„Az igazság mindig az egyszerűségben rejlik, sohasem a bonyolult vagy összekavart dolgokban.“
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Isaac Newton idézet
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Isaac Newton
Születési dátum: 4. január 1643
Halál dátuma: 31. március 1727
Más nevek: Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton angol fizikus, matematikus, csillagász, filozófus és alkimista; az újkori történelem egyik kiemelkedő tudósa.
Korszakalkotó műve a Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica , melyben leírja az egyetemes tömegvonzás törvényét, valamint az általa lefektetett axiómák révén megalapozta a klasszikus mechanika tudományát. Ő volt az első, aki megmutatta, hogy az égitestek és a Földön lévő tárgyak mozgását ugyanazon természeti törvények határozzák meg. Matematikai magyarázattal alátámasztotta Kepler bolygómozgási törvényeit, kiegészítve azzal, hogy a különböző égitestek nemcsak elliptikus, de akár hiperbola- vagy parabolapályán is mozoghatnak. Törvényei fontos szerepet játszottak a tudományos forradalomban és a heliocentrikus világkép elterjedésében.
Mindemellett optikai kutatásokat is végzett. Ő fedezte fel azt is, hogy a prizmán megfigyelhető színek valójában az áthaladó fehér fény alkotóelemei, nem pedig a prizma fényt színező hatásának tudható be – ahogy Roger Bacon feltételezte a 13. században –, valamint feltételezte, hogy a fénynek részecske természete van.
Newton, csakúgy, mint Leibniz, az analízis , vagy más néven az infinitezimális kalkulus egyik megalkotója. Nevéhez fűződik a binomiális tétel bizonyítása és tetszőleges komplex kitevőre történő általánosítása.
Művek
Idézetek Isaac Newton
„Egy pontszerű test gyorsulása egyenesen arányos a testre ható (a gyorsulással azonos irányú) erővel, és fordítva arányos a test tömegével.“
— Isaac Newton, könyv Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Principia Mathematica (1687) A mozgás II. törvénye
„Én távolabbra láthattam, de csak azért, mert óriások vállán álltam.“
Levél Robert Hooke-nak (1675. február 5. )
„… azonos hatásokat ugyanazon okoknak kell tulajdonítani.“
Neki tulajdonított idézetek
„Isten mindent szám, súly és mérték alapján teremtett.“
Neki tulajdonított idézetek
Eredeti: Numero pondere et mensura Deus omnia condidit.
„Platón a barátom — Arisztotelész a barátom — de a legnagyobb barátom az igazság.“
Latin jegyzetek, melyeket magának írt: Quaestiones Quaedam Philosophicae (Bizonyos filozófiai kérdések) címmel (1664)
Eredeti: Amicus Plato — amicus Aristoteles — magis amica veritas
„Minden akciónak van egy azzal egyenlő nagyságú, de ellentétes irányú reakciója.“
— Isaac Newton, könyv Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Principia Mathematica (1687) A mozgás III. törvénye
„Én nem alkotok hipotéziseket.“
— Isaac Newton, Hypotheses non fingo
Principia Mathematica (1687)
A gravitációs elmélet egy fundamentális empirikus törvény, de Newton nem alkotott hipotézist a gravitáció működését illetően.
Eredeti: Hypotheses non fingo.
„Minden test nyugalomban marad, vagy megtartja egyenes vonalú egyenletes sebességű mozgását mindaddig, míg egy másik test ennek megváltoztatására nem kényszeríti.“
— Isaac Newton, könyv Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Principia Mathematica (1687) A mozgás I. törvénye
„Christ comes as a thief in the night, & it is not for us to know the times & seasons which God hath put into his own breast.“
An Historical Account of Two Notable Corruptions of Scripture (1704), regarding his calculations "Of the End of the World" based upon the prophecies of Daniel, quoted in Look at the Moon! the Revelation Chronology (2007) by John A. Abrams, p. 141
Modern typographical and spelling variant:
This I mention not to assert when the time of the end shall be, but to put a stop to the rash conjectures of fanciful men who are frequently predicting the time of the end, and by doing so bring the sacred prophesies into discredit as often as their predictions fail.
As quoted in "The world will end in 2060, according to Newton" in the London Evening Standard (19 June 2007) http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23401099-the-world-will-end-in-2060-according-to-newton.do
Kontextus: The 2300 years do not end before the year 2132 nor after 2370.
The time times & half time do not end before 2060..... It may end later, but I see no reason for its ending sooner. This I mention not to assert when the time of the end shall be, but to put a stop to the rash conjectures of fancifull men who are frequently predicting the time of the end, & by doing so bring the sacred prophesies into discredit as often as their predictions fail. Christ comes as a thief in the night, & it is not for us to know the times & seasons which God hath put into his own breast.
„I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me.“
Memoirs of the Life, Writings, and Discoveries of Sir Isaac Newton (1855) by Sir David Brewster (Volume II. Ch. 27). Compare: "As children gath'ring pebbles on the shore", John Milton, Paradise Regained, Book iv. Line 330
„Men build too many walls and not enough bridges.“
Les hommes construisent trop de murs et pas assez de ponts.
This became widely attributed to Isaac Newton after Dominique Pire ascribed it to "the words of Newton" in his Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1958. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1958/pire-lecture.html Pire refers not to Isaac, but to Joseph Fort Newton, who is widely reported to have said "People are lonely because they build walls instead of bridges." This appears to be paraphrased from a longer passage found in his essays and addresses, The One Great Church: Adventures of Faith (1948), pp. 51–52: "Why are so many people shy, lonely, shut up within themselves, unequal to their tasks, unable to be happy? Because they are inhabited by fear, like the man in the Parable of the Talents, erecting walls around themselves instead of building bridges into the lives of others; shutting out life."
Misattributed
„The folly of Interpreters has been, to foretell times and things by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make them Prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed themselves, but brought the Prophecy also into contempt.“
Vol. II, Ch. 1 : Introduction, concerning the time when the Apocalypse was written
Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel, and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733)
Kontextus: The folly of Interpreters has been, to foretell times and things by this Prophecy, as if God designed to make them Prophets. By this rashness they have not only exposed themselves, but brought the Prophecy also into contempt.
The design of God was much otherwise. He gave this and the Prophecies of the Old Testament, not to gratify mens curiosities by enabling them to foreknow things, but that after they were fulfilled they might be interpreted by the event, and his own Providence, not the Interpreters, be then manifested thereby to the world. For the event of things predicted many ages before, will then be a convincing argument that the world is governed by providence. For, as the few and obscure Prophecies concerning Christ’s first coming were for setting up the Christian religion, which all nations have since corrupted; so the many and clear Prophecies concerning the things to be done at Christ’s second coming, are not only for predicting but also for effecting a recovery and re-establishment of the long-lost truth, and setting up a kingdom wherein dwells righteousness. The event will prove the Apocalypse; and this Prophecy, thus proved and understood, will open the old Prophets, and all together will make known the true religion, and establish it. For he that will understand the old Prophets, must begin with this; but the time is not yet come for understanding them perfectly, because the main revolution predicted in them is not yet come to pass. In the days of the voice of the seventh Angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God shall be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the Prophets: and then the kingdoms of this world shall become the kingdom of our Lord and his Christ, and he shall reign for ever, Apoc. x. 7. xi. 15. There is already so much of the Prophecy fulfilled, that as many as will take pains in this study, may see sufficient instances of God’s providence: but then the signal revolutions predicted by all the holy Prophets, will at once both turn men’s eyes upon considering the predictions, and plainly interpret them. Till then we must content ourselves with interpreting what hath been already fulfilled.
Amongst the Interpreters of the last age there to scarce one of note who hath not made some discovery worth knowing; and thence I seem to gather that God is about opening these mysteries. The success of others put me upon considering it; and if I have done any thing which may be useful to following writers, I have my design.
