Samuel Adams cytaty
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Samuel Adams – amerykański polityk, pisarz, politolog i browarnik. Jeden z założycieli Stanów Zjednoczonych.

Adams wspierał bunt amerykańskich kolonii przeciwko Wielkiej Brytanii nazwany później rewolucją amerykańską. Uznawany jest za jednego z twórców amerykańskiego republikanizmu, który ukształtował amerykański ustrój polityczny i miał wpływ na całą kulturę polityczną USA.

Przyszedł na świat w Bostonie w religijnej i aktywnej politycznie rodzinie. Po ukończeniu Boston Latin School i Harvard College Adams zajął się działalnością gospodarczą – został kupcem. Jednak szybko okazało się, że nie jest to jego powołanie i zwrócił się ku polityce zostając pisarzem i wpływowym teoretykiem politycznym.

Wkrótce stał się jednym z głównych orędowników opozycji wobec brytyjskiej kontroli w koloniach. Uważał, że kolonie powinny odłączyć się od korony brytyjskiej i utworzyć własny niezależny rząd. Adams chciał, by koloniści bronili swoich praw i wolności; zwoływał także spotkania społeczności kolonistów, na których przedstawiał petycje przeciwko podatkom nakładanym na kolonie przez parlament . Adams odgrywał główną rolę zarówno w protestach przeciwko Opłacie Stemplowej, ale także w wydarzeniach takich jak Herbatka bostońska w 1773. Wziął również udział w Kongresie Kontynentalnym, a na drugim Kongresie był zagorzałym zwolennikiem przyjęcia Deklaracji Niepodległości, której był sygnatariuszem.

Po ogłoszeniu przez Stany Zjednoczone niepodległości w 1776 Adams uczestniczył ze swoim kuzynem Johnem Adamsem i Jamesem Bowdoinem w napisaniu konstytucji Massachusetts. Wkrótce potem wziął udział w stworzeniu artykułów konfederacji i wieczystej unii, które tworzyły z niepodległych stanów konfederację. Po zakończeniu amerykańskiej wojny o niepodległość wziął udział w wyborach do Izby Reprezentantów w wyborach do pierwszej kadencji Kongresu, jednak nie został wybrany. Wybrano go jednak w 1789 roku wicegubernatorem Massachusetts w 1789, a po śmierci w 1793 gubernatora Johna Hancocka, Adams pełnił funkcję urzędującego gubernatora do czasu wyboru w styczniu 1794. Zasiadał na tym stanowisku do lipca 1797, kiedy zrezygnował z działalności politycznej. Zmarł sześć lat później, 2 października 1803 roku. Wikipedia  

✵ 27. Wrzesień 1722 – 2. Październik 1803   •   Natępne imiona Самуел Адамс, சாமுவேல் ஆடம்ஸ்
Samuel Adams Fotografia
Samuel Adams: 58   Cytatów 0   Polubień

Samuel Adams cytaty

„Demokracja nigdy długo nie trwała. Wkrótce zniszczyła, wykończyła i zamordowała samą siebie.”

Democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts and murders itself! (ang.)

Samuel Adams: Cytaty po angielsku

“How strangely will the Tools of a Tyrant pervert the plain Meaning of Words!”

Letter to John Pitts (21 January 1776) http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext00/3sdms10.txt

“Freedom of thought and the right of private judgment, in matters of conscience, driven from every other corner of the earth, direct their course to this happy country as their last asylum.”

Speech in Philadelphia (1776)
Wariant: Driven from every other corner of the earth, freedom of thought and the right of private judgment in matters of conscience, direct their course to this happy country as their last asylum.

“What a glorious morning is this!”

Comment upon hearing the gunfire at the Battle of Lexington (19 April 1775), as quoted in An address, delivered at Lexington, on the 19th (20th) April, 1835 (1835) by Edward Everett; this has often been paraphrased as "What a glorious morning for America!"

“!-- A motion was made and seconded, that the report of the Committee made on Monday last, be amended, so far as to add the following to the first article therein mentioned, viz.: ' -->And that the said Constitution be never construed to authorize Congress to infringe the just liberty of time press, or the rights of conscience; or to prevent the people of the United States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms; or to raise standing armies, unless when necessary for the defence of the United States, or of some one or more of them; or to prevent the people from petitioning, in a peaceable and orderly manner, the federal legislature, for a redress of grievances; or to subject the people to unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, papers or possessions.”

Rejected resolution for a clause to add to the first article of the U.S. Constitution, in the debates of the Massachusetts Convention of 1788 (6 February 1788); this has often been attributed to Adams, but he is nowhere identified as the person making the resolution in Debates and Proceedings in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Held in the year 1788 And which finally ratified the Constitution of the United States. (1856) p. 86. https://archive.org/details/debatesandproce00peirgoog<!-- Printed by the Resolves of the Legislature, 1856. Boston: William White, Printer of the Commonwealth.
Variant: The said Constitution shall never be construed to authorize Congress to infringe the just liberty of the press or the rights of conscience; or to prevent the people of The United States who are peaceable citizens from keeping their own arms...
As quoted in Debates and Proceedings in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1850) edited by Peirce & Hale
Disputed

“I firmly believe that the benevolent Creator designed the republican Form of Government for Man.”

Statement of (14 April 1785), quoted in The Writings of Samuel Adams (1904) edited by Harry A. Cushing

“If you, or Colonel Dalrymple under you, have the power to remove one regiment you have the power to remove both. It is at your peril if you refuse. The meeting is composed of three thousand people. They have become impatient. A thousand men are already arrived from the neighborhood, and the whole country is in motion. Night is approaching. An immediate answer is expected. Both regiments or none!”

Address to acting governor Thomas Hutchinson, 6 March 1770, the day following the Boston Massacre. Hutchinson had offered to remove one of the two British regiments stationed in Boston. http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0395825105&id=EQriRekKKPMC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=%22Night+is+approaching.+An+immediate+answer+is+expected.+Both+regiments+or+none%22&sig=P3liJRs37lVSpjUrLHv7bPdEuXk

“In monarchy the crime of treason may admit of being pardoned or lightly punished, but the man who dares rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer death.”

Arguing for a Riot Act which prohibited 12 or more persons from congregating in public and which empowered county sheriffs to kill rioters, during debates prompted by Shays' Rebellion (1786 - 1787) and the death sentences given to many of the rebels; as quoted in Howard Zinn, A People's History of the United States http://libcom.org/a-peoples-history-of-the-united-states-howard-zinn/5-a-kind-of-revolution (1980) Chapter 5 : A kind of Revolution; also quoted in "Completing the American Revolution" by Norman D. Livergood http://www.hermes-press.com/completing.htm

“It is a very great mistake to imagine that the object of loyalty is the authority and interest of one individual man, however dignified by the applause or enriched by the success of popular actions.”

"Loyalty and Sedition," essay published in The Advertiser (1748) http://thingsabove.freerovin.com/samadams.htm, later printed in The Life and Public Service of Samuel Adams, Volume 1 (1865), by William Vincent Wells

“And that the said Constitution be never construed to authorize Congress to infringe the just liberty of time press, or the rights of conscience; or to prevent the people of the United States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms; or to raise standing armies, unless when necessary for the defence of the United States, or of some one or more of them; or to prevent the people from petitioning, in a peaceable and orderly manner, the federal legislature, for a redress of grievances; or to subject the people to unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, papers or possessions.”

Rejected resolution for a clause to add to the first article of the U.S. Constitution, in the debates of the Massachusetts Convention of 1788 (6 February 1788); this has often been attributed to Adams, but he is nowhere identified as the person making the resolution in Debates and Proceedings in the Convention of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Held in the year 1788 And which finally ratified the Constitution of the United States. (1856) p. 86. https://archive.org/details/debatesandproce00peirgoog
Disputed

“Contemplate the mangled bodies of your countrymen, and then say "what should be the reward of such sacrifices?"”

Bid us and our posterity bow the knee, supplicate the friendship and plough, and sow, and reap, to glut the avarice of the men who have let loose on us the dogs of war to riot in our blood and hunt us from the face of the earth? If ye love wealth better than liberty, the tranquility of servitude than the animated contest of freedom — go home from us in peace. We ask not your counsels or arms. Crouch down and lick the hands which feed you. May your chains sit lightly upon you, and may posterity forget that you were our countrymen!
Speech in Philadelphia (1776)
Wariant: If ye love wealth better than liberty, the tranquility of servitude <ins>better</ins> than the animat<del>ed</del><ins>ing</ins> contest of freedom — go <del>home</del> from us in peace. We ask not your counsels or <ins>your</ins> arms. Crouch down and lick the hands which feed you. May your chains <del>sit</del><ins>set</ins> lightly upon you, and may posterity forget that you were our countrymen<del>!</del><ins>.</ins>

“The eyes of the people are upon us. […] If we despond, public confidence is destroyed, the people will no longer yield their support to a hopeless contest, and American liberty is no more. […] Despondency becomes not the dignity of our cause, nor the character of those who are its supporters. Let us awaken then, and evince a different spirit, - a spirit that shall inspire the people with confidence in themselves and in us, - a spirit that will encourage them to persevere in this glorious struggle, until their rights and liberties shall be established on a rock. We have proclaimed to the world our determination 'to die freemen, rather than to live slaves.”

We have appealed to Heaven for the justice of our cause, and in Heaven we have placed our trust. [...] We shall never be abandoned by Heaven while we act worthy of its aid and protection.
addressing a meeting of delegates to the Continental Congress, assembled at Yorktown, Pennsylvania, September 1777 ; as quoted in The Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, Volume 2, by William Vincent Wells; Little, Brown, and Company; Boston, 1865 ; pp. 492-493

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