori what elementary propositions there are, then the attempt to do so must lead to obvious nonsense.”

5.5571
Original German: Wenn ich die Elementarsätze nicht a priori angeben kann, dann muss es zu offenbarem Unsinn führen, sie angeben zu wollen.
1920s, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922)

“The world is my world: this is manifest in the fact that the limits of language (of that language which alone I understand) mean the limits of my world.”

1920s, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922)
Contexte: This remark provides the key to the problem, how much truth there is in solipsism. For what the solipsist means is quite correct; only it cannot be said, but makes itself manifest. The world is my world: this is manifest in the fact that the limits of language (of that language which alone I understand) mean the limits of my world. (5.62)

“What has to be overcome is not difficulty of the intellect but of the will.”

Source: 1930s-1951, Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951 (1993), Ch. 9 : Philosophy (chapters 86–93 of the so called Big Typescript), p. 161
Corresponding to TS 213, Kapitel 86
Contexte: What makes a subject difficult to understand — if it is significant, important — is not that some special instruction about abstruse things is necessary to understand it. Rather it is the contrast between the understanding of the subject and what most people want to see. Because of this the very things that are most obvious can become the most difficult to understand. What has to be overcome is not difficulty of the intellect but of the will. [Nicht eine Schwierigkeit des Verstandes, sondern des Willens ist zu überwinden. ]

“All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre De la certitude

On Certainty (1969)
Contexte: 105. All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system. And this system is not a more or less arbitrary and doubtful point of departure for all our arguments; no it belongs to the essence of what we call an argument. The system is not so much the point of departure, as the element in which our arguments have their life.

“One would like to say: This is what took place here; laugh, if you can.”

Source: 1930s-1951, Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951 (1993), Ch. 7 : Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough, p. 123
Contexte: A religious symbol does not rest on any opinion. And error belongs only with opinion. One would like to say: This is what took place here; laugh, if you can.

“The world is the totality of facts, not things.”

1.1
Original German: Die Welt ist die Gesamtheit der Tatsachen, nicht der Dinge
1920s, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922)

“A hero looks death in the face, real death, not just the image of death.”

Source: Culture and Value (1980), p. 50e
Contexte: A hero looks death in the face, real death, not just the image of death. Behaving honourably in a crisis doesn't mean being able to act the part of a hero well, as in the theatre, it means being able to look death itself in the eye.
For an actor may play lots of different roles, but at the end of it all he himself, the human being, is the one who has to die.

“The system is not so much the point of departure, as the element in which our arguments have their life.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre De la certitude

On Certainty (1969)
Contexte: 105. All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system. And this system is not a more or less arbitrary and doubtful point of departure for all our arguments; no it belongs to the essence of what we call an argument. The system is not so much the point of departure, as the element in which our arguments have their life.

“Man has to awaken to wonder — and so perhaps do peoples.”

Source: Culture and Value (1980), p. 5e
Contexte: Man has to awaken to wonder — and so perhaps do peoples. Science is a way of sending him to sleep again.

“The arrow points only in the application that a living being makes of it.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre Philosophical Investigations

§ 454
Philosophical Investigations (1953)
Contexte: "Everything is already there in...." How does it come about that [an] arrow points? Doesn't it seem to carry in it something besides itself? — "No, not the dead line on paper; only the psychical thing, the meaning, can do that." — That is both true and false. The arrow points only in the application that a living being makes of it.

“Frazer is much more savage than most of his savages, for they are not as far removed from the understanding of spiritual matter as a twentieth-century Englishman.”

Source: 1930s-1951, Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951 (1993), Ch. 7 : Remarks on Frazer's Golden Bough, p. 131
Contexte: Frazer is much more savage than most of his savages, for they are not as far removed from the understanding of spiritual matter as a twentieth-century Englishman. His explanations of primitive practices are much cruder than the meaning of these practices themselves.

“What stands fast does so, not because it is intrinsically obvious or convincing; it is rather held fast by what lies around it.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre De la certitude

On Certainty (1969)
Contexte: 144. The child learns to believe a host of things. I. e. it learns to act according to these beliefs. Bit by bit there forms a system of what is believed, and in that system some things stand unshakeably fast and some are more or less liable to shift. What stands fast does so, not because it is intrinsically obvious or convincing; it is rather held fast by what lies around it.

“To pray is to think about the meaning of life.”

Journal entry (11 June 1916), p. 72e and 73e
1910s, Notebooks 1914-1916
Contexte: What do I know about God and the purpose of life?
I know that this world exists.
That I am placed in it like my eye in its visual field.
That something about it is problematic, which we call its meaning.
This meaning does not lie in it but outside of it.
That life is the world.
That my will penetrates the world.
That my will is good or evil.
Therefore that good and evil are somehow connected with the meaning of the world.
The meaning of life, i. e. the meaning of the world, we can call God.
And connect with this the comparison of God to a father.
To pray is to think about the meaning of life.

“Translated: Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

7
Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen.
Also: About what one can not speak, one must remain silent. (7)
Source: 1920s, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1922)

“I am my world.”

The microcosm.
5.63
Original German: Ich bin meine welt (Der Mikrokosmos.)
1910s, Notebooks 1914-1916
Variante: Man is the microcosm:
I am my world.

“If people did not sometimes do silly things, nothing intelligent would ever get done.”

Variante: If people never did silly things nothing intelligent would ever get done.
Source: Culture and Value (1980), p. 50e

“The problems are solved, not by giving new information, but by arranging what we have known since long.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre Philosophical Investigations

Source: Philosophical Investigations

“Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of our language.”

Ludwig Wittgenstein livre Philosophical Investigations

Die Philosophie ist ein Kampf gegen die Verhexung unsres Verstandes durch die Mittel unserer Sprache.
§ 109
Source: Philosophical Investigations (1953)

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