“Je pense pouvoir dire sans trop me tromper que personne ne comprend la mécanique quantique.”
I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics
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Richard Phillips Feynman est un physicien américain, l'un des plus influents de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, en raison notamment de ses travaux sur l'électrodynamique quantique, les quarks et l'hélium superfluide.
Il reformula entièrement la mécanique quantique à l'aide de son intégrale de chemin qui généralise le principe de moindre action de la mécanique classique et inventa les diagrammes qui portent son nom et qui sont désormais largement utilisés en théorie quantique des champs .
Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il fut impliqué dans le développement de la bombe atomique américaine. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il enseigna à l'université Cornell puis au Caltech où il effectua des travaux fondamentaux notamment dans la théorie de la superfluidité et des quarks. Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger et lui sont colauréats du prix Nobel de physique de 1965 pour leurs travaux en électrodynamique quantique. Vers la fin de sa vie, son action au sein de la commission d'enquête sur l'accident de la navette spatiale Challenger l'a fait connaître du grand public américain.
Pédagogue remarquable, il est le rédacteur de nombreux ouvrages de vulgarisation reconnus. Parmi ces livres, les Feynman lectures on physics, un cours de physique de niveau universitaire qui, depuis sa parution, est devenu un classique pour tous les étudiants de premier cycle en physique et leurs professeurs. Il raconte aussi ses nombreuses aventures dans plusieurs ouvrages : Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! et What Do You Care What Other People Think?. Ce tome est lié au soutien moral que sa première épouse Arline lui donnait, l'encourageant par ce biais dans sa poursuite intellectuelle en tant que libre-penseur.
Wikipedia
“Je pense pouvoir dire sans trop me tromper que personne ne comprend la mécanique quantique.”
I think I can safely say that nobody understands quantum mechanics
en
If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is the atomic hypothesis (or the atomic fact, or whatever you wish to call it) that all things are made of atoms little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied.
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[...] we have always had (secret, secret, close the doors!) we have always have had a great deal of difficulty in understanding the world view that quantum mechanics represents. At least I do, because I'm an old enough man that I haven't got to the point that this stuff is obvious to me. Okay, I still get nervous with it. And therefore, some of the youngest students...you know how it always is, every new idea, it takes a generation or two until it becomes obvious that there's no real problem. It has not yet become obvious to me that there is no real problem. I cannot define the real problem, therefore I suspect there's no real problem, but I'm not sure there's no real problem.
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“il s’agit en quelque sorte d’une caractéristique de la simplicité de la nature.”
sur le fait qu'il existe de nombreuses manières de formuler une même théorie, Discours de réception du prix Nobel.
Citation rapportée
interview published in Superstrings: A Theory of Everything? (1988) edited by Paul C. W. Davies and Julian R. Brown, p. 193-194
from a public lecture, as quoted in David L. Goodstein, "Richard P. Feynman, Teacher," Physics Today, volume 42, number 2 (February 1989) p. 70-75, at p. 73
Republished in the "Special Preface" to Six Easy Pieces (1995), p. xxi.
Republished also in the "Special Preface" to the "definitive edition" of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, volume I, p. xiv.
Source: The Character of Physical Law (1965), chapter 1, “The Law of Gravitation,” p. 13: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j3mhkYbznBk&t=7m53s
"The Making of a Scientist," p. 19
What Do You Care What Other People Think? (1988)
“So far as we know, all the fundamental laws of physics, like Newton’s equations, are reversible.”
volume I; lecture 46, "Ratchet and Pawl"; section 46-5, "Order and entropy"; p. 46-8
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)
“The imagination of nature is far, far greater than the imagination of man.”
The Value of Science (1955)
volume III, "Feynman's Epilogue", p. 21-19 (closing sentence)
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)
from lecture "What is and What Should be the Role of Scientific Culture in Modern Society", given at the Galileo Symposium in Italy (1964)
The Pleasure of Finding Things Out (1999)
volume I; lecture 3, "The Relation of Physics to Other Sciences"; section 3-6, "Psychology"; p. 3-8
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)
“Energy is a very subtle concept. It is very, very difficult to get right.”
address " What is Science? http://www.fotuva.org/feynman/what_is_science.html", presented at the fifteenth annual meeting of the National Science Teachers Association, in New York City (1966), published in The Physics Teacher, volume 7, issue 6 (1969), p. 313-320
Source: No Ordinary Genius (1994), p. 82, from interview in "The Pleasure of Finding Things Out" (1981): video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEwUwWh5Xs4&t=24m55s
“Since then I never pay attention to anything by "experts". I calculate everything myself.”
After having been led astray on neutron-proton coupling by reports of "beta-decay experts".
Part 5: "The World of One Physicist", "The 7 Percent Solution", p. 255
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (1985)
“Do not read so much, look about you and think of what you see there.”
letter to Ashok Arora, 4 January 1967, published in Perfectly Reasonable Deviations from the Beaten Track (2005) p. 230
“The Quantum Universe has a quotation from me in every chapter — but it's a damn good book anyway.”
Review blurb for the first edition of The Quantum Universe http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521564573 (1987)
Source: The Character of Physical Law (1965), chapter 2, “The Relation of Mathematics to Physics,” p. 58
Source: QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (1985), p. 15
statement at hearing by Rogers Commission, 11 February 1986, Report of the PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, volume 4, p. 680 http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/v4part4.htm#4; also quoted in Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman (1992) by James Gleick, p. 423
The Value of Science (1955)
Contexte: We are at the very beginning of time for the human race. It is not unreasonable that we grapple with problems. But there are tens of thousands of years in the future. Our responsibility is to do what we can, learn what we can, improve the solutions, and pass them on.
... It is our responsibility to leave the people of the future a free hand. In the impetuous youth of humanity, we can make grave errors that can stunt our growth for a long time. This we will do if we say we have the answers now, so young and ignorant as we are. If we suppress all discussion, all criticism, proclaiming "This is the answer, my friends; man is saved!" we will doom humanity for a long time to the chains of authority, confined to the limits of our present imagination. It has been done so many times before.
... It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress which comes from a satisfactory philosophy of ignorance, the great progress which is the fruit of freedom of thought, to proclaim the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.
lecture II: "The Uncertainty of Values"
The Meaning of It All (1999)
volume I; lecture 1, "Atoms in Motion"; section 1-2, "Matter is made of atoms"; p. 1-2
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)
Video interview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lytxafTXg6c dated 1963
lecture II: "The Uncertainty of Values"
The Meaning of It All (1999)
how do I say that?"
"Well, you have to use a different word for 'solve,' " they say.
"Why?" I protested. "When I solve it, I do the same damn thing as when you solve it!"
"Well, yes, but it's a different word — it's more polite."
I gave up. I decided that wasn't the language for me, and stopped learning Japanese.
Part 5: "The World of One Physicist", "Would <U>You</U> Solve the Dirac Equation?", p. 245-246
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (1985)
lecture III: "This Unscientific Age"
The Meaning of It All (1999)
note (c. 1945), quoted in Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman (1992) by James Gleick, p. 204
Part 2: "The Princeton Years", "A Map of the Cat?", p. 70
Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! (1985)
That is the principle of science. If there is an exception to any rule, and if it can be proved by observation, that rule is wrong.
lecture I: "The Uncertainty of Science"
The Meaning of It All (1999)
“The "paradox" is only a conflict between reality and your feeling of what reality "ought to be."”
volume III; lecture 18, "Angular Momentum"; section 18-3, "The annihilation of positronium"; p. 18-9
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)
volume I; lecture 1, "Atoms in Motion"; section 1-2, "Matter is made of atoms"; p. 1-3
The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1964)