1. Cytaty
  2. Autorzy
  3. Xunzi

Xunzi cytaty

Xunzi – filozof chiński, jeden z wybitnych przedstawicieli konfucjanizmu.

Jego prawdziwym imieniem było Xun Kuang lub Xun Qing . Pochodził z państwa Zhao. W wieku 50 lat przeniósł się do Qi, skąd na skutek intryg musiał wyemigrować do Chu, gdzie prawdopodobnie zmarł. Pozostawił po sobie napisane w formie traktatów filozoficznych, składające się z 32 rozdziałów dzieło nazwane jego imieniem.

Nauczał, że każda z trzech potęg wszechświata: Niebo, Ziemia i Człowiek, ma swoje własne, konkretne powołanie. Powołaniem człowieka jest wykorzystywanie tego, co daje mu Ziemia i Niebo i tworzenie kultury. Pod pojęciem Nieba rozumiał nieosobowy, bezimienny i bezstronny ład przyrody.

Xunzi głosił, że człowiek jest zły z natury i rodzi się z wrodzonym pragnieniem korzyści i przyjemności zmysłowych. Tylko wychowanie i kultura mogą uczynić go wartościowym. Wyróżniał 2 nurty pochodzenia moralności:



współpraca społeczna, przejawiająca się w organizacji społecznej, dzięki której ludzie mogą współpracować i wspierać się wzajemnie w zaspokajaniu własnych pragnień.

człowiek potrzebuje moralności nie dlatego, że nie może się bez niej obejść, ale dlatego, iż powinien ją mieć.Aby organizacja społeczna zaistniała, trzeba wypracować reguły postępowania – obrzędy, ceremonie, konwencje społeczne. Zapewniają one kontrolę, pielęgnację i upiększenie ludzkiej natury.

Zaprzeczał istnieniu duchów, zjawisk nadprzyrodzonych i przepowiedni, kładł jednak duży nacisk na ceremonie pogrzebowe i ofiarne , które uważał za ważne elementy kultury. Muzykę traktował jako narzędzie wychowania.

Rozwinął teorie logiczne wykorzystując je do krytyki późniejszych moistów i szkoły nazw. Wikipedia  

✵ 313 p. n. e. – 238 p. n. e.
Xunzi Fotografia
Xunzi: 13   Cytatów 0   Polubień

Xunzi: Cytaty po angielsku

“Learning proceeds until death and only then does it stop. … Its purpose cannot be given up for even a moment. To pursue it is to be human, to give it up to be a beast.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy (2001), p. 258
An Exhortation to Learning

“One whose intentions and thoughts are cultivated will disregard wealth and nobility. One whose greatest concern is for the Way and righteousness will take lightly kings and dukes. It is simply that when one examines oneself on the inside, external goods carry little weight. A saying goes, "The gentleman makes things his servants. The petty man is servant to things."”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy (2001), p. 263
A similar phrase to the saying is found in the 3rd millennium BCE Sumerian text Instructions of Shuruppak by Šuruppak: "You should not serve things; things should serve you." http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section5/tr561.htm
"Cultivating oneself"

“The person attempting to travel two roads at once will get nowhere.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Quoted in: Errick A. Ford (2010) Iron Sharpens Iron: Wisdom of the Ages, p. 48.

“Human nature is evil, and goodness is caused by intentional activity.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Quoted in: Fayek S. Hourani (2012) Daily Bread for Your Mind and Soul, p. 336.

“In order to properly understand the big picture, everyone should fear becoming mentally clouded and obsessed with one small section of truth.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Quoted in: Joan Klostermann-Ketels (2011) HumaniTrees, p. 96.

“The learning of the gentleman enters through his ears, fastens to his heart, spreads through his four limbs, and manifests itself in his actions. … The learning of the petty person enters through his ears and passes out his mouth. From mouth to ears is only four inches—how could it be enough to improve a whole body much larger than that?”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy (2001), p. 259
An Exhortation to Learning

“The straightening board was created because of warped wood, and the plumb line came into being because of things that are not straight. Rulers are established and ritual and rightness are illuminated because the nature is evil.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, p. 182
Human nature is evil

“A questioner asks: If human nature is evil, then where do ritual and rightness come from? I reply: ritual and rightness are always created by the conscious activity of the sages.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, p. 180
Human nature is evil

“A person who is shallow aspires to depth; one who is ugly aspires to beauty; one who is narrow aspires to breadth; one who is poor aspires to wealth; one who is humble aspires to esteem. Whatever one lacks in oneself he must seek outside.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, p. 181
Human nature is evil

“If an action … involves little profit but much righteousness, do it.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy (2001), p. 263
"Cultivating oneself"

“The gentleman knows that whatever is imperfect and unrefined does not deserve praise. … He makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right. … For this reason, power and profit cannot sway him, the masses cannot shift him, and nothing in the world can shake him.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy (2001), p. 260
An Exhortation to Learning

“A person who is transformed by the instructions of a teacher, devotes himself to study, and abides by ritual and rightness may become a noble person, while one who follows his nature and emotions, is content to give free play to his passions, and abandons ritual and rightness is a lesser person.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, p. 180
Human nature is evil

“Human nature is evil; its goodness derives from conscious activity. Now it is human nature to be born with a fondness for profit. Indulging this leads to contention and strife, and the sense of modesty and yielding with which one was born disappears. One is born with feelings of envy and hate, and, by indulging these, one is led into banditry and theft, so that the sense of loyalty and good faith with which he was born disappears. One is born with the desires of the ears and eyes and with a fondness for beautiful sights and sounds, and, by indulging these, one is led to licentiousness and chaos, so that the sense of ritual, rightness, refinement, and principle with which one was born is lost. Hence, following human nature and indulging human emotions will inevitably lead to contention and strife, causing one to rebel against one’s proper duty, reduce principle to chaos, and revert to violence. Therefore one must be transformed by the example of a teacher and guided by the way of ritual and rightness before one will attain modesty and yielding, accord with refinement and ritual, and return to order.”

Help us translate this quote
Xun Zi

Sources of Chinese Tradition (1999), vol. 1, pp. 179-180
Human nature is evil

Podobni autorzy

Konfucjusz Fotografia
Konfucjusz 111
chiński myśliciel, filozof, nauczyciel i polityk, twórca ko…
Platon Fotografia
Platon 105
grecki filozof
Justyn Męczennik Fotografia
Justyn Męczennik 5
święty filozof i pisarz chrześcijański
Zenon z Kition Fotografia
Zenon z Kition 8
filozof grecki
Petroniusz Fotografia
Petroniusz 12
rzymski pisarz, filozof i polityk, domniemany autor Satyric…
Epikur Fotografia
Epikur 49
grecki filozof
Pitagoras Fotografia
Pitagoras 35
grecki matematyk i filozof,
Arystoteles Fotografia
Arystoteles 83
Filozof starożytnej Grecji
Heraklit z Efezu Fotografia
Heraklit z Efezu 48
filozof antyczny
Epiktet Fotografia
Epiktet 33
filozof rzymski