Vincent Willem van Gogh – holenderski malarz postimpresjonistyczny, którego twórczość dzięki żywej kolorystyce i emocjonalnemu oddziaływaniu wywarła dalekosiężny wpływ na sztukę XX w. Artysta w ciągu swego życia cierpiał na napady lękowe i narastające ataki spowodowane zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Zmarł w wieku 37 lat jako twórca nieznany szerszemu ogółowi, w wyniku postrzału z broni palnej – prawdopodobnie samobójczego.
Mało doceniany za życia, van Gogh zyskał sławę po śmierci. Dziś jest powszechnie uważany za jednego z największych malarzy w historii, artystę, którego twórczość stanowi istotne źródło sztuki współczesnej. Van Gogh zaczął malować na kilka lat przed ukończeniem 30. roku życia, a swe najbardziej znane dzieła stworzył w ciągu 2 ostatnich lat. Jest autorem ponad 2000 dzieł, w tym: 870 obrazów, 150 akwarel i ponad 1000 rysunków i 133 szkiców listowych. Dziś jego liczne autoportrety, pejzaże, portrety i słoneczniki należą do najbardziej rozpoznawalnych i najdroższych dzieł sztuki na świecie.
Lata wczesnej młodości van Gogh spędził, pracując w Goupil & Cie, firmie handlującej dziełami sztuki, i podróżując między Hagą, Londynem a Paryżem. Po powrocie do Anglii otrzymał posadę nauczyciela. Jego wczesnym pragnieniem zawodowym było zostanie pastorem. Od 1879 pracował jako misjonarz w górniczym zagłębiu w Belgii. W tym czasie rozpoczął sporządzanie szkiców ludzi z lokalnej społeczności. W 1885 namalował swoje pierwsze wielkie dzieło: Jedzący kartofle. Jego paleta w tamtym czasie składała się przeważnie z mrocznych, ziemistych odcieni i nie wykazywała ani odrobiny żywej kolorystyki, która charakteryzowała jego późniejsze prace. W marcu 1886 van Gogh przeniósł się do Paryża i odkrył francuskich impresjonistów. Później wyjechał na południe Francji i poddał się czarowi silnego światła słonecznego, które tam znalazł. Jego prace stały się jaśniejsze kolorystycznie, a on sam wypracował swój jedyny i bardzo rozpoznawalny styl, który w pełni rozwinął się podczas jego pobytu w Arles w 1888.
Rozmiar wpływu, jaki choroba umysłowa van Gogha wywarła na jego twórczość, stał się przedmiotem spekulacji po jego śmierci. Pomimo szeroko rozpowszechnionej tendencji do romantyzowania złego stanu jego zdrowia, współcześni krytycy widzą w nim artystę głęboko sfrustrowanego bezczynnością i chaosem myślowym wywołanym atakami choroby. Według krytyka sztuki Roberta Hughesa późne prace van Gogha ukazują go jako artystę w pełni zdolności twórczych i całkowicie panującego nad sobą.
Wikipedia
„Niedola będzie trwała wiecznie.”
ostatnie słowa przed śmiercią, wypowiedziane do brata.
Źródło: Collin Wilson, Outsider-artysta (van Gogh), „Życie Literackie” nr 9, 2 marca 1958, s. 10 http://mbc.malopolska.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=14903.
„Jeśli chodzi o moją pracę, naraziłem dla niej życie, a rozum mój załamał się.”
Źródło: Collin Wilson, Outsider-artysta (van Gogh), „Życie Literackie” nr 9, 2 marca 1958, s. 10 http://mbc.malopolska.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=14903.
Quote in his letter to brother Theo, from Arles, Autumn 1888; as quoted in Vincent van Gogh, edited by Alfred H. Barr; Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1935 https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_1996_300061887.pdf, (letter 544), p. 37
1880s, 1888
“I see completely different things in the Bible than Pa sees”
1880s, 1881
Kontekst: Whenever I tell Pa anything, it's all just idle talk to him, and certainly no less so to Ma, and I also find Pa and Ma’s sermons and ideas about God, people, morality, virtue, almost complete nonsense. I also read the Bible sometimes, just as I sometimes read Michelet or Balzac or Eliot, but I see completely different things in the Bible than Pa sees, and I can't agree at all with what Pa makes of it in his petty, academic way.
“Gauguin interests me very much as a man - very much.”
In a letter to Émile Bernard, from Arles, ca. 2 November 1888, http://webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/18/B19a.htm
1880s, 1888
Kontekst: Gauguin interests me very much as a man - very much. For a long time now it has seemed to me that in our nasty profession of painting we are most sorely in need of men with the hands and the stomachs of workmen. More natural tastes - more loving and more charitable temperaments - than the decadent dandies of the Parisian boulevards have. Well, here we are without the slightest doubt in the presence of a virgin creature with savage instincts. With Gauguin blood and sex prevail over ambition.
In his letter to Theo, The Hague, 11 March 1883, http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/12/274.htm?qp=art.material,as translated by Johanna van Gogh-Bonger, edited by Robert Harrison, in The Complete Letters of Vincent van Gogh (1991)
1880s, 1883
Kontekst: It constantly remains a source of disappointment to me that my drawings are not yet what I want them to be. The difficulties are indeed numerous and great, and cannot be overcome at once. To make progress is a kind of miner’s work; it doesn’t advance as quickly as one would like, and as others also expect, but as one stands before such a task, the basic necessities are patience and faithfulness. In fact, I do not think much about the difficulties, because if one thought of them too much one would get stunned or disturbed.
A weaver who has to direct and to interweave a great many little threads has no time to philosophize about it, but rather he is so absorbed in his work that he doesn’t think but acts, and he feels how things must go more than he can explain it. Even though neither you nor I, in talking together, would come to any definite plans, etc., perhaps we might mutually strengthen that feeling that something is ripening within us. And that is what I should like.
In his letter to Theo, from Cuesmes, 24 September 1880 - original manuscript of letter no. 158 - at Van Gogh Museum, location Amsterdam - inv. no. b156 V/1962, http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let158/letter.html
Van Gogh's copies (drawings) he made after the work of Rousseau have been lost
1880s, 1880
Kontekst: First and foremost, the masterly etching, 'The bush', by Daubigny/Ruisdael. [ Daubigny's etching 'The bush', he made after Jacob van Ruisdael ].... I plan to do two drawings, either in sepia or something else, one of them after this etching [by Daubigny] — the other [etching, made] after T. Rousseau's 'The oven in Les Landes'. This latter sepia is already done — it's true — but if you compare it with Daubigny's etching, you'll understand that it becomes weak, even though the sepia drawing considered on its own may very well have a certain tone and sentiment. I have to go back to it and work on it again.... I couldn't tell you how happy I feel to have taken up drawing again. It had already been on my mind for a long time, but I always saw the thing as impossible and beyond my reach.
1880s, 1880, Letter to Theo (Cuesmes, July 1880)
Kontekst: People are often unable to do anything, imprisoned as they are in I don't know what kind of terrible, terrible, oh such terrible cage.
I do know that there is a release, the belated release. A justly or unjustly ruined reputation, poverty, disastrous circumstances, misfortune, they all turn you into a prisoner. You cannot always tell what keeps you confined, what immures you, what seems to bury you, and yet you can feel those elusive bars, railings, walls. Is all this illusion, imagination? I don't think so. And then one asks: My God! will it be for long, will it be for ever, will it be for eternity?
“To suffer without complaint is the only lesson we have to learn in this life”
Źródło: The Letters of Vincent van Gogh
Wariant: There may be a great fire in our soul, yet no one ever comes to warm himself at it, and the passers-by see only a wisp of smoke.
Letter #158 to Theo (24 September 1880) http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let158/letter.html <!-- This letter has slightly different translations everywhere, but this seems to be the more often quoted translation -->
Variant translation http://www.webexhibits.org/vangogh/letter/8/136.htm: "I felt my energy revive and I said to myself, I shall get over it somehow, I shall set to work again with my pencil, which I had cast aside in my deep dejection, and I shall draw again, and from that moment I have had the feeling that everything has changed for me"
1880s, 1880
Kontekst: I felt my energy revive, and said to myself, In spite of everything I shall rise again: I will take up my pencil, which I have forsaken in my great discouragement, and I will go on with my drawing. From that moment everything has seemed transformed for me.
“Admire as much as you can. Most people do not admire enough.”
1870s
Wariant: Find things beautiful as much as you can, most people find too little beautiful.
Źródło: The Letters of Vincent van Gogh
Quote in a letter to Theo van Gogh, from Arles, c. Saturday, 29 September 1888; as cited in An Examined Faith : Social Context and Religious Commitment (1991) by James Luther Adams and George K. Beach, p. 259
1880s, 1888
“The best way to know life is to love many things”
1880s, 1880, Letter to Theo (Cuesmes, July 1880)
Wariant: I always think that the best way to know God is to love many things.
Kontekst: I think that everything that is really good and beautiful, the inner, moral, spiritual and sublime beauty in men and their works, comes from God, and everything that is bad and evil in the works of men and in men is not from God, and God does not approve of it.
But I cannot help thinking that the best way of knowing God is to love many things. Love this friend, this person, this thing, whatever you like, and you will be on the right road to understanding Him better, that is what I keep telling myself. But you must love with a sublime, genuine, profound sympathy, with devotion, with intelligence, and you must try all the time to understand Him more, better and yet more. That will lead to God, that will lead to an unshakable faith.
