attain targets while satisfying constraints 
Simon (1997, p. 17); As cited in: Gustavo Barros (2010, p. 460). 
1980s and later
                                    
“The measure of information to be developed here will also be related to freedom of choice; that is, it will be a function of the probabilities of choice associated with the alternative courses of action… The measure developed here is a function of m, the number of alternative potential courses of action.”
Source: 1970s, On purposeful systems., 1972, p. 145, as cited in: Galjaard (2009, p. 89): About the information-concept of Ackoff.
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                                Russell L. Ackoff 70
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                                Source: "Relevance of laboratory experiments to testing resource allocation theory," 1980, p. 346.