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Alexandre Issaïevitch Soljenitsyne , né le 11 décembre 1918 à Kislovodsk et mort le 3 août 2008 à Moscou, est un écrivain russe et dissident soviétique, auteur notamment d'Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch, de L'Archipel du Goulag et de La Roue rouge.

✵ 11. décembre 1918 – 3. août 2008   •   Autres noms Aleksandr Isaevič Solženicyn, Alexander Solženicyn, Aleksandr Isaevic Solzhenitsyn
Alexandre Soljenitsyne photo
Alexandre Soljenitsyne: 140   citations 1   J'aime

Alexandre Soljenitsyne citations célèbres

“Peu à peu, j'ai découvert que la ligne de partage entre le bien et le mal ne sépare ni les États ni les classes ni les partis, mais qu'elle traverse le cœur de chaque homme et de toute l'humanité.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

L’Archipel du Goulag

“L'international est une aberration, car "inter" signifie "entre" et entre les nations il n'y a aucune culture commune.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

“Quels sont vos rapports avec Alexandre Soljénitsyne?”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Sur Alexandre Soljénitsyne

“La Révolution française s'est déroulée au nom d'un slogan intrinsèquement contradictoire et irréalisable : liberté, égalité, fraternité. Mais dans la vie sociale, liberté et égalité tendent à s'exclure mutuellement, sont antagoniques l'une de l'autre! La liberté détruit l'égalité sociale - c'est même là un des rôles de la liberté -, tandis que l'égalité restreint la liberté, car, autrement, on ne saurait y atteindre. Quant à la fraternité, elle n'est pas de leur famille. Ce n'est qu'un aventureux ajout au slogan et ce ne sont pas des dispositions sociales qui peuvent faire la véritable fraternité. Elle est d'ordre spirituel.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

fr
À propos de la devise de la République française : Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité

“Le stalinisme n'a existé ni en théorie ni en pratique : on ne peut parler ni de phénomène stalinien, ni d'époque stalinienne, ces concepts ont été fabriqués après 1956 par la pensée occidentale de gauche pour garder les idéaux communistes.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

L'Erreur de l'Occident

“Et, avec tout cela, la presse est devenue la force la plus importante des États occidentaux, elle dépasse en puissance les pouvoirs exécutif, législatif et judiciaire. Pourtant, voyons : en vertu de quelle loi a-t-elle été élue et à qui rend-elle compte de son activité? Si, dans l'Est communiste, un journaliste est ouvertement nommé comme tout fonctionnaire — quels sont les électeurs de qui les journalistes occidentaux tiennent leur position prépondérante? Pour combien de temps l'occupent-ils et de quels pouvoirs sont-ils investis?”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le déclin du courage

Citations sur la vie de Alexandre Soljenitsyne

“Nous avions placé trop d'espoirs dans les transformations politico-sociales, et il se révèle qu'on nous enlève ce que nous avons de plus précieux : notre vie intérieure. À l'Est, c'est la foire du Parti qui la foule au pieds, à l'Ouest la foire du Commerce : ce qui est effrayant, ce n'est même pas le fait du monde éclaté, c'est que les principaux morceaux en sont atteints d'une maladie analogue.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le Déclin du courage

“Moi qui ai passé toute ma vie sous le communisme, j'affirme qu'une société où il n'existe pas de balance juridique impartiale est une chose horrible. Mais une société qui ne possède en tout et pour tout qu'une balance juridique n'est pas, elle non plus, vraiment digne de l'homme. Une société qui s'est installée sur le terrain de la loi, sans vouloir aller plus haut, n'utilise que faiblement les facultés les plus élevées de l'homme. Le droit est trop froid et trop formel pour exercer sur la société une influence bénéfique. Lorsque toute la vie est pénétrée de rapports juridiques, il se crée une atmosphère de médiocrité morale qui asphyxie les meilleurs élans de l'homme.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le Déclin du courage

“Le monde, aujourd'hui, est à la veille sinon de sa propre perte, du moins d'un tournant de l'Histoire qui ne le cède en rien en importance au tournant du Moyen Âge sur la Renaissance : ce tournant exigera de nous une flamme spirituelle, une montée vers une nouvelle hauteur de vues, vers un nouveau mode de vie où ne sera plus livrée à la malédiction, comme au Moyen Âge, notre nature physique, mais où ne sera pas non plus foulée aux pieds, comme dans l'ère moderne, notre nature spirituelle.

Cette montée est comparable au passage à un nouveau degré anthropologique. Personne, sur la Terre, n'a d'autre issue que d'aller toujours plus haut.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le Déclin du courage

“La devise de votre université est « Veritas ». Comme certains d'entre vous le savent déjà, et comme les autres l'apprendront au cours de leur vie, la Vérité commence à nous échapper à la seconde même où notre regard relâche sa tension, elle nous échappe en nous laissant l'illusion que nous continuons à la suivre. De très nombreuses dissensions viennent de là. Et il faut savoir aussi que la vérité est rarement douce au palais : elle est presque toujours amère.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le déclin du courage

“Dans la vie de chaque homme, il y a un événement qui le détermine tout entier, détermine aussi bien son destin que ses convictions et ses passions.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

L’Archipel du Goulag

Alexandre Soljenitsyne Citations

“La centrale, depuis deux mois, c'était rien qu'une carcasse grise toute seule dans la neige. Seulement la 104 était arrivée. Pour se donner du cœur à l'ouvrage, elle n'avait que des ventres vides ceinturés de serpillières serrées à bloc, un froid à pierre fendre, pas d'abri, même pas une étincelle pour en tirer du feu. N'empêche qu'elle était arrivée et, du coup, ça revivait.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne livre Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

Cœur

“Il parle une langue qui n'exige aucune tension d'esprit. Une discussion avec lui est un voyage à pied dans le désert.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

L’Archipel du Goulag

voyages

“Ici, les gars, la loi… c'est la taïga. Mais, même ici, on vit. Ceux qui ne font pas de vieux os, au camp, c'est les lèche-gamelles, c'est ceux qui comptent sur l'infirmerie, c'est ceux qui vont frapper à la porte du grand patron.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne livre Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

loi , gars

“Une âme humaine accablée par plusieurs dizaines d'années de violence aspire à quelques chose de plus haut, de plus chaud, de plus pur que ce que peut aujourd'hui lui proposer l'existence de masse en occident que viennent annoncer, telle une carte de visite, l'écœurante pression de la publicité, l'abrutissement de la télévision et une musique insupportable.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le Déclin du courage

musique , âme

“Le déclin du courage est peut-être ce qui frappe le plus un regard étranger dans l'Occident d'aujourd'hui. Le courage civique a déserté non seulement le monde occidental dans son ensemble, mais même chacun des pays qui le composent, chacun de ses gouvernements, chacun de ses partis, ainsi que, bien entendu, l'Organisation des Nations Unies. Ce déclin du courage est particulièrement sensible dans la couche dirigeante et dans la couche intellectuelle dominante, d'où l'impression que le courage a déserté la société toute entière.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Le déclin du courage

courage , pays , monde

“De même qu'une bicyclette, de même qu'une roue, une fois lancées, ne peuvent demeurer stables que dans le mouvement et tombent dès qu'elles en sont privées, ainsi en va-t-il du jeu entre un homme et une femme : une fois commencé, il ne peut subsister que s'il se développe. Or, si aujourd'hui n'est pas en progrès sur hier, il n'y a plus de jeu.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne livre Le Pavillon des cancéreux

Cancer Ward

“Historiquement, il est probable que l'inflexion qui s'est produite à la Renaissance était inévitable. Le Moyen Age en était venu naturellement à l'épuisement, en raison d'une répression intolérable de la nature charnelle de l'homme en faveur de sa nature spirituelle. Mais en s'écartant de l'esprit, l'homme s'empara de tout ce qui est matériel, avec excès et sans mesure. La pensée humaniste, qui s'est proclamée notre guide, n'admettait pas l'existence d'un mal intrinsèque en l'homme, et ne voyait pas de tâche plus noble que d'atteindre le bonheur sur terre. Voilà qui engagea la civilisation occidentale moderne naissante sur la pente dangereuse de l'adoration de l'homme et de ses besoins matériels. Tout ce qui se trouvait au-delà du bien-être physique et de l'accumulation de biens matériels, tous les autres besoins humains, caractéristiques d'une nature subtile et élevée, furent rejetés hors du champ d'intérêt de l'Etat et du système social, comme si la vie n'avait pas un sens plus élevé. De la sorte, des failles furent laissées ouvertes pour que s'y engouffre le mal, et son haleine putride souffle librement aujourd'hui. Plus de liberté en soi ne résout pas le moins du monde l'intégralité des problèmes humains, et même en ajoute un certain nombre de nouveaux”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne
Sens

“Le travail est notre perte, mais la seule façon de na pas périr passe également par le travail.”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

Contestable philosophie, certainement. Il serait plus sûr de répondre : ne m'apprends pas à périr à ta façon, laisse moi périr à la mienne. Seulement, voilà, de toute façon ils ne vous laisseront pas…
L’Archipel du Goulag

perte

“Une patrie qui a trahi ses soldats, est-ce vraiment la Patrie?”

Alexandre Soljenitsyne

L’Archipel du Goulag

Alexandre Soljenitsyne: Citations en anglais

“Untouched by the breath of God, unrestricted by human conscience, both capitalism and socialism are repulsive.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

In his interview with Joseph Pearce. " An Interview with Alexander Solzhenitsyn http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/arts/al0172.html." St. Austin Review 2 no. 2 (February, 2003).
Interview with Joseph Pearce, Sr. (2003)

“The disappearance of nations would impoverish us no less than if all peoples were made alike, with one character, one face. Nations are the wealth of mankind, they are its generalized personalities: the smallest of them has its own particular colors, and embodies a particular facet of God's design.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“If only there were evil people somewhere insidiously committing evil deeds, and it were necessary only to separate them from the rest of us and destroy them. But the line dividing good and evil cuts through the heart of every human being. And who is willing to destroy a piece of his own heart?”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre The Gulag Archipelago

The Gulag Archipelago (1973).

“I am of course confident that I will fulfil my tasks as a writer in all circumstances — from my grave even more successfully and more irrefutably than in my lifetime. No one can bar the road to truth, and to advance its cause I am prepared to accept even death. But may it be that repeated lessons will finally teach us not to stop the writer’s pen during his lifetime? At no time has this ennobled our history.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Open letter to the Fourth Soviet Writers’ Congress (16 May 1967); as translated in Solzhenitsyn: A Documentary Record (1970) edited by Leopold Labedz (1970).

“From time immemorial man has been made in such a way that his vision of the world, so long as it has not been instilled under hypnosis, his motivations and scale of values, his actions and intentions are determined by his personal and group experience of life.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)

“A work of art bears within itself its own verification: conceptions which are devised or stretched do not stand being portrayed in images, they all come crashing down, appear sickly and pale, convince no one. But those works of art which have scooped up the truth and presented it to us as a living force — they take hold of us, compel us, and nobody ever, not even in ages to come, will appear to refute them.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)

“Call no day happy 'til it is done; call no man happy til he is dead.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre The Oak and the Calf

Solzhenitsyn here seems to be paraphrasing Sophocles who expresses similar ideas in Oedipus Rex. This is also a direct reference to Plutarch's line, "call no man fortunate until he is dead," from his "Parallel Lives".
The Oak and the Calf (1975)

“A man should build a house with his own hands before he calls himself an engineer.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)

“A man with two trades to his credit can easily learn another ten.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre Une journée d'Ivan Denissovitch

One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962)

“Without any censorship, in the West fashionable trends of thought and ideas are carefully separated from those which are not fashionable; nothing is forbidden, but what is not fashionable will hardly ever find its way into periodicals or books or be heard in colleges. Legally your researchers are free, but they are conditioned by the fashion of the day. There is no open violence such as in the East; however, a selection dictated by fashion and the need to match mass standards frequently prevent independent-minded people from giving their contribution to public life. There is a dangerous tendency to form a herd, shutting off successful development.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“Ivanov came to quite the same conclusion, though life supplied him with quite different material to think about. He puts it like this: many lives have a mystical sense, but not everyone reads it right; more often than not it is given to us in cryptic form, and when we fail to decipher it we despair because our lives seem meaningless… the secret of a great life is often a man’s success in deciphering the mysterious symbols vouchsafed to him, understanding them, and so learning to walk in the true path.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre The Oak and the Calf

The Oak and the Calf (1975)

“There is a word very commonly used these days: "anti-communism." It's a very stupid word, badly put together. It makes it appear as though communism were something original, something basic, something fundamental. Therefore, it is taken as the point of departure, and anti-communism is defined in relation to communism. Here is why I say that this word was poorly selected, that it was put together by people who do not understand etymology: the primary, the eternal concept is humanity. And communism is anti-humanity. Whoever says "anti-communism" is saying, in effect, anti-anti-humanity. A poor construction. So we should say: that which is against communism is for humanity. Not to accept, to reject this inhuman Communist ideology is simply to be a human being. It isn't being a member of a party.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Speech in Washington D.C., June 30, 1975; Solzhenitsyn: The Voice of Freedom http://www.archive.org/details/SolzhenitsynTheVoiceOfFreedom, p. 30.

“Socialism of any type leads to a total destruction of the human spirit and to a leveling of mankind into death.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“I can say without affectation that I belong to the Russian convict world no less … than I do to Russian literature. I got my education there, and it will last forever.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn livre The Oak and the Calf

The Oak and the Calf (1975)

“However, the most cruel mistake occurred with the failure to understand the Vietnam war. Some people sincerely wanted all wars to stop just as soon as possible; others believed that there should be room for national, or communist, self-determination in Vietnam, or in Cambodia, as we see today with particular clarity. But members of the U. S. anti-war movement wound up being involved in the betrayal of Far Eastern nations, in a genocide and in the suffering today imposed on 30 million people there. Do those convinced pacifists hear the moans coming from there? Do they understand their responsibility today? Or do they prefer not to hear?”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“Proverbs about truth are well-loved in Russian. They give steady and sometimes striking expression to the not inconsiderable harsh national experience: ONE WORD OF TRUTH SHALL OUTWEIGH THE WHOLE WORLD.
And it is here, on an imaginary fantasy, a breach of the principle of the conservation of mass and energy, that I base both my own activity and my appeal to the writers of the whole world.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)

“One artist sees himself as the creator of an independent spiritual world; he hoists onto his shoulders the task of creating this world, of peopling it and of bearing the all-embracing responsibility for it; but he crumples beneath it, for a mortal genius is not capable of bearing such a burden. Just as man in general, having declared himself the centre of existence, has not succeeded in creating a balanced spiritual system. And if misfortune overtakes him, he casts the blame upon the age-long disharmony of the world, upon the complexity of today's ruptured soul, or upon the stupidity of the public.
Another artist, recognizing a higher power above, gladly works as a humble apprentice beneath God's heaven; then, however, his responsbility for everything that is written or drawn, for the souls which perceive his work, is more exacting than ever. But, in return, it is not he who has created this world, not he who directs it, there is no doubt as to its foundations; the artist has merely to be more keenly aware than others of the harmony of the world, of the beauty and ugliness of the human contribution to it, and to communicate this acutely to his fellow-men. And in misfortune, and even at the depths of existence — in destitution, in prison, in sickness — his sense of stable harmony never deserts him.
But all the irrationality of art, its dazzling turns, its unpredictable discoveries, its shattering influence on human beings — they are too full of magic to be exhausted by this artist's vision of the world, by his artistic conception or by the work of his unworthy fingers.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)

“If one looks far into the future, one can foresee in the 21st century such a time when the U.S. together with Europe will be in dire need of Russia as an ally.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on Ukraine (May 1994)

“If one recalls the tactless declaration of President Bush about supporting Ukrainian sovereignty even before the referendum on that matter, one must conclude that all this stems from a common aim: to use all means possible, no matter what the consequences, to weaken Russia.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on Ukraine (May 1994)

“Why does the (U.S.) State Department decide who should get Sevastopol?”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on Ukraine (May 1994)

“Russia today is terribly sick... But even so, have a conscience and don’t demand that–just to please America–Russia throw away the last vestiges of her concern for her security and her unprecedented collapse. After all, this concern in no way threatens the United States.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on Ukraine (May 1994)

“Imagine that one not very fine day two or three of your states in the Southwest, in the space of 24 hours, declare themselves independent of the U.S... declare themselves a fully sovereign nation, decreeing that Spanish will be the only language. All English-speaking residents, even if their ancestors have lived there for 200 years, have to take a test in the Spanish language within one or two years and swear allegiance... Otherwise they will not receive citizenship and be deprived of... (their) rights. Today Russia faces precisely this scenario.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on Ukraine (May 1994)

“Imagine that one not very fine day two or three of your states in the Southwest, in the space of 24 hours, declare themselves independent of the U.S.... declare themselves a fully sovereign nation, decreeing that Spanish will be the only language. All English-speaking residents, even if their ancestors have lived there for 200 years, have to take a test in the Spanish language within one or two years and swear allegiance to the new nation. Otherwise they will not receive citizenship and be deprived of civic, property and employment rights. What would be the reaction of the United States? I have no doubt that it would be immediate military intervention. Today Russia faces precisely this scenario.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Interview With Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn on the New Russia and Ukraine (May 1994)

“War is the price we pay for living in a state. Before you can abolish war you will have to abolish all states. But that is unthinkable until the propensity to violence and evil is rooted out of human beings.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn The Red Wheel

"Father Severyan", in November 1916: The Red Wheel: Knot II (1984; translation 1999).
Contexte: At no time has the world been without war. Not in seven or ten or twenty thousand years. Neither the wisest of leaders, nor the noblest of kings, nor yet the Church — none of them has been able to stop it. And don't succumb to the facile belief that wars will be stopped by hotheaded socialists. Or that rational and just wars can be sorted out from the rest. There will always be thousands of thousands to whom even such a war will be senseless and unjustified. Quite simply, no state can live without war, that is one of the state's essential functions. … War is the price we pay for living in a state. Before you can abolish war you will have to abolish all states. But that is unthinkable until the propensity to violence and evil is rooted out of human beings. The state was created to protect us from evil. In ordinary life thousands of bad impulses, from a thousand foci of evil, move chaotically, randomly, against the vulnerable. The state is called upon to check these impulses — but it generates others of its own, still more powerful, and this time one-directional. At times it throws them all in a single direction — and that is war.

“I believe that world literature has it in its power to help mankind, in these its troubled hours, to see itself as it really is, notwithstanding the indoctrinations of prejudiced people and parties.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)
Contexte: I believe that world literature has it in its power to help mankind, in these its troubled hours, to see itself as it really is, notwithstanding the indoctrinations of prejudiced people and parties. World literature has it in its power to convey condensed experience from one land to another so that we might cease to be split and dazzled, that the different scales of values might be made to agree, and one nation learn correctly and concisely the true history of another with such strength of recognition and painful awareness as it had itself experienced the same, and thus might it be spared from repeating the same cruel mistakes.

“Mankind has become one, but not steadfastly one as communities or even nations used to be; not united through years of mutual experience, neither through possession of a single eye, affectionately called crooked, nor yet through a common native language, but, surpassing all barriers, through international broadcasting and print. An avalanche of events descends upon us — in one minute half the world hears of their splash. But the yardstick by which to measure those events and to evaluate them in accordance with the laws of unfamiliar parts of the world — this is not and cannot be conveyed via soundwaves and in newspaper columns. For these yardsticks were matured and assimilated over too many years of too specific conditions in individual countries and societies; they cannot be exchanged in mid-air. In the various parts of the world men apply their own hard-earned values to events, and they judge stubbornly, confidently, only according to their own scales of values and never according to any others.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nobel lecture (1970)

“Should someone ask me whether I would indicate the West such as it is today as a model to my country, frankly I would have to answer negatively. No, I could not recommend your society in its present state as an ideal for the transformation of ours.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“It is almost always impossible to evaluate at the time events which you have already experienced, and to understand their meaning with the guidance of their effects. All the more unpredictable and surprising to us will be the course of future events.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Autobiographical sketch (1970), at Nobelprize.org http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1970/solzhenitsyn-autobio.html

“I have spent all my life under a Communist regime, and I will tell you that a society without any objective legal scale is a terrible one indeed. But a society with no other scale but the legal one is not quite worthy of man either.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

“On the way from the Renaissance to our days we have enriched our experience, but we have lost the concept of a Supreme Complete Entity which used to restrain our passions and our irresponsibility. We have placed too much hope in political and social reforms, only to find out that we were being deprived of our most precious possession: our spiritual life. In the East, it is destroyed by the dealings and machinations of the ruling party. In the West, commercial interests tend to suffocate it. This is the real crisis. The split in the world is less terrible than the similarity of the disease plaguing its main sections.”

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Harvard University address (1978)

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