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Miguel de Unamuno cytaty
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Miguel de Unamuno y Jugo – hiszpański filozof, pisarz, dramaturg i poeta, rektor Uniwersytetu w Salamance, z pochodzenia Bask. Zrozpaczony działaniami Republiki poparł początkowo generała Francisca Franco. Nie mógł jednak zignorować rzezi i morderstw, których ofiarami padli jego przyjaciele: Casto Prieto , Salvador Vila oraz Federico García Lorca. Wziął udział w Festiwalu Rasy Hiszpańskiej, zorganizowanym 12 października 1936 r. W odpowiedzi na gwałtowne ataki profesora Francisca Maldonado przeciwko Katalończykom i Baskom wygłosił przemowę przeciwko ideom nacjonalistów. Prawdopodobnie tylko obecność żony generała Francisca Franco uratowała go przed linczem. Generał Franco życzył sobie rozstrzelania filozofa, nie uczynił tego jednak ze względu na jego międzynarodową sławę i reakcje, jakie wywołało za granicą morderstwo Federico Garcíi Lorki.

✵ 29. Wrzesień 1864 – 31. Grudzień 1936
Miguel de Unamuno Fotografia
Miguel de Unamuno: 216   Cytatów 3   Polubienia

Miguel de Unamuno słynne cytaty

„Ludzie czują się naprawdę braćmi tylko wtedy, gdy słyszą się nawzajem w ciszy rzeczy poprzez samotność.”

Miguel de Unamuno

„Cierpienie uczy nas o własnym istnieniu.”

Miguel de Unamuno

Miguel de Unamuno cytaty

„Wszystko może być śmieszne, z wyjątkiem nędzy.”

Miguel de Unamuno

„Mężczyzna tylko od życia może nauczyć się żyć i żadna pedagogika tej nauki nie zastąpi.”

Miguel de Unamuno
O nauce

„Świadomość jest chorobą.”

Miguel de Unamuno

O poczuciu tragiczności życia wśród ludzi i wśród narodów

„Miłość wynaleźli poeci, żeby móc później na jej temat wypisywać różne nudne brednie. Pozytywną rzeczą jest tylko małżeństwo.”

Miguel de Unamuno

Źródło: Mikołaj Kozakiewicz, O miłości prawie wszystko, LSW, Warszawa 1982, s. 139.

O miłości , O małżeństwie

„Wiara, która nie wątpi jest martwą wiarą.”

Miguel de Unamuno

Fe que no duda es fe muerta. (hiszp.)
Źródło: Tu mano es mi destino pod red. Cirilo Flóreza Miguela

O wierze

„Nie zadawaj się z osobami poważnymi, bo kto nigdy nie mówi głupstw, jest głupi od stóp do głów.”

Miguel de Unamuno

Źródło: Antonio Vasquez, Małżeństwo na nowe czasy

O małżeństwie

„Cierpienie jest drogą świadomości i to przezeń istoty żywe zyskują świadomość samych siebie.”

Miguel de Unamuno
O cierpieniu

„Jadąc tramwajem elektrycznym do opery, można zadać sobie pytanie: co w tym przypadku ma większą użyteczność, tramwaj czy opera?”

Miguel de Unamuno

O poczuciu tragiczności życia wśród ludzi i wśród narodów

Pytanie

„Mówi się, iż człowiek jest zwierzęciem rozumnym. Nie wiem, czemu nie powiedziano o nim, że jest zwierzęciem uczuciowym czy afektywnym. Bo może od innych zwierząt odróżnia go bardziej uczucie niż rozum. Częściej zdarzyło mi się widzieć kota rozumującego niż płaczącego lub śmiejącego się. Być może śmieje się lub płacze wewnętrznie – ale wewnętrznie może również krab rozwiązuje równania drugiego stopnia.”

Miguel de Unamuno

O poczuciu tragiczności życia wśród ludzi i wśród narodów

O emocjach , O zwierzętach , O płaczu

Miguel de Unamuno: Cytaty po angielsku

“The philosophy of the soul of my people appears to me as an expression of an inward tragedy analogous to the tragedy of the soul of Don Quixote, as the expression of conflict between what the world is as scientific reason shows it to be and what we wish that it might be, as our religious faith affirms it to be. And in this philosophy is to be found the explanation of what is usually said about us — namely, that we are fundamentally irreducible to Kultur — or in other words, that we refuse to submit to it. No, Don Quixote does not resign himself either to the world, or to science or logic, or to art or esthetics, or to morality or ethics.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“Yes, yes, I see it all! — an enormous social activity, a mighty civilization, a profuseness of science, of art, of industry, of morality, and afterwords, when we have filled the world with industrial marvels, with great factories, with roads, museums and libraries, we shall fall exhausted at the foot of it all, and it will subsist — for whom? Was man made for science or was science made for man?”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), I : The Man of Flesh and Bone

“And killing time is perhaps the essence of comedy, just as the essence of tragedy is killing eternity.”

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Miguel de Unamuno książka San Manuel Bueno, Mártir

San Manuel Bueno, Mártir (1933), Prologue

“La verdadera ciencia enseña, por encima de todo, a dudar y a ser ignorante. (True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.)”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), V : The Rationalist Dissolution

“Warmth, warmth, more warmth! for we are dying of cold and not of darkness. It is not the night that kills, but the frost.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), XI : The Practical Problem

“"God is just and punishes us; that is all we need to know; as far as we are concerned the rest is merely curiosity." Such was the conclusion of Lamennais (Essai, etc., partie, chap. vii.), an opinion shared by many others. Calvin also held the same view. But is there anyone content with this? Pure curiosity! — to call this load that well nigh crushes our heart pure curiosity!”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), X : Religion, the Mythology of the Beyond and the Apocatastasis

“We must needs believe with faith, whatever counsels reason may give us, that in the depths of our own bodies, in animals, in plants, in rocks, in everything that lives, in all the Universe, there is a spirit that strives to know itself, to acquire consciousness of itself, to be itself — for to be oneself is to know oneself — to be pure spirit; and since it can only achieve this by means of the body, by means of matter, it creates and makes use of matter at the same time that it remains a prisoner of it.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), IX : Faith, Hope, and Charity

“The march, as ever, is toward the future, and he who marches is getting there, even though he march walking backwards. And who knows if that is not the better way!…”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“Let us go on committing suicide by working among our people, and let them dream life just as the lake dreams the sky.”

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Miguel de Unamuno książka San Manuel Bueno, Mártir

San Manuel Bueno, Mártir (1933), Prologue

“But our Don Quixote, the inward, the immortal Don Quixote, conscious of his own comicness, does not believe that his doctrines will triumph in this world, because they are not of it. And it is better that they should not triumph. And if the world wished to make Don Quixote king, he would retire alone to the mountain, fleeing from the king-making crowds, as Christ retired alone to the mountain when, after the miracle of the loaves and fishes, they sought to proclaim him king. He left the title of king for the inscription written over the cross.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“Little can be hoped for from a ruler… who has not at some time or other been preoccupied, even if only confusedly, with the first beginning and ultimate end of all things, and above all of man, with the "why" of his origin and the "wherefore" of his destiny.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), I : The Man of Flesh and Bone

“These terrible sociologists, who are the astrologers and alchemists of our twentieth century.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

Fanatical Skepticism

“And neither ought we to be surprised by the affirmation that the consciousness of the Universe is composed and integrated by the consciousnesses of the beings which form the Universe, by the consciousnesses of all the beings that exist, and that nevertheless it remains a personal consciousness distinct from those which compose it. Only thus is it possible to understand how in God we live, move, and have our being.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), VII : Love, Suffering, Pity

“Rousseau has said in his Emile (book iv.): "Even though philosophers should be in a position to discover the truth, which of them would take any interest in it? Each one knows well that his system is not better founded than the others, but he supports it because it is his. …The essential thing is to think differently from others. With believers he is an atheist; with atheists he is a believer."”

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Miguel de Unamuno

How much substantial truth there is in these gloomy confessions of this man of painful sincerity.
The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), III : The Hunger of Immortality

“To believe in God is to yearn for His existence and, furthermore, it is to act as if He did exist.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), V : The Rationalist Dissolution
Kontekst: To believe in God is to long for His existence and, further, it is to act as if he existed; it is to live by this longing and to make it the inner spring of our action.
Kontekst: To believe in God is to long for His existence and, further, it is to act as if he existed; it is to live by this longing and to make it the inner spring of our action. This longing or hunger for divinity begets hope, hope begets faith, and faith and hope beget charity. Of this divine longing is born our sense of beauty, of finality, of goodness.

“It has been said a thousand times and in a thousand books that ancestor-worship is for the most part the source of primitive religions, and it may be strictly said that what most distinguishes man from the other animals is that, in one form or another, he guards his dead and does not give them over to the neglect of teeming mother earth; he is an animal that guards its dead.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), III : The Hunger of Immortality

“Hegel made famous his aphorism that all the rational is real and all the real rational; but there are many of us who, unconvinced by Hegel, continue to believe that the real, the really real, is irrational, that reason builds upon irrationalities. Hegel, a great framer of definitions, attempted with definitions to reconstruct the universe, like that artillery sergeant who said that cannon were made by taking a hole and enclosing it with steel.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), I : The Man of Flesh and Bone

“Underlying even the so-called problem of knowledge there is simply this human feeling, just as underlying the inquiry into the "why," the cause, there is simply the search for the "wherefore," the end. All the rest is either to deceive oneself or to wish to deceive others; and to wish to deceive others in order to deceive oneself.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), II : The Starting-Point

“Conduct, practice, is the proof of doctrine, theory. "If any man will do His will — the will of Him that sent me," said Jesus, "he shall know of the doctrine, whether it be of God or whether I speak of myself" (John vii. 17); and there is a well known saying of Pascal: "Begin by taking holy water and you will end by becoming a believer." And pursuing a similar train of thought, Johann Jakob Moser, the pietist, was of the opinion that no atheist or naturalist had the right to regard the Christian religion as void of truth so long as he had not put it to the proof by keeping its precepts and commandments”

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Miguel de Unamuno

Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus, book viii., 43
The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), XI : The Practical Problem

“But Don Quixote was converted. Yes — and died, poor soul. But the other, the real Don Quixote, he who remained on earth and lives among us with his spirit — this Don Quixote was not converted, this Don Quixote continues to incite us to make ourselves ridiculous, this Don Quixote must never die.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“And the soul, my soul at least, longs for something else, not absorption, not quietude, not peace, not appeasement, it longs ever to approach and never to arrive, it longs for the never-ending longing, for an eternal hope which is eternally renewed but never wholly fulfilled. And together with all this, it longs for an eternal lack of something and an eternal suffering. A suffering, a pain, thanks to which it grows without ceasing in consciousness and longing. Do not write upon the gate of heaven that sentence which Dante placed over the threshold of hell, Lasciate ogni speranza! [Lasciate ogne speranza, voi ch'intrate: All hope abandon, ye who enter in] Do not destroy time!”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), X : Religion, the Mythology of the Beyond and the Apocatastasis

“But the truth is that my work — I was going to say my mission — is to shatter the faith of men here, there, and everywhere, faith in affirmation, faith in negation, and faith in abstention in faith, and this for the sake of faith in faith itself; it is to war against all those who submit, whether it be to Catholicism, or to rationalism, or to agnosticism; it is to make all men live the life of inquietude and passionate desire.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“For the mockers are those who die comically, and God laughs at their comic ending, while the nobler part, the part of tragedy, is theirs who endured the mockery.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), Conclusion : Don Quixote in the Contemporary European Tragi-Comedy

“If consciousness is, as some inhuman thinker has said, nothing more than a flash of light between two eternities of darkness, then there is nothing more execrable than existence.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), I : The Man of Flesh and Bone

“Faith feels itself secure neither with universal consent, nor with tradition, nor with authority. It seeks support of its enemy, reason.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), IV : The Essence of Catholicism

“The Catholic solution of our problem, of our unique vital problem, the problem of the immortality and eternal salvation of the soul, satisfies the will, and therefore satisfies life; but the attempt to rationalize it by means of a dogmatic theology fails to satisfy the reason. And reason has its exigencies as imperious as those of life. It is no use seeking to force ourselves to consider as super-rational what clearly appears to us to be contra-rational… Infallibility, a notion of Hellenic origin, is in its essence a rationalistic category.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), IV : The Essence of Catholicism

“And if it is grievous to be doomed one day to cease to be, perhaps it would be more grievous still to go on being always oneself, and no more than oneself, without being able to be at the same time other, without being able to be at the same time everything else, without being able to be all.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), VII : Love, Suffering, Pity

“I do not understand these men who tell me that the prospect of the yonder side of death has never tormented them, that the thought of their own annihilation never disquiets them. For my part I do not wish to make peace between my heart and my head, between my faith and my reason — I wish rather that there should be war between them.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), VI : In the Depths of the Abyss

“To say that everything is idea or that everything is spirit, is the same as saying that everything is matter or that everything is energy, for if everything is idea or spirit, just as my consciousness is, it is not plain why the diamond should not endure for ever, if my consciousness, because it is idea or spirit, endures forever.”

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Miguel de Unamuno

The Tragic Sense of Life (1913), V : The Rationalist Dissolution

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