Montesquieu citations (51 citations)

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Lettres persanes

Montesquieu

Montesquieu: 51 citations 1 J'aime

Montesquieu citations célèbres

“Il n'y a que deux sortes de guerre justes : les unes qui se font pour repousser un ennemi qui attaque; les autres, pour secourir un allié qui est attaqué.”

Montesquieu livre Lettres persanes

Lettres persanes, 1721

“Pour qu'on ne puisse abuser du pouvoir, il faut que, par la disposition des choses, le pouvoir arrête le pouvoir.”

Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

De l'esprit des lois, 1748

“Sur le caractère de la religion chrétienne et celui de la mahométane, on doit, sans autre examen, embrasser l'une et rejeter l'autre : car il nous est bien plus évident qu'une religion doit adoucir les mœurs des hommes, qu'il ne l'est qu'une religion soit vraie.
C'est un malheur pour la nature humaine lorsque la religion est donnée par un conquérant. La religion mahométane, qui ne parle que de glaive, agit encore sur les hommes avec cet esprit destructeur qui l'a fondée.”

Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

De l'esprit des lois, 1748

“La liberté est le droit de faire tout ce que les lois permettent.”

Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

La liberté politique ne consiste point à faire ce que l'on veut. Dans un État, c'est-à-dire dans une société où il y a des lois, la liberté ne peut consister qu'à pouvoir faire ce que l'on doit vouloir, et à n'être point contraint de faire ce que l'on ne doit pas vouloir. Il faut se mettre dans l'esprit ce que c'est que l'indépendance, et ce que c'est que la liberté. La liberté est le droit de faire tout ce que les lois permettent; et si un citoyen pouvoit faire ce qu'elles
De l'esprit des lois, 1748

“Aussi puis-je t'assurer qu'il n'y a jamais eu de royaume où il y ait eu tant de guerres civiles que dans celui du Christ.”

Montesquieu livre Lettres persanes

Lettres persanes, 1721

“L'effet ordinaire des colonies est d'affaiblir les pays d'où on les tire, sans peupler ceux où on les envoie.”

Montesquieu livre Lettres persanes

Lettres persanes, 1721

Citations sur les hommes et les garçons de Montesquieu

“Il semble que les têtes des plus grands hommes s’étrécissent lorsqu’elles sont assemblées, et que là où il y a plus de sages, il y ait moins de sagesse : les grands corps s’attachent toujours si fort aux minuties, que l’essentiel ne va jamais qu’après.”

Montesquieu

“Si je savais une chose utile à ma nation qui fût ruineuse à une autre, je ne la proposerais pas à mon prince, parce que je suis homme avant d’être Français, parce que je suis nécessairement homme, et que je ne suis Français que par hasard”

Montesquieu

Pensées et Fragments Inédits de Montesquieu (1899)

“Horace et Aristote nous ont déjà parlé des vertus de leurs pères, et des vices de leur temps, et les auteurs de siècle en siècle nous en ont parlé de même. S'ils avaient dit vrai, les hommes seraient à présent des ours.”

Montesquieu

Pensées Diverses

Montesquieu Citations

“Si les triangles faisaient un dieu, ils lui donneraient trois côtés.”

Montesquieu

Citation rapportée

Dieu

“L'étude a été pour moi le souverain remède contre les dégoûts, n'ayant jamais eu de chagrin qu'une heure de lecture ne m'ait ôté.”

Montesquieu

Mes pensées, 1899 (posthume)

étude , lecture

“Elle m’a donné quatre enfans dont il y en a plus de la moitié où je jurerois que je ne suis pour rien.”

Montesquieu

“L'amour de la république, dans une démocratie, est celui de la démocratie; l'amour de la démocratie est celui de l'égalité.”

Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

De l'esprit des lois, 1748

amour , démocratie

“Si je savais quelque chose utile à ma famille et qui ne le fût pas à ma patrie, je chercherais à l’oublier. Si je savais quelque chose utile à ma patrie, et qui fût préjudiciable à l’Europe, ou bien qui fût utile à l’Europe et préjudiciable au genre humain, je le regarderais comme un crime.”

Montesquieu

Mes pensées, 1899 (posthume)

oubli , famille

“La raillerie est un discours en faveur de son esprit contre son bon naturel.”

Montesquieu

Pensées Diverses

“J'ai toujours vu que, pour réussir dans le monde, il fallait avoir l'air fou et être sage.”

Montesquieu

Pensées Diverses

fous , monde

“Le succès de la plupart des choses dépend de savoir combien il faut de temps pour réussir.”

Montesquieu

Pensées Diverses

temps , faute

Montesquieu: Citations en anglais

“If one only wished to be happy, this could be easily accomplished; but we wish to be happier than other people, and this is always difficult, for we believe others to be happier than they are.”

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Montesquieu

As quoted in A Dictionary of Thoughts : Being a Cyclopedia of Laconic Quotations from the Best Authors, Both Ancient and Modern (1891) edited by Tryon Edwards.

“There is only one thing that can form a bond between men, and that is gratitude…we cannot give someone else greater power over us than we have ourselves.”

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Montesquieu

No. 104. (Usbek writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“In a free nation, it matters not whether individuals reason well or ill; it is sufficient that they do reason. Truth arises from the collision and from hence springs liberty, which is a security from the effects of reasoning.”

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Montesquieu

Quoted by Thomas Erskine in the trial of Thomas Paine, 1792

“Of all kind of authors there are none I despise more than compilers, who search every where for shreds of other men's works, which they join to their own, like so many pieces of green turf in a garden: they are not at all superior to compositors in a printing house, who range the types, which, collected together, make a book, towards which they contribute nothing but the labours of the hand. I would have original writers respected, and it seems to me a kind of profanation to take those pieces from the sanctuary in which they reside, and to expose them to a contempt they do not deserve. When a man hath nothing new to say, why does not he hold his tongue? What business have we with this double employment?”

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No. 66.
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“Christians are beginning to lose the spirit of intolerance which animated them: experience has shown the error of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, and of the persecution of those Christians in France whose belief differed a little from that of the king. They have realized that zeal for the advancement of religion is different from a due attachment to it; and that in order to love it and fulfill its behests, it is not necessary to hate and persecute those who are opposed to it.”

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No. 60. (Usbek writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“Not to be loved is a misfortune, but it is an insult to be loved no longer.”

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No. 3. (Zachi writing to Usbek)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“Democratic and aristocratic states are not in their own nature free. Political liberty is to be found only in moderate governments; and even in these it is not always found. It is there only when there is no abuse of power. But constant experience shows us that every man who has power is inclined to abuse it; he goes until he finds limits. Is it not strange, though true, to say that virtue itself has need of limits?.
To prevent this abuse, it is necessary that, by the arrangement of things, power shall stop power. A government may be so constituted, as no man shall be compelled to do things to which the law does not oblige him, nor forced to abstain from things which the law permits.”

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Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

Book XI, Chapter 4.
The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

“In every government there are three sorts of power: the legislative; the executive in respect to things dependent on the law of nations; and the executive in regard to matters that depend on the civil law.
By virtue of the first, the prince or magistrate enacts temporary or perpetual laws, and amends or abrogates those that have been already enacted. By the second, he makes peace or war, sends or receives embassies, establishes the public security, and provides against invasions. By the third, he punishes criminals, or determines the disputes that arise between individuals. The latter we shall call the judiciary power, and the other, simply, the executive power of the state.
When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.
Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would be then the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression.
There would be an end of every thing, were the same man, or the same body, whether of the nobles or of the people, to exercise those three powers, that of enacting laws, that of executing the public resolutions, and of trying the causes of individuals.
The executive power ought to be in the hands of a monarch, because this branch of government, having need of dispatch, is better administered by one than by many: on the other hand, whatever depends on the legislative power, is oftentimes better regulated by many than by a single person.
But, if there were no monarch, and the executive power should be committed to a certain number of persons, selected from the legislative body, there would be an end of liberty, by reason the two powers would be united; as the same persons would sometimes possess, and would be always able to possess, a share in both.”

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Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

Book XI, Chapter 6.
The Spirit of the Laws (1748)
Source: Esprit des lois (1777)/L11/C6 - Wikisource, fr.wikisource.org, fr, 2018-07-07 https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Esprit_des_lois_(1777)/L11/C6,

“I have read descriptions of Paradise that would make any sensible person stop wanting to go there.”

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Montesquieu

No. 125. (Usbek writing to Rhedi)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“Raillery is a mode of speaking in favor of one's wit at the expense of one's better nature.”

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Montesquieu

La raillerie est un discours en faveur de son esprit contre son bon naturel.
Pensées Diverses

“People here argue about religion interminably, but it appears that they are competing at the same time to see who can be the least devout.”

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Montesquieu

No. 46. (Usbek writing to Rhedi)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“History is full of religious wars; but, we must take care to observe, it was not the multiplicity of religions that produced these wars, it was the intolerating spirit which animated that one which thought she had the power of governing.”

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Montesquieu

No. 65. (Usbek writing to his wives)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“I can assure you that no kingdom has ever had as many civil wars as the kingdom of Christ.”

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Montesquieu

No. 29. (Rica writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“[The Ottoman Empire] whose sick body was not supported by a mild and regular diet, but by a powerful treatment, which continually exhausted it.”

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Montesquieu

No. 19. (Usbek writing to Rustan)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“You have to study a great deal to know a little.”

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Montesquieu

Source: Pensées et Fragments Inédits de Montesquieu (1899), I

“One must give one power a ballast, so to speak, to put it in a position to resist another.”

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Montesquieu livre De l'esprit des lois

Book V, Chapter 14.
The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

“The laws of Rome had wisely divided public power among a large number of magistracies, which supported, checked and tempered each other. Since they all had only limited power, every citizen was qualified for them, and the people — seeing many persons pass before them one after the other — did not grow accustomed to any in particular. But in these times the system of the republic changed. Through the people the most powerful men gave themselves extraordinary commissions — which destroyed the authority of the people and magistrates, and placed all great matters in the hands of one man, or a few.”

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Montesquieu livre Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline

Source: Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence/11 - Wikisource, fr.wikisource.org, fr, 2018-07-07 https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Consid%C3%A9rations_sur_les_causes_de_la_grandeur_des_Romains_et_de_leur_d%C3%A9cadence/11,
Source: Montesquieu, Causes of the Greatness of the Romans, 2017-11-09, 2018-07-07 https://web.archive.org/web/20171109014358/http://www.constitution.org/cm/ccgrd_l.htm,
Source: Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and their Decline (1876), Chapter XI.

“Life was given to me as a favor, so I may abandon it when it is one no longer.”

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Montesquieu

No. 76. (Usbek writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law.”

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Montesquieu

As quoted in With Prejudice : The Perspective of an Acquitted Defendent (2010) by Vicky Gallas; no earlier occurence of this phrasing has been located (Relevant quote: "Il n’y a point de plus cruelle tyrannie que celle que l’on exerce à l’ombre des lois et avec les couleurs de la justice" i.e. "There is no tyranny more cruel than that which is exercised within the shade of the law and with the colours of justice." See Chap. XIV of Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence).
Disputed

“[The Pope] will make the king believe that three are only one, that the bread he eats is not bread…and a thousand other things of the same kind.”

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Montesquieu

No. 24. (Rica writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“If I knew of something that could serve my nation but would ruin another, I would not propose it to my prince, for I am first a man and only then a Frenchman, because I am necessarily a man, and only accidentally am I French.”

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Montesquieu

Si je savais une chose utile à ma nation qui fût ruineuse à une autre, je ne la proposerais pas à mon prince, parce que je suis homme avant d’être Français, parce que je suis nécessairement homme, et que je ne suis Français que par hasard
I.
Pensées et Fragments Inédits de Montesquieu (1899)

“I have always observed that to succeed in the world one should appear like a fool but be wise.”

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J'ai toujours vu que, pour réussir dans le monde, il fallait avoir l'air fou et être sage.
Pensées Diverses

“A man should be mourned at his birth, not at his death.”

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Montesquieu

No. 40. (Usbek writing to Ibben)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“I acknowledge that history is full of religious wars: but we must distinguish; it is not the multiplicity of religions which has produced wars; it is the intolerant spirit animating that which believed itself in the ascendant.”

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Montesquieu

No. 86. (Usbek writing to Mirza)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“The success of most things depends upon knowing how long it will take to succeed.”

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Montesquieu

Le succès de la plupart des choses dépend de savoir combien il faut de temps pour réussir.
Pensées Diverses

“Horace and Aristotle told us of the virtues of their fathers, and the vices of their own time, and authors down through the centuries have told us the same. If they were right, men would now be bears.”

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Montesquieu

Horace et Aristote nous ont déjà parlé des vertus de leurs pères, et des vices de leur temps, et les auteurs de siècle en siècle nous en ont parlé de même. S'ils avaient dit vrai, les hommes seraient à présent des ours.
Pensées Diverses

“Do you think that God will punish them for not practicing a religion which he did not reveal to them?”

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Montesquieu

No. 35. (Usbek writing to Gemchid)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“I write to thee on this subject, [friend], because I am angry at a book which I have just left, which is so large, that it seems to contain universal science, but it hath almost split my head, without teaching me anything.”

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No. 66.
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“There are only two cases in which war is just: first, in order to resist the aggression of an enemy, and second, in order to help an ally who has been attacked.”

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No. 95. (Usbek writing to Rhedi)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)

“And yet there is nothing so badly imagined: nature seems to have provided, that the follies of men should be transient, but they by writing books render them permanent. A fool ought to content himself with having wearied those who lived with him: but he is for tormenting future generations; he is desirous that his folly should triumph over oblivion, which he ought to have enjoyed as well as his grave; he is desirous that posterity should be informed that he lived, and that it should be known for ever that he was a fool.”

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Montesquieu

Commonly paraphrased as "An author is a fool who, not content with having bored those who have lived with him, insists on boring future generations".
No. 66. (Rica writing to * * *)
Lettres Persanes (Persian Letters, 1721)