John Stuart Mill citations (191 citations, Page 4)

John Stuart Mill: 191 citations 0 J'aime

John Stuart Mill citations célèbres

“Mais ce qu'il y a de particulièrement néfaste à imposer silence à l'expression d'une opinion, c'est que cela revient à voler l'humanité : tant la postérité que la génération présente, les détracteurs de cette opinion davantage encore que ses détenteurs. Si l'opinion est juste, on les prive de l'occasion d'échanger l'erreur pour la vérité; si elle est fausse, ils perdent un bénéfice presque aussi considérable : une perception plus claire et une impression plus vive de la vérité que produit sa confrontation avec l'erreur.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error.
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De la liberté

“Celui qui ne connaît que ses propres arguments connaît mal sa cause.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

He who knows only his own side of the case, knows little of that.
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De la liberté

“[…] la méthode dialectique n'est rien d'autre qu'une pensée scientifique dans des conditions où, pour paraphraser Marx, les méthodes d'investigation expérimentale et empirique doivent laisser la place à la force de l'abstraction, à des postulats théoriques et à des déductions appliquées à une interconnexion changeante et complexe de relation et de processus. John Stuart Mill avait déjà tenté de décrire une telle méthode, mais Dieu sait pourquoi on ne l'a jamais rapprochée à la dialectique. En Russie, Tchernychevski, qui avait traduit Mill en russe, l'avait également évoquée.”

John Stuart Mill

“L'utilité même d'une opinion est affaire d'opinion.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

The usefulness of an opinion is itself matter of opinion.
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De la liberté

“L’histoire nous montre constamment la vérité réduite au silence par la persécution; si elle n’est pas supprimée à tout jamais, elle peut être reculée pour des siècles.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

History teems with instances of truth put down by persecution. If not suppressed forever, it may be thrown back for centuries.
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De la liberté

“Le génie ne peut respirer librement que dans une atmosphère de liberté.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

Genius can only breathe freely in an atmosphere of freedom.
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De la liberté

“Que si peu de gens osent maintenant être excentriques, voilà qui révèle le principal danger de notre époque.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

That so few now dare to be eccentric, marks the chief danger of the time.
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De la liberté

“De tous les stratagèmes utilisés pour éviter de prendre en considération l’influence que la société et la morale exercent sur l'esprit humain, le plus lâche est celui qui attribue la diversité des comportements et des personnalités à des différences naturelles innées.”

John Stuart Mill

Racisme

“Sur une plaine toute plate un petit tas de terre semble une colline; on jugera de la platitude de notre bourgeoisie actuelle en prenant le calibre de ses « grands esprits.»”

John Stuart Mill

À propos de John Stuart Mill.

Citations sur les hommes et les garçons de John Stuart Mill

“Ce principe veut que les hommes ne soient autorisés, individuellement ou collectivement, à entraver la liberté d'action de quiconque que pour assurer leur propre protection. La seule raison légitime que puisse avoir une communauté pour user de la force contre un de ses membres est de l'empêcher de nuire aux autres.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

That principle is, that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection. That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others.
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De la liberté

“La valeur d'un État, à la longue, c'est la valeur des individus qui le composent; et un État qui sacrifie les intérêts de leur élévation intellectuelle à un peu plus d'art administratif - ou à l'apparence qu'en donne la pratique - dans le détail des affaires; un État qui rapetisse les hommes pour en faire des instruments dociles entre ses mains, même en vue de bienfaits, un tel État s'apercevra qu'avec de petits hommes; rien de grand ne saurait s'accomplir, et que la perfection de la machine à laquelle il a tout sacrifié n'aboutit finalement à rien, faute de cette puissance vitale qu'il lui a plu de proscrire pour faciliter le jeu de la machine.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

The worth of a State, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it; and a State which postpones the interests of their mental expansion and elevation, to a little more of administrative skill, or that semblance of it which practice gives, in the details of business; a State, which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes, will find that with small men no great thing can really be accomplished; and that the perfection of machinery to which it has sacrificed everything, will in the end avail it nothing, for want of the vital power which, in order that the machine might work more smoothly, it has preferred to banish.
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De la liberté

“Contraindre quiconque pour son propre bien, physique ou moral, ne constitue pas une justification suffisante. Un homme ne peut pas être légitimement contraint d'agir ou de s'abstenir sous prétexte que ce serait meilleur pour lui, que cela le rendrait plus heureux ou que, dans l'opinion des autres, agir ainsi serait sage ou même juste.”

John Stuart Mill livre De la liberté

His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinions of others, to do so would be wise, or even right.
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De la liberté

John Stuart Mill: Citations en anglais

“My previous education had been, in a certain sense, already a course of Benthamism. The Benthamic standard of "the greatest happiness" was that which I had always been taught to apply.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Autobiography (1873)

“In a really equal democracy, every or any section would be represented, not disproportionately, but proportionately. … Unless they are, there is not equal government, but a government of inequality and privilege: one part of the people rule over the rest: there is a part whose fair and equal share of influence in the representation is withheld from them, contrary to all just government, but, above all, contrary to the principle of democracy, which professes equality as its very root and foundation.”

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John Stuart Mill

Source: On Representative Government (1861), Ch. VII: Of True and False Democracy; Representation of All, and Representation of the Majority only (p. 248)

“Both in England and on the Continent a graduated property tax (l'impôt progressif) has been advocated, on the avowed ground that the state should use the instrument of taxation as a means of mitigating the inequalities of wealth. I am as desirous as any one that means should be taken to diminish those inequalities, but not so as to relieve the prodigal at the expense of the prudent.To tax the larger incomes at a higher percentage than the smaller is to lay a tax on industry and economy; to impose a penalty on people for having worked harder and saved more than their neighbours. It is not the fortunes which are earned, but those which are unearned, that it is for the public good to place under limitation.”

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John Stuart Mill

Principles of Political Economy http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlP64.html (1848), Book V, Chapter II

“The art of music is good, for the reason, among others, that it produces pleasure; but what proof is it possible to give that pleasure is good? If, then, it is asserted that there is a comprehensive formula, including all things which are in themselves good, and that whatever else is good, is not so as an end, but as a mean, the formula may be accepted or rejected, but is not a subject of what is commonly understood by proof.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Utilitarianism

Source: Utilitarianism (1861), Ch. 1

“.. Whenever it ceases to be true that mankind, as a rule, prefer themselves to others, and those nearest to them to those more remote, from that moment Communism is not only practicable, but the only defensible form of society…”

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John Stuart Mill

On Representative Government (1861)

“In this frame of mind it occurred to me to put the question directly to myself: "Suppose that all your objects in life were realized; that all the changes in institutions and opinions which you are looking forward to, could be completely effected at this very instant: would this be a great joy and happiness to you?" And an irrepressible self-consciousness distinctly answered, "No!" At this my heart sank within me: the whole foundation on which my life was constructed fell down. All my happiness was to have been found in the continual pursuit of this end. The end had ceased to charm, and how could there ever again be any interest in the means? I seemed to have nothing left to live for.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Autobiography (1873)

“my father's rejection of all that is called religious belief, was not, as many might suppose, primarily a matter of logic and evidence: the grounds of it were moral, still more than intellectual. He found it impossible to believe that a world so full of evil was the work of an Author combining infinite power with perfect goodness and righteousness.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/39/mode/1up pp. 39–40

“writers by whom, more than by any others, a new mode of political thinking was brought home to me, were those of the St. Simonian school in France. In 1829 and 1830 I became acquainted with some of their writings. They were then only in the earlier stages of their speculations. They had not yet dressed out their philosophy as a religion, nor had they organized their scheme of Socialism. They were just beginning to question the principle of hereditary property. I was by no means prepared to go with them even this length; but I was greatly struck with the connected view which they for the first time presented to me, of the natural order of human progress; and especially with their division of all history into organic periods and critical periods.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)
Source: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/163/mode/1up p. 163

“He soon found out that I was not "another mystic," and when for the sake of my own integrity I wrote to him a distinct profession of all those of my opinions which I knew he most disliked, he replied that the chief difference between us was that I "was as yet consciously nothing of a mystic." I do not know at what period he gave up the expectation that I was destined to become one; but though both his and my opinions underwent in subsequent years considerable changes, we never approached much nearer to each other's modes of thought than we were in the first years of our acquaintance. I did not, however, deem myself a competent judge of Carlyle. I felt that he was a poet, and that I was not; that he was a man of intuition, which I was not; and that as such, he not only saw many things long before me, which I could only when they were pointed out to me, hobble after and prove, but that it was highly probable he could see many things which were not visible to me even after they were pointed out.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Autobiography (1873)
Contexte: I have already mentioned Carlyle's earlier writings as one of the channels through which I received the influences which enlarged my early narrow creed; but I do not think that those writings, by themselves, would ever have had any effect on my opinions. What truths they contained, though of the very kind which I was already receiving from other quarters, were presented in a form and vesture less suited than any other to give them access to a mind trained as mine had been. They seemed a haze of poetry and German metaphysics, in which almost the only clear thing was a strong animosity to most of the opinions which were the basis of my mode of thought; religious scepticism, utilitarianism, the doctrine of circumstances, and the attaching any importance to democracy, logic, or political economy. Instead of my having been taught anything, in the first instance, by Carlyle, it was only in proportion as I came to see the same truths through media more suited to my mental constitution, that I recognized them in his writings. Then, indeed, the wonderful power with which he put them forth made a deep impression upon me, and I was during a long period one of his most fervent admirers; but the good his writings did me, was not as philosophy to instruct, but as poetry to animate. Even at the time when out acquaintance commenced, I was not sufficiently advanced in my new modes of thought, to appreciate him fully; a proof of which is, that on his showing me the manuscript of Sartor Resartus, his best and greatest work, which he had just then finished, I made little of it; though when it came out about two years afterwards in Fraser's Magazine I read it with enthusiastic admiration and the keenest delight. I did not seek and cultivate Carlyle less on account of the fundamental differences in our philosophy. He soon found out that I was not "another mystic," and when for the sake of my own integrity I wrote to him a distinct profession of all those of my opinions which I knew he most disliked, he replied that the chief difference between us was that I "was as yet consciously nothing of a mystic." I do not know at what period he gave up the expectation that I was destined to become one; but though both his and my opinions underwent in subsequent years considerable changes, we never approached much nearer to each other's modes of thought than we were in the first years of our acquaintance. I did not, however, deem myself a competent judge of Carlyle. I felt that he was a poet, and that I was not; that he was a man of intuition, which I was not; and that as such, he not only saw many things long before me, which I could only when they were pointed out to me, hobble after and prove, but that it was highly probable he could see many things which were not visible to me even after they were pointed out. I knew that I could not see round him, and could never be certain that I saw over him; and I never presumed to judge him with any definiteness, until he was interpreted to me by one greatly the superior of us both -- who was more a poet than he, and more a thinker than I -- whose own mind and nature included his, and infinitely more.

“The world would be astonished if it knew how great a proportion of its brightest ornaments—of those most distinguished even in popular estimation for wisdom and virtue—are complete sceptics in religion.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 2: Moral Influences in Early Youth. My Father's Character and Opinions.

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/45/mode/1up p. 45

“Those only are happy (I thought) who have their minds fixed on some object other than their own happiness.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: The enjoyments of life (such was now my theory) are sufficient to make it a pleasant thing, when they are taken en passant, without being made a principal object. Once make them so, and they are immediately felt to be insufficient. They will not bear a scrutinizing examination. Ask yourself whether you are happy, and you cease to be so. The only chance is to treat, not happiness, but some end external to it, as the purpose of life. Let your self-consciousness, your scrutiny, your self-interrogation, exhaust themselves on that; and if otherwise fortunately circumstanced you will inhale happiness with the air you breathe, without dwelling on it or thinking about it, without either forestalling it in imagination, or putting it to flight by fatal questioning. This theory now became the basis of my philosophy of life. And I still hold to it as the best theory for all those who have but a moderate degree of sensibility and of capacity for enjoyment; that is, for the great majority of mankind."

Autobiography, Ch 5, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10378/10378-h/10378-h.htm#link2H_NOTE https://www.laits.utexas.edu/poltheory/mill/auto/auto.c05.html source: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 5: A Crisis in My Mental History (p. 100)

“It was the period of my mental progress which I have now reached that I formed the friendship which has been the honour and chief blessing of my existence, as well as the source of a great part of all that I have attempted to do, or hope to effect hereafter, for human improvement. My first introduction to the lady who, after a friendship of twenty years, consented to become my wife, was in 1830, when I was in my twenty-fifth and she in her twenty-third year.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)
Source: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/184/mode/1up p. 184

“France has done more for even English history than England has.”

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John Stuart Mill

John Stuart Mill. Michelet.On the writing of English history. Complete Works Vol 20. Page 221.http://files.libertyfund.org/pll/pdf/Mill_0223-20_EBk_v7.0.pdf

“The tendency has always been strong to believe that whatever received a name must be an entity or thing, having an independent existence of its own; and if no real entity answering to the name could be found, men did not for that reason suppose that none existed, but imagined that it was something peculiarly abstruse and mysterious, too high to be an object of sense. The meaning of all general, and especially of all abstract terms, became in this way enveloped in a mystical base…”

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John Stuart Mill

Note to Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind http://books.google.com/books?id=GxIuAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=james+mill&ei=jsFoR7yAOYfQiwHEzdVv&ie=ISO-8859-1#PPA5,M1 (1829) by James Mill, edited with additional notes by John Stuart Mill (1869)

“The first intellectual operation in which I arrived at any proficiency, was dissecting a bad argument, and finding in what part the fallacy lay; and though whatever capacity of this sort I attained was due to the fact that it was an intellectual exercise in which I was most perseveringly drilled by my father, yet it is also true that the school logic, and the mental habits acquired in studying it, were among the principal instruments of this drilling. I am persuaded that nothing, in modern education, tends so much, when properly used, to form exact thinkers, who attach a precise meaning to words and propositions, and are not imposed on by vague, loose, or ambiguous terms. The boasted influence of mathematical studies is nothing to it; for in mathematical processes, none of the real difficulties of correct ratiocination occur.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/19/mode/1up p. 19

“experiences of this period had two very marked effects on my opinions and character. In the first place, they led me to adopt a theory of life, very unlike that on which I had before acted, and having much in common with what at that time I certainly had never heard of, the anti-self-consciousness theory of Carlyle.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/141/mode/1up pp. 141-142

“In my education, as in that of everyone, the moral influences, which are so much more important than all others, are also the most complicated, and the most difficult to specify with any approach to completeness.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/38/mode/1up p. 38

“[My father] impressed upon me from the first, that the manner in which the world came into existence was a subject on which nothing was known: that the question, “Who made me?” cannot be answered, because we have no experience or authentic information from which to answer it; and that any answer only throws the difficulty a step further back, since the question immediately presents itself, “Who made God?””

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 2: Moral Influences in Early Youth. My Father's Character and Opinions.

“It is evident that this, among many other of the purposes of my father's scheme of education, could not have been accomplished if he had not carefully kept me from having any great amount of intercourse with other boys. He was earnestly bent upon my escaping not only the ordinary corrupting influence which boys exercise over boys, but the contagion of vulgar modes of thought and feeling; and for this he was willing that I should pay the price of inferiority in the accomplishments which schoolboys in all countries chiefly cultivate. The deficiencies in my education were principally in the things which boys learn from being turned out to shift for themselves, and from being brought together in large numbers.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/35/mode/1up p. 35

“It is also a study peculiarly adapted to an early stage in the education of philosophical students, since it does not presuppose the slow process of acquiring, by experience and reflection, valuable thoughts of their own.”

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John Stuart Mill livre Autobiography

Source: Autobiography (1873), Ch. 1: Childhood and Early Education (pp. 13-14)

https://archive.org/details/autobiography01mill/page/19/mode/1up pp. 19-20