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Baruch Spinoza cytaty
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Benedykt Spinoza – filozof niderlandzki zaliczany do grona największych myślicieli żydowskich. Ostatni średniowieczny filozof żydowski i zarazem pierwszy nowożytny.

✵ 24. Listopad 1632 – 21. Luty 1677   •   Natępne imiona Baruch de Spinoza
Baruch Spinoza Fotografia
Baruch Spinoza: 238   Cytatów 0   Polubień

Baruch Spinoza słynne cytaty

„Bóg, czyli wszechistota składająca się z nieskończonej liczby przymiotów, z których każda wyraża treść wieczną i nieskończoną, istnieje koniecznie.”

Baruch Spinoza książka Etyka

Etyka
Źródło: I, 11

„(…) wyrazy „dobro” i „zło” mają znaczenie tylko względne, a więc jedną i tę samą rzecz można nazwać dobrą lub złą zależnie od tego, pod jakim względem jest wzięta.”

Baruch Spinoza

O poprawie umysłu

„Jestestwo wieczne i nieskończone, które nazywamy Bogiem, czyli Naturą, działa z tą samą koniecznością, z jaką istnieje.”

Baruch Spinoza książka Etyka

Etyka
Źródło: IV, Wstęp

„To wszystko, co życie zazwyczaj nastręcza, a co ludzie, jak można sądzić z ich czynów, poczytują za dobro najwyższe, daje się sprowadzić do trzech rzeczy, a mianowicie: bogactwa, zaszczytów i rozkoszy zmysłowej.”

Baruch Spinoza

O poprawie umysłu

„Miłość nie jest czym innym, jak radowaniem się.”

Baruch Spinoza

Baruch Spinoza Cytaty o naturze

„Wszystko (…), co służyć może za środek ku temu celowi, zowie się dobrem prawdziwym, dobrem najwyższym zaś jest dopięcie tego, aby napawać się ową naturą, jeśli się to stać może, wspólnie z innemi ludźmi.”

Baruch Spinoza

O poprawie umysłu

„Oto jest cel, do którego zmierzam: pozyskanie takiej właśnie natury oraz staranie się o to, aby wielu ludzi razem ze mną ją posiadło. To znaczy, że do mego własnego szczęścia należy też dbanie o to, aby wielu innych ludzi zrozumiało to, co ja, i aby ich rozumienie i pożądanie pozostawały w zupełnej zgodności z moim rozumieniem i pożądaniem.”

Baruch Spinoza

O poprawie umysłu

„(…) wiedza o jedności łącząca umysł z całą Naturą.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, op. cit., s. 49.

„(…) wszystko, co zachodzi, dzieje się według wiecznego porządku i stałych praw Natury.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, op. cit., s. 48.

Baruch Spinoza cytaty

„Wolność to świadoma konieczność.”

Baruch Spinoza
O wolności

„Im lepiej rozumiesz siebie i swoje emocje, tym bardziej zaczynasz kochać to, co jest.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Byron Katie, Stephen Mitchell, Kochaj, co masz! Cztery pytania, które zmienią twoje życie, G+J Gruner + Jahr Polska, Warszawa 2010, tłum. Anna Boniszewska.

O życiu , Kochać się

„Przyjemność może być nadmierna i zła, przykrość zaś o tyle może być dobra, o ile przyjemność, czyli radość, jest zła.”

Baruch Spinoza
O przyjemności , Radość

„Starałem się jedynie, aby ludzkich postępków nie wyśmiewać, nie opłakiwać i nie potępiać, lecz je zrozumieć.”

Baruch Spinoza

Wariant: Starałem się jedynie, aby ludzkich postępków nie wyśmiewać, nie opłakiwać i nie potępiać, lecz je zrozumieć.

„(…) dobrze było mi wiadomo, jakie korzyści zdobywa się przez zaszczyty i bogactwo, ale również i to, że musiałbym wstrzymać się od pożądania ich, gdybym miał ubiegać się poważnie o rzecz nową, a zupełnie inną. Jasne było dla mnie, że gdyby szczęście najwyższe miało na tych właśnie rzeczach polegać, to musiałbym go być pozbawiony, gdyby zaś nie miało na nich polegać, a jednak za niemi tylko bym się ubiegał, to tak samo nie dostąpiłbym szczęścia najwyższego.”

Baruch Spinoza

O poprawie umysłu

O szczęściu , O bogactwie

„Każde określenie jest negacją.”

Baruch Spinoza

„Cokolwiek jest, jest w Bogu i nic bez Boga nie może być, ani dać się pojąć.”

Baruch Spinoza książka Etyka

Etyka
Źródło: I, 15

O Bogu

„(…) liczne są przykłady ludzi, którzy dla swych bogactw ponosili prześladowania, dochodzące aż do śmierci, tudzież takich, którzy dla zdobycia skarbów narażali się na niebezpieczeństwa, aż w końcu życiem przypłacili swą głupotę.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, Poznań 1994, tłum. Jan Karłowski, Norbert Leśniewski, Andrzej Przyłębski, s. 49.

O śmierci , O ludziach , O głupocie , O bogactwie

„Ludzka wolność ludzi polega zaledwie na tym, że człowiek zna swoje pragnienia, nie zna natomiast przyczyn, które je wywołują.”

Baruch Spinoza
O ludziach , O wolności

„Im więcej posiadamy radości, tym doskonalsi jesteśmy.”

Baruch Spinoza

„(…) nic nie jest dobre lub złe samo w sobie.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Richard H. Popkin, Avrum Stroll, Filozofia, op. cit., s. 50.

„Nienawiść, którą całkowicie pokonała miłość, zamienia się w miłość, a jest ona tym większa, niż gdyby nie poprzedzała jej nienawiść.”

Baruch Spinoza
O miłości , O nienawiści

„Gdy chodzi o sprawy ludzkie, nie śmiać się, nie płakać, nie oburzać się, lecz rozumieć.”

Baruch Spinoza

Źródło: Traktat polityczny, rozdział I

O płaczu

Baruch Spinoza: Cytaty po angielsku

“The ordinary surroundings of life which are esteemed by men (as their actions testify) to be the highest good, may be classed under the three heads — Riches, Fame, and the Pleasures of Sense: with these three the mind is so absorbed that it has little power to reflect on any different good.”

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Baruch Spinoza

I, 3
Variant translation: The things which … are esteemed as the greatest good of all … can be reduced to these three headings, to wit : Riches, Fame, and Pleasure. With these three the mind is so engrossed that it cannot scarcely think of any other good.
On the Improvement of the Understanding (1662)

“This I know, that between finite and infinite there is no comparison; so that the difference between God and the greatest and most excellent created thing is no less than the difference between God and the least created thing.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Letter to Hugo Boxel (October 1674) The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza (1891) Tr. R. H. M. Elwes, Vol. 2, Letter 58 (54).

“A God-intoxicated man.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Novalis, as quoted in Novalis (1829) by Thomas Carlyle: "Spinoza is a God-intoxicated man (Gott-trunkenet Mensch)."

“And then, a little Jew, with a long nose and a pale complexion, Poor but satisfied, pensive and reserved, A subtle but hollow spirit, less read than celebrated, Hidden under the mantle of Descartes, his mentor, Walking with measured steps, comes close to the great being: Excuse me, he says, addressing him in a whisper, But I think, just between us, that you do not exist at all.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Voltaire's poem, as quoted in António Damásio's Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2003)
S - Z

“Spinoza in particular belongs to the immortal authors. He is great because of the sublime simplicity of his thoughts and his way of writing, great because of his distance from all scholasticism, and, on the other hand, from all false embellishment or ostentation of language.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, On the History of Modern Philosophy (1833) [Translated from the German by Andrew Bowie]
S - Z

“It is unquestionably the peacefulness and calm of the Spinozist system which particularly produces the idea of its depth, and which, with hidden but irresistible charm, has attracted so many minds. The Spinozist system will also always remain in a certain sense a model. A system of freedom — but with just as great contours, with the same simplicity, as a perfect counter-image (Gegenbild) of the Spinozist system — this would really be the highest system. This is why Spinozism, despite the many attacks on it, and the many supposed refutations, has never really become something truly past, never been really overcome up to now, and no one can hope to progress to the true and the complete in philosophy who has not at least once in his life lost himself in the abyss of Spinozism. Nobody who wishes to arrive at his own firm conviction should leave unread the main work of Spinoza, his Ethics (for he presented his system under this title), and I should like to urge everyone who is seriously concerned with his education not only to study assiduously on his own, which no teacher can replace, but to be most conscientious and careful in the choice of what he reads.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, On the History of Modern Philosophy (1833) [Translated from the German by Andrew Bowie]
S - Z

“Even in the case of philosophers who give systematic form to their work, Spinoza for instance, the true inner structure of the system is quite unlike the form in which it was consciously presented by him.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Karl Marx, in his letter to Ferdinand Lassalle, 31 May 1858 [original in German]
M - R

“It is to the highest credit of the philosophy of the time that it did not let itself be led astray by the restricted state of contemporary natural knowledge, and that — from Spinoza down to the great French materialists — it insisted on explaining the world from the world itself and left the justification in detail to the natural science of the future.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Friedrich Engels, in his The Dialectics of Nature
A - F

“In America we are such rowdies in church and state and the very boys are so soon ripe, that I think no philosophical skepticism will make much sensation. Spinoza pronounced that there was but one substance; yea, verily, but that boy yonder told me yesterday he thought the pinelog was God, and that God was in the jakes. What can Spinoza tell the boy?”

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Baruch Spinoza

Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his journal entry
A - F

“Can any one doubt that if the noblest saint among the Buddhists, the best Mahometan, the highest Stoic of Athens, the purest and wisest Christian, — Buddha and Menu in India, Confucius in China, Spinoza in Holland, could somewhere meet and converse, — they would all find themselves of one religion, — would find themselves denounced by their own sects, and sustained by these believed adversaries of their sects.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his lecture entitled “Essential Principles of Religion,”
A - F

“Is Spinoza baroque? No, but if we find, through this line of thinking, a spurious and worn-out figure that rejects the crisis, that repeats the utopia in its ingenuous Renaissance form, what we have found is merely Spinozism. When classical idealism takes up Spinoza, in effect it only takes up (or invents?) Spinozism, a Renaissance philosophy of the bourgeois revolution of the capitalist market!”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics (1991)

“In Spinoza, at the origin of the Modern world, metaphysical theory and the theory of science are given in complete agreement for the first time. They represent the alternative to the entire subsequent path of metaphysics and of the bourgeois theory of science. Spinoza lives as an alternative: Today this alternative is real. The Spinozian analytic of full space and open time are becoming an ethics of liberation in all the dimensions that this discourse constructs and makes available.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics (1991)

“And therefore we can see just how constructive this Spinozian difference is, just how constructive this negativity really is! The organic interweaving of these two motifs is fundamental in the history of European philosophy. Spinoza is the first to mold this logical mechanism that bourgeois philosophy would constantly and continually try to abrogate during its subsequent development. In Kantianism, as in classical idealism, Spinoza continually remains the object of opposition and polemic: What is destroyed is precisely the intersection between the negation of the ideology and the construction of the world, the inherence of the limit, of the materiality, to the infinite.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics (1991)

“Spinoza accomplishes the synthesis of traditional philosophical components by means of breaking and shattering. It is useless to pursue the presuppositions of Spinozian philosophy if we do not look for them in the qualitative leap determined by his philosophy. The continuity of Spinozian thought with respect to the preceding course of the history of metaphysics consists of a radical discontinuity, one that exalts the utopia of consciousness and freedom (a patrimony of Western thought) in a project of liberation. The perspective of the world is not a utopia, the immanentism is not aesthetic, and the liberation is no longer artisanal, but all of this is presupposed, it is taken as a basis.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics (1991)

“Some have spoken of a liberal Spinoza, and others, of a democratic Spinoza. By the same standard one could also speak of an artistocratic Spinoza or a monarchical Spinoza — and it has been done. Perhaps also an anarchic Spinoza? No one has ever said that.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, The Savage Anomaly: The Power of Spinoza's Metaphysics and Politics (1991)

“However, his contemporary, Leibnitz, the father of the German enlightenment, who created an optimistic world-picture, always remained only a philosopher for philosophers. Even Immanuel Kant, although always famous, was never popular. In his own fatherland he was all but forgotten for most of the nineteenth century until revived by Hermann Cohen and his school. Spinoza, however, was never exhumed because he was never buried. Kant, because of his exclusive intellectuality, has influenced only his students, while Spinoza, because of his emotional appeal, has ruled even those who have never heard his name.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, Spinoza and Buddha: Visions of a Dead God (1933)

“It may be observed, however, that Spinoza was not the first prominent monist and pantheist in modern Europe. A generation before him Bruno conveyed a similar message to humanity. Yet Bruno is merely a beautiful episode in the history of the human mind, while Spinoza is one of its most potent forces. Bruno was a rhapsodist and a poet, who was overwhelmed with artistic emotions; Spinoza, however, was spiritus purus and in his method the prototype of the philosopher.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, Spinoza and Buddha: Visions of a Dead God (1933)

“Baruch Spinoza, the excommunicated Jew, made the Jewish cultural position in the West not only tenable, but impregnable. But the same Baruch Spinoza was actually responsible for the cultural anti-Semitism of modern Europe. He shaped the strong anti-Jewish attitude of his greatest admirers, followers, and adepts Herder, Goethe, Hegel, and Fichte. They were outspoken Jew-haters. They admired Spinoza, but with their master hated his race and its world-picture.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Selected works, Spinoza and Buddha: Visions of a Dead God (1933)

“Nothing is less Greek than the conceptual web-spinning of a hermit—amor intellectualis dei—after the fashion of Spinoza.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Friedrich Nietzsche, Twilights of Idols (1888), "Skirmishes of an Untimely Man", 23.
M - R

“When I speak of Plato, Pascal, Spinoza and Goethe, I know that their blood flows in mine—I am proud, when I tell the truth about them—the family is good enough not to have to poeticize or to conceal; and thus I stand to everything that has been, I am proud of the humanity, and especially proud of unconditional truthfulness.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Friedrich Nietzsche, quoted in Walter Kaufmann, Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist (1950)
M - R

“Spinoza, too, whom I was reading under Royce himself, filled me with joy and enthusiasm: I gathered at once from him a doctrine which has remained axiomatic with me ever since, namely that good and evil are relative to the natures of animals, irreversible in that relation, but indifferent to the march of cosmic events, since the force of the universe infinitely exceeds the force of any of its parts.”

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Baruch Spinoza

George Santayana, in his A General Confession (from The Essential Santayana: Selected Writings)
S - Z, George Santayana

“When you say Spinoza, however, besides being too flattering, the comparison is not biographically so true. My Spinozism is in the Life of Reason, less obviously, perhaps, yet more dominantly, than in Realms of Being.”

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Baruch Spinoza

These, as you know, are not at all like Spinoza's attributes. They are not aspects or forms of the same reality, absolutely parallel and coextensive. My realms are layers: more as in Plotinus; and my moral or “spiritual” philosophy is again less Spinozistic than in the humanistic period. Spinoza's moral sentiments were plebeian, Dutch, and Jewish: perfectly happy in his corner, polishing his lenses, and saying, Great is Allah. No art, no high politics, no sympathy with greatness, no understanding of courage or of despair.
George Santayana, in his letter to Daniel MacGhie Cory, 25 January 1937
S - Z, George Santayana

“I believe there is another reason also why Spinoza seems to me so pre-eminent: that in spite of being traditional, or because he was not distracted by side issues, he was an entire and majestic mind, a singularly consecrated soul. All these trite dogmas and problems lived in him and were the natural channels for his intuitions and emotions. That is what I feel to make a real philosopher and not, what we are condemned to be, professors of the philosophy of other people, or of our own opinions.”

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Baruch Spinoza

George Santayana, in his letter to Harry Austryn Wolfson, 16 June 1934
S - Z, George Santayana

“My philosophy is normal human orthodox philosophy, such as has come down from the Indians through the Greeks, to Spinoza. It is simply not Protestant philosophy. The problems of Protestant philosophy do not exist for me: I regard them as products of a confusion of thought, of a heresy. Catholic philosophy differs from the normal only in that it accepts sacred history as well as natural history as the true account of the facts: but when the facts are agreed upon, one way or another, philosophy has no real difficulty in discovering what to say. It has said everything essential already. To invent a philosophy would be not to have understood.”

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Baruch Spinoza

George Santayana, in his letter to John Boynton Priestley, 15 September 1924
S - Z, George Santayana

“I can always say to myself that my atheism, like that of Spinoza, is true piety towards the universe and denies only gods fashioned by men in their own image, to be servants of their human interests; and that even in this denial I am no rude iconoclast, but full of secret sympathy with the impulses of idolaters.”

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Baruch Spinoza

George Santayana, in "On My Friendly Critics", in Soliloquies in England (1922)
S - Z, George Santayana

“I proposed not to bore you with any more of my metaphysics or ethics, but I will say a word by way of conclusion. If you want any more, go to Spinoza and Schopenhauer, where I get mine.”

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Baruch Spinoza

George Santayana, in a letter to Henry Ward Abbot, December 1886. As quoted in A Philosophical Novelist: George Santayana and The Last Puritan, edited by H. T. Kirby-Smith (Southern Illinois University Press, 1997)
S - Z, George Santayana

“As a student, in an hour when he was needing the help of sages, he followed Renan; Spinoza freed his mind in matters of religion; from afar came the brotherly greeting of Tolstoi.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Stefan Zweig, in his book Romain Rolland: The Man and His Work. Translated from the original manuscript by Eden and Cedar Paul. (New York: Thomas Seltzer, 1921)
S - Z

“But how to write about a man who lived such a contemplative life marked by so few striking external events? He was extraordinarily private, and he kept his own person invisible in his writing. I had none of the material that ordinarily lends itself to narrative—no family dramas, no love affairs, jealousies, curious anecdotes, feuds, spats, or reunions. He had a large correspondence, but after his death his colleagues followed his instructions and removed almost all personal comments from his letters. No, not much external drama in his life: most scholars regard Spinoza as a placid and gentle soul—some compare his life to that of Christian saints, some even to Jesus.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Irvin D. Yalom, in his novel The Spinoza Problem, prologue. (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
S - Z

“I also believe that Spinoza, like Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, on whose lives and philosophy I have based two earlier novels, wrote much that is highly relevant to my field of psychiatry and psychotherapy—for example, that ideas, thoughts, and feelings are caused by previous experiences, that passions may be studied dispassionately, that understanding leads to transcendence—and I wished to celebrate his contributions through a novel of ideas.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Irvin D. Yalom, in his novel The Spinoza Problem, prologue. (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
S - Z

“Monist is, in fact, every philosophy that is not an eclectic patchwork. Therefore, I gladly admit to you that I myself consider my positions even more monist than yours, because I try to give my monism a broader extension, following as far as possible the example of the greatest of all monists: Spinoza.”

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Baruch Spinoza

Wilhelm Wundt, in a letter to Ernst Haeckel, September 1899 [original in German]. As quoted in Saulo de Freitas Araujo, Wundt and the Philosophical Foundations of Psychology: A Reappraisal (Springer, 2015)
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