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Thomas Carlyle cytaty
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Thomas Carlyle , szkocki pisarz społeczny, historyk i filozof historii, propagator i współtwórca specyficznej historiozofii zwanej heroizmem. Bardzo wpływowy w czasach wiktoriańskich, oddziałał też szeroko na myśl prawicową.

Poślubił Jane Baillie Welsh , od r. 1865 był rektorem uniwersytetu w Edynburgu. Rewolucyjnym i zgorzkniałym nastrojom epoki Byrona przeciwstawił ewangelię wypełniania swego obowiązku, opowiadając się za reformami społecznymi i organizacją pracy. Niwelacyjnej sile tendencji demokratycznych przeciwstawił kult herosów. W walce przeciwko mechanicznemu poglądowi na świat, uwielbieniu większości i utylitaryzmowi wysuwał jako istotną treść życia rozwój najwyższych, ponadindywidualnych wartości człowieka. W społeczeństwie i państwie ci tylko rządzić powinni, którzy czują w sobie przemożny pęd do władzy. Carlyle jednak powodzenie woli zmierzającej do potęgi utożsamiał z jej usprawiedliwieniem, brał je za dowód idealizmu zwróconego stale ku celom ponad osobowym, i w tym leży słabość i niebezpieczeństwo jego nauki, wywodzącej się ze szkockiego purytanizmu i idealizmu niemieckiego. Politycznie odegrał dużą rolę jako teoretyk imperializmu, podejmujący ideę misji dziejowej narodu angielskiego, która objąć ma świat cały. Z pism Carlyle wymienić należy przede wszystkim rozważania filozoficzno-historyczne „Bohaterowie. Cześć dla bohaterów i pierwiastek bohaterstwa w historii” , dzieła o rewolucji francuskiej, o Fryderyku II. pruskim. Jego „Sartora Resartusa, życie i zdania Pana Teufelsdröckha” przeł. Sygurd Wiśniowski .

Pod wpływem fascynacji niemieckim romantyzmem porzucił kalwinizm. Jego dług wobec filozofii romantycznej widoczny jest w tłumaczeniu Lat nauki Wilhelma Meistra Goethego i książce Life of Schiller. Z romantyzmu Carlyle czerpie przede wszystkim daleko posunięty indywidualizm .

Podstawowym tematem myśli Carlyle'a jest heros, jednostka wybitna, górująca nad masami siłą aktywności życiowej, przede wszystkim moralnej. W podkreśleniu właśnie przewagi moralnej a nie np. intelektualnej herosa widoczny jest wpływ purytanizmu. Mimo to Carlyle antycypuje antropologię Nietzschego.

Germanofil. Zagorzały miłośnik Fryderyka Wielkiego, a także autor jego historii .

Wydaje się, że specyficzna maniera jego umysłowości wywarła znaczny wpływ na formy współczesnej kultury masowej, np. powieść fantasy czy kino akcji. Jego wpływ na myśl prawicową to przede wszystkim widoczny w niej opór wobec myśli Karola Marksa, że byt określa świadomość, jako że heros Carlyle'a może i musi walczyć z naporem generowanych przez naturę i poddany jej motłoch treści, w heroistycznym języku określanych jako potwory.

Stąd historiozofia Carlyle'a nie uznaje żadnych praw dziejowych, w szczególności deterministycznych praw ekonomii, a historię przedstawia na płaszczyślie kosmologicznej jako sekwencję powtarzalnych walk wybitnych jednostek ze złem .

Zobacz też: heroizm, elitaryzm, filozofia historii, antydemokratyzm, kontrrewolucja.



✵ 4. Grudzień 1795 – 5. Luty 1881  •  Natępne imiona Томас Карлайл
Thomas Carlyle Fotografia
Thomas Carlyle: 494 cytaty6 Polubień

Thomas Carlyle słynne cytaty

„Staraj się zostać uczciwym człowiekiem – zyskasz dzięki temu pewność, że na świecie jest o jednego drania mniej.”

Thomas Carlyle

Źródło: Wielka księga mądrości, wybór Jacek i Tomasz Ilga

„Kim się stajemy, zależy od tego, co czytamy, kiedy zakończymy już standardową edukację. Najlepszym uniwersytetem ze wszystkich jest kolekcja książek.”

Thomas Carlyle

Thomas Carlyle cytaty

„Naszym głównym celem nie powinno być wypatrywanie tego, co odległe i niewyraźne, lecz czynienie tego, co leży w zasięgu naszej ręki.”

Thomas Carlyle

„Kapitanowie przemysłu.”

Thomas Carlyle książka Past and Present

Captains of Industry. (ang.)
Źródło: Przeszłość i teraźniejszość (ang. Past and Present) 4, 4

„Słowa przynależą do czasu, milczenie do wieczności.”

Thomas Carlyle

„Przyroda nie znosi kłamstwa.”

Thomas Carlyle

„Szczęśliwi ludzie, których dzieje nie wypełniają podręczników historii.”

Thomas Carlyle

Happy the people whose annals are blank in history books! (ang.)

Thomas Carlyle: Cytaty po angielsku

“I take the liberty of asserting that there is one valid reason, and only one, for either punishing a man or rewarding him in this world; one reason, which ancient piety could well define: That you may do the will and commandment of God with regard to him; that you may do justice to him. This is your one true aim in respect of him; aim thitherward, with all your heart and all your strength and all your soul, thitherward, and not elsewhither at all! This aim is true, and will carry you to all earthly heights and benefits, and beyond the stars and Heavens. All other aims are purblind, illegitimate, untrue; and will never carry you beyond the shop-counter, nay very soon will prove themselves incapable of maintaining you even there. Find out what the Law of God is with regard to a man; make that your human law, or I say it will be ill with you, and not well!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Model Prisons (March 1, 1850)

“Wonder is the basis of worship.”

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Thomas Carlyle

Bk. I, ch. 10.
1830s, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834)

“The "imagination that shudders at the Hell of Dante," is not that the same faculty, weaker in degree, as Dante's own? No one but Shakspeare can embody, out of Saxo Grammaticus, the story of Hamlet as Shakspeare did: but every one models some kind of story out of it; every one embodies it better or worse. We need not spend time in defining. Where there is no specific difference, as between round and square, all definition must be more or less arbitrary. A man that has so much more of the poetic element developed in him as to have become noticeable, will be called Poet by his neighbors.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Poet

“There is endless merit in a man's knowing when to have done.”

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Thomas Carlyle

Dr. Francia (1845).
1820s, Critical and Miscellaneous Essays (1827–1855)

“Aesop's Fly, sitting on the axle of the chariot, has been much laughed at for exclaiming: What a dust I do raise!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1830s, Boswell's Life of Johnson (1832)

“To such a one, already filled with intellectual substance, and possessing what we may call the practical gold-bullion of human culture, it was an obvious improvement that he should be taught to speak it out of him on occasion; that he should carry a spiritual banknote producible on demand for what of "gold-bullion" he had, not so negotiable otherwise, stored in the cellars of his mind. A man, with wisdom, insight and heroic worth already acquired for him, naturally demanded of the schoolmaster this one new faculty, the faculty of uttering in fit words what he had. A valuable superaddition of faculty:—and yet we are to remember it was scarcely a new faculty; it was but the tangible sign of what other faculties the man had in the silent state.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Stump Orator (May 1, 1850)

“He thinks that Hero-worship, done differently in every different epoch of the world, is the soul of all social business among men; that the doing of it well, or the doing of it ill, measures accurately what degree of well-being or of ill- being there is in the world's affairs. He thinks that we, on the whole, do our Hero-worship worse than any Nation in this world ever did it before: that the Burns an Exciseman, the Byron a Literary Lion, are intrinsically, all things considered, a baser and falser phenomenon than the Odin a God, the Mahomet a Prophet of God. It is this Editor's clear opinion, accordingly, that we must learn to do our Hero-worship better; that to do it better and better, means the awakening of the Nation's soul from its asphyxia, and the return of blessed life to us,—Heaven's blessed life, not Mammon's galvanic accursed one. To resuscitate the Asphyxied, apparently now moribund, and in the last agony if not resuscitated: such and no other seems the consummation. 'Hero-worship,' if you will,—yes, friends; but, first of all, by being ourselves of heroic mind.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“Every noble crown is, and on earth will forever be, a crown of thorns.”

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Thomas Carlyle

Bk. III, ch. 7.
1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“Man, little as he may suppose it, is necessitated to obey superiors. He is a social being in virtue of this necessity; nay he could not be gregarious otherwise. He obeys those whom he esteems better than himself, wiser, braver; and will forever obey such; and even be ready and delighted to do it.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“I will remark again, however, as a fact not unimportant to be understood, that the different sphere constitutes the grand origin of such distinction; that the Hero can be Poet, Prophet, King, Priest or what you will, according to the kind of world he finds himself born into. I confess, I have no notion of a truly great man that could not be all sorts of men.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

“"Schiller", first published in Fraser's Magazine”

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Thomas Carlyle

1831
1820s, Critical and Miscellaneous Essays (1827–1855)

“The latest Gospel in this world is, Know thy work and do it. 'Know thyself:' long enough has that poor 'self' of thine tormented thee; thou wilt never get to 'know' it, I believe! Think it not thy business, this of knowing thyself; thou art an unknowable individual: know what thou canst work at; and work at it, like a Hercules! That will be thy better plan.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“I care little about the sword: I will allow a thing to struggle for itself in this world, with any sword or tongue or implement it has, or can lay hold of. We will let it preach, and pamphleteer, and fight, and to the uttermost bestir itself, and do, beak and claws, whatsoever is in it; very sure that it will, in the long-run, conquer nothing which does not deserve to be conquered. What is better than itself, it cannot put away, but only what is worse. In this great Duel, Nature herself is umpire, and can do no wrong: the thing which is deepest-rooted in Nature, what we call truest, that thing and not the other will be found growing at last.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

“Sure enough, America is a great, and in many respects a blessed and hopeful phenomenon. Sure enough, these hardy millions of Anglo-Saxon men prove themselves worthy of their genealogy; and, with the axe and plough and hammer, if not yet with any much finer kind of implements, are triumphantly clearing out wide spaces, seedfields for the sustenance and refuge of mankind, arenas for the future history of the world; doing, in their day and generation, a creditable and cheering feat under the sun. But as to a Model Republic, or a model anything, the wise among themselves know too well that there is nothing to be said.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), The Present Time (February 1, 1850)

“The inventive genius of great England will not forever sit patient with mere wheels and pinions, bobbins, straps and billy-rollers whirring in the head of it. The inventive genius of England is not a Beaver's, or a Spinner's or Spider's genius: it is a Man's genius, I hope, with a God over him!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“Mahomet himself, after all that can be said about him, was not a sensual man. We shall err widely if we consider this man as a common voluptuary, intent mainly on base enjoyments, — nay on enjoyments of any kind. His household was of the frugalest; his common diet barley-bread and water: sometimes for months there was not a fire once lighted on his hearth. They record with just pride that he would mend his own shoes, patch his own cloak. A poor, hard-toiling, ill-provided man; careless of what vulgar men toil for.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

“I called it a small light shining and shaping in the huge vortex of Norse darkness. Yet the darkness itself was alive; consider that. It was the eager inarticulate uninstructed Mind of the whole Norse People, longing only to become articulate, to go on articulating ever farther!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Divinity

“"A fair day's wages for a fair day's work": it is as just a demand as governed men ever made of governing. It is the everlasting right of man.”

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Thomas Carlyle

Bk. I, ch. 3.
1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“it is always a genial laughter. Not at mere weakness, at misery or poverty; never. No man who can laugh, what we call laughing, will laugh at these things. It is some poor character only desiring to laugh, and have the credit of wit, that does so. Laughter means sympathy.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Poet

“For, in fact, I say the degree of vision that dwells in a man is a correct measure of the man. If called to define Shakspeare's faculty, I should say superiority of Intellect, and think I had included all under that. What indeed are faculties? We talk of faculties as if they were distinct, things separable; as if a man had intellect, imagination, fancy, &c., as he has hands, feet and arms. That is a capital error. Then again, we hear of a man's "intellectual nature," and of his "moral nature," as if these again were divisible, and existed apart. Necessities of language do perhaps prescribe such forms of utterance; we must speak, I am aware, in that way, if we are to speak at all. But words ought not to harden into things for us. It seems to me, our apprehension of this matter is, for most part, radically falsified thereby. We ought to know withal, and to keep forever in mind, that these divisions are at bottom but names; that man's spiritual nature, the vital Force which dwells in him, is essentially one and indivisible; that what we call imagination, fancy, understanding, and so forth, are but different figures of the same Power of Insight, all indissolubly connected with each other, physiognomically related; that if we knew one of them, we might know all of them. Morality itself, what we call the moral quality of a man, what is this but another side of the one vital Force whereby he is and works? All that a man does is physiognomical of him. You may see how a man would fight, by the way in which he sings; his courage, or want of courage, is visible in the word he utters, in the opinion he has formed, no less than in the stroke he strikes. He is one; and preaches the same Self abroad in all these ways.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Poet

“Speech is human, silence is divine, yet also brutish and dead: therefore we must learn both arts.”

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Thomas Carlyle

Notebooks (1830).
1830s

“Find in any country the Ablest Man that exists there; raise him to the supreme place, and loyally reverence him: you have a perfect government for that country; no ballot-box, parliamentary eloquence, voting, constitution-building, or other machinery whatsoever can improve it a whit.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero As King

“Yes, truly, it is a great thing for a Nation that it get an articulate voice; that it produce a man who will speak forth melodiously what the heart of it means!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Poet

“The seeing eye! It is this that discloses the inner harmony of things; what Nature meant, what musical idea Nature has wrapped up in these often rough embodiments. Something she did mean. To the seeing eye that something were discernible. Are they base, miserable things? You can laugh over them, you can weep over them; you can in some way or other genially relate yourself to them; — you can, at lowest, hold your peace about them, turn away your own and others' face from them, till the hour come for practically exterminating and extinguishing them!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Poet

“Certainly the Art of Writing is the most miraculous of all things man has devised.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Man of Letters

“No man lives without jostling and being jostled; in all ways he has to elbow himself through the world, giving and receiving offense.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1830s, Sir Walter Scott (1838)

“Blessed is the healthy nature; it is the coherent, sweetly co-operative, not incoherent, self-distracting, self-destructive one!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1830s, Sir Walter Scott (1838)

“Burke said there were Three Estates in Parliament; but, in the Reporter's Gallery yonder, there sat a Fourth Estate more important far than they all.”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Man of Letters

“He has now a second far greater success to gain: to seek out his real superiors, whom not the Tailor but the Almighty God has made superior to him, and see a little what he will do with these! Rebel against these also? Pass by with minatory eagle-glance, with calm-sniffing mockery, or even without any mockery or sniff, when these present themselves? The lion-hearted will never dream of such a thing. Forever far be it from him! His minatory eagle-glance will veil itself in softness of the dove: his lion- heart will become a lamb's; all is just indignation changed into just reverence, dissolved in blessed floods of noble humble love, how much heavenlier than any pride, nay, if you will, how much prouder!”

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Thomas Carlyle

1840s, Past and Present (1843)

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