Thomas Carlyle cytaty
strona 11

Thomas Carlyle , szkocki pisarz społeczny, historyk i filozof historii, propagator i współtwórca specyficznej historiozofii zwanej heroizmem. Bardzo wpływowy w czasach wiktoriańskich, oddziałał też szeroko na myśl prawicową.

Poślubił Jane Baillie Welsh , od r. 1865 był rektorem uniwersytetu w Edynburgu. Rewolucyjnym i zgorzkniałym nastrojom epoki Byrona przeciwstawił ewangelię wypełniania swego obowiązku, opowiadając się za reformami społecznymi i organizacją pracy. Niwelacyjnej sile tendencji demokratycznych przeciwstawił kult herosów. W walce przeciwko mechanicznemu poglądowi na świat, uwielbieniu większości i utylitaryzmowi wysuwał jako istotną treść życia rozwój najwyższych, ponadindywidualnych wartości człowieka. W społeczeństwie i państwie ci tylko rządzić powinni, którzy czują w sobie przemożny pęd do władzy. Carlyle jednak powodzenie woli zmierzającej do potęgi utożsamiał z jej usprawiedliwieniem, brał je za dowód idealizmu zwróconego stale ku celom ponad osobowym, i w tym leży słabość i niebezpieczeństwo jego nauki, wywodzącej się ze szkockiego purytanizmu i idealizmu niemieckiego. Politycznie odegrał dużą rolę jako teoretyk imperializmu, podejmujący ideę misji dziejowej narodu angielskiego, która objąć ma świat cały. Z pism Carlyle wymienić należy przede wszystkim rozważania filozoficzno-historyczne „Bohaterowie. Cześć dla bohaterów i pierwiastek bohaterstwa w historii” , dzieła o rewolucji francuskiej, o Fryderyku II. pruskim. Jego „Sartora Resartusa, życie i zdania Pana Teufelsdröckha” przeł. Sygurd Wiśniowski .

Pod wpływem fascynacji niemieckim romantyzmem porzucił kalwinizm. Jego dług wobec filozofii romantycznej widoczny jest w tłumaczeniu Lat nauki Wilhelma Meistra Goethego i książce Life of Schiller. Z romantyzmu Carlyle czerpie przede wszystkim daleko posunięty indywidualizm .

Podstawowym tematem myśli Carlyle'a jest heros, jednostka wybitna, górująca nad masami siłą aktywności życiowej, przede wszystkim moralnej. W podkreśleniu właśnie przewagi moralnej a nie np. intelektualnej herosa widoczny jest wpływ purytanizmu. Mimo to Carlyle antycypuje antropologię Nietzschego.

Germanofil. Zagorzały miłośnik Fryderyka Wielkiego, a także autor jego historii .

Wydaje się, że specyficzna maniera jego umysłowości wywarła znaczny wpływ na formy współczesnej kultury masowej, np. powieść fantasy czy kino akcji. Jego wpływ na myśl prawicową to przede wszystkim widoczny w niej opór wobec myśli Karola Marksa, że byt określa świadomość, jako że heros Carlyle'a może i musi walczyć z naporem generowanych przez naturę i poddany jej motłoch treści, w heroistycznym języku określanych jako potwory.

Stąd historiozofia Carlyle'a nie uznaje żadnych praw dziejowych, w szczególności deterministycznych praw ekonomii, a historię przedstawia na płaszczyślie kosmologicznej jako sekwencję powtarzalnych walk wybitnych jednostek ze złem .

Zobacz też: heroizm, elitaryzm, filozofia historii, antydemokratyzm, kontrrewolucja.

✵ 4. Grudzień 1795 – 5. Luty 1881  •  Natępne imiona Томас Карлайл

Thomas Carlyle Fotografia

Thomas Carlyle: 494 cytaty6 Polubień

Thomas Carlyle słynne cytaty

„Staraj się zostać uczciwym człowiekiem – zyskasz dzięki temu pewność, że na świecie jest o jednego drania mniej.”

Źródło: Wielka księga mądrości, wybór Jacek i Tomasz Ilga

„Kim się stajemy, zależy od tego, co czytamy, kiedy zakończymy już standardową edukację. Najlepszym uniwersytetem ze wszystkich jest kolekcja książek.”

„Rewolucja francuska to najstraszliwsza rzecz, jaką zrodził Czas.”

„W śmiechu jest klucz, którym jesteśmy w stanie rozszyfrować całego człowieka.”

„Nie mam aspiracji, żeby zrozumieć Wszechświat – on jest o wiele większy ode mnie.”

„Historia świata nie jest niczym innym jak biografią wielkich ludzi.”

Thomas Carlyle cytaty

„Naszym głównym celem nie powinno być wypatrywanie tego, co odległe i niewyraźne, lecz czynienie tego, co leży w zasięgu naszej ręki.”

„Kapitanowie przemysłu.”

Thomas Carlyle książka Past and Present

Captains of Industry. (ang.)
Źródło: Przeszłość i teraźniejszość (ang. Past and Present) 4, 4

„Słowa przynależą do czasu, milczenie do wieczności.”

„Przyroda nie znosi kłamstwa.”

„Szczęśliwi ludzie, których dzieje nie wypełniają podręczników historii.”

Happy the people whose annals are blank in history books! (ang.)

„Wielki człowiek pokazuje swoją wielkość przez sposób, w jaki traktuje maluczkich.”

„Naucz papugę, co to jest podaż i popyt, a otrzymasz ekonomistę.”

Thomas Carlyle: Cytaty po angielsku

“The highest ensign that men ever met and embraced under, the Cross itself, had no meaning save an accidental extrinsic one.”

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Bk. III, ch. 3.
1830s, Sartor Resartus (1833–1834)

“To reconcile Despotism with Freedom:—well, is that such a mystery? Do you not already know the way? It is to make your Despotism just. Rigorous as Destiny; but just too, as Destiny and its Laws. The Laws of God: all men obey these, and have no 'Freedom' at all but in obeying them. The way is already known, part of the way;—and courage and some qualities are needed for walking on it!”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“If we read History with any degree of thoughtfulness, we shall find that checks and balances of Profit and Loss have never been the grand agents with men, that they have never been roused into deep, thorough, all-pervading efforts by any computable prospect of Profit and Loss, for any visible, finite object; but always for some invisible and infinite one.”

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1820s, Signs of the Times (1829)

“Why not? What is to hinder this Samson from governing? There is in him what far transcends all apprenticeships; in the man himself there exists a model of governing, something to govern by! There exists in him a heart-abhorrence of whatever is incoherent, pusillanimous, unveracious,—that is to say, chaotic, _un_governed; of the Devil, not of God. A man of this kind cannot help governing! He has the living ideal of a governor in him; and the incessant necessity of struggling to unfold the same out of him.”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“men's hearts ought not to be set against one another; but set with one another, and all against the Evil Thing only.”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“And wonderful it is to see how the Ideal or Soul, place it in what ugliest Body you may, will irradiate said Body with its own nobleness; will gradually, incessantly, mould, modify, new-form or reform said ugliest Body, and make it at last beautiful, and to a certain degree divine!”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“The Age of Miracles is forever here!”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Priest

“Has any man, or any society of men, a truth to speak, a piece of spiritual work to do; they can nowise proceed at once and with the mere natural organs, but must first call a public meeting, appoint committees, issue prospectuses, eat a public dinner; in a word, construct or borrow machinery, wherewith to speak it and do it. Without machinery, they were hopeless, helpless.”

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1820s, Signs of the Times (1829)

“For the Norse people, the Man now named Odin, and Chief Norse God, we fancy, was such a man. A Teacher, and Captain of soul and of body; a Hero, of worth immeasurable; admiration for whom, transcending the known bounds, became adoration. Has he not the power of articulate Thinking; and many other powers, as yet miraculous? So, with boundless gratitude, would the rude Norse heart feel. Has he not solved for them the sphinx-enigma of this Universe; given assurance to them of their own destiny there? By him they know now what they have to do here, what to look for hereafter. Existence has become articulate, melodious by him; he first has made Life alive!—We may call this Odin, the origin of Norse Mythology: Odin, or whatever name the First Norse Thinker bore while he was a man among men. His view of the Universe once promulgated, a like view starts into being in all minds; grows, keeps ever growing, while it continues credible there. In all minds it lay written, but invisibly, as in sympathetic ink; at his word it starts into visibility in all. Nay, in every epoch of the world, the great event, parent of all others, is it not the arrival of a Thinker in the world—!”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Divinity

“Truly it is a sad thing for a people, as for a man, to fall into Scepticism, into dilettantism, insincerity; not to know Sincerity when they see it. For this world, and for all worlds, what curse is so fatal?”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero As King

“For the Scepticism, as I said, is not intellectual only; it is moral also; a chronic atrophy and disease of the whole soul. A man lives by believing something; not by debating and arguing about many things.”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Man of Letters

“And yet I will venture to believe that in no time, since the beginnings of Society, was the lot of those same dumb millions of toilers so entirely unbearable as it is even in the days now passing over us. It is not to die, or even to die of hunger, that makes a man wretched; many men have died; all men must die,—the last exit of us all is in a Fire-Chariot of Pain. But it is to live miserable we know not why; to work sore and yet gain nothing; to be heart-worn, weary, yet isolated, unrelated, girt in with a cold universal Laissez-faire: it is to die slowly all our life long, imprisoned in a deaf, dead, Infinite Injustice, as in the accursed iron belly of a Phalaris' Bull! This is and remains forever intolerable to all men whom God has made. Do we wonder at French Revolutions, Chartisms, Revolts of Three Days? The times, if we will consider them, are really unexampled.”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“it is our fatalest misery just now, not easily alterable, and yet urgently requiring to be altered, That no British man can attain to be a Statesman, or Chief of Workers, till he has first proved himself a Chief of Talkers: which mode of trial for a Worker, is it not precisely, of all the trials you could set him upon, the falsest and unfairest?”

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1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), Stump Orator (May 1, 1850)

“Happy the people whose annals are blank in history books!”

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Life of Frederick the Great, Bk. XVI, ch. 1.
1860s

“I purpose now, while the impression is more pure and clear within me, to mark down the main things I can recollect of my father. To myself, if I live to after-years, it may be instructive and interesting, as the past grows ever holier the farther we leave it. My mind is calm enough to do it deliberately, and to do it truly. The thought of that pale earnest face which even now lies stiffened into death in that bed at Scotsbrig, with the Infinite all of worlds looking down on it, will certainly impel me. It is good to know how a true spirit will vindicate itself with truth and freedom through what obstructions soever; how the acorn cast carelessly into the wilder-ness will make room for itself and grow to be an oak. This is one of the cases belonging to that class, "the lives of remarkable men," in which it has been said, "paper and ink should least of all be spared." I call a man remarkable who becomes a true workman in this vineyard of the Highest. Be his work that of palace-building and kingdom-founding, or only of delving and ditching, to me it is no matter, or next to none. All human work is transitory, small in itself, contemptible. Only the worker thereof, and the spirit that dwelt in him, is significant. I proceed without order, or almost any forethought, anxious only to save what I have left and mark it as it lies in me.”

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1880s, Reminiscences (1881)

“This great maxim of philosophy he had gathered by the teaching of nature alone — that man was created to work, not to speculate or feel or dream. Accordingly, he set his whole heart thitherwards. He did work wisely and unweariedly, and perhaps performed more with the tools he had than any man I now know.”

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1880s, Reminiscences (1881)

“Paris, which for sixty years past has been the City of Insurrections. The French People had plumed themselves on being, whatever else they were not, at least the chosen "soldiers of liberty," who took the lead of all creatures in that pursuit, at least; and had become, as their orators, editors and litterateurs diligently taught them, a People whose bayonets were sacred, a kind of Messiah People, saving a blind world in its own despite, and earning for themselves a terrestrial and even celestial glory very considerable indeed.”

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1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), The Present Time (February 1, 1850)

“Fire is the best of servents; but what a master!”

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Bk. II, ch. 9.
1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“To this man life is already as earnest and awful, and beautiful and terrible, as death.”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“To a shower of gold most things are penetrable.”

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Pt. I, Bk. III, ch. 7.
1830s, The French Revolution. A History (1837)

“It must have been in his teens, perhaps rather early, that he and his elder brother John, with William Bell (afterwards of Wylie Hill, and a noted drover) and his brother, all met in the kiln at Eelief to play cards. The corn was dried then at home. There was a fire, therefore, aud perhaps it was both heat and light. The boys had played, perhaps, often enough for trifling stakes, and always parted in good humor. One night they came to some disagreement. My father spoke out what was in him about the folly, the sinfulness, of quarreling over a perhaps sinful amusement. The earnest mind persuaded other minds. They threw the cards into the fire, and (I think the younger Bell told my brother James) no one of the four ever touched a card again through life. My father certainly never hinted at such a game since I knew him. I cannot remember that I, at that age, had any such force of belief. Which of us can?”

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1880s, Reminiscences (1881)

“The panting breathless haste and vehemence of a man struggling in the thick of battle for life and salvation; this is the mood he is in!”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

“Mahomet was only fourteen; had no language but his own: much in Syria must have been a strange unintelligible whirlpool to him. But the eyes of the lad were open; glimpses of many things would doubtless be taken in, and lie very enigmatic as yet, which were to ripen in a strange way into views, into beliefs and insights one day. These journeys to Syria were probably the beginning of much to Mahomet. One other circumstance we must not forget: that he had no school-learning; of the thing we call school-learning none at all.”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

“In looking at this wreck of Governments in all European countries, there is one consideration that suggests itself, sadly elucidative of our modern epoch. These Governments, we may be well assured, have gone to anarchy for this one reason inclusive of every other whatsoever, That they were not wise enough; that the spiritual talent embarked in them, the virtue, heroism, intellect, or by whatever other synonyms we designate it, was not adequate,—probably had long been inadequate, and so in its dim helplessness had suffered, or perhaps invited falsity to introduce itself; had suffered injustices, and solecisms, and contradictions of the Divine Fact, to accumulate in more than tolerable measure; whereupon said Governments were overset, and declared before all creatures to be too false.”

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1850s, Latter-Day Pamphlets (1850), The New Downing Street (April 15, 1850)

“It is the very joy of man's heart to admire, where he can; nothing so lifts him from all his mean imprisonments, were it but for moments, as true admiration.”

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1840s, Past and Present (1843)

“Complete, at the same time, was his confidence in his own judgment when it spoke to him decisively. He was one of those few that could believe and know as well as inquire and be of opinion. When I remember how much he admired intellectual force, how much he had of it himself, and yet how unconsciously and contentedly he gave others credit for superiority, I again see the healthy spirit of the genuine man.”

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1880s, Reminiscences (1881)

“The Public is an old woman. Let her maunder and mumble.”

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Journal (1835).
1830s

“All greatness is unconscious, or it is little and naught.”

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1830s, Sir Walter Scott (1838)

“If they be inhabited, what a scope for misery and folly; if they be na inhabited, what a waste of space.”

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On other stars <br class="br">Attributed by John Burroughs on the first page of his 1920 book Accepting The Universe <br class="br">Attributed by Carl Sagan at a November 20, 1972 symposium on "Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man", held at Boston University <br class="br">[Berendzen, Richard, ed., Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man, 1973, NASA Scientific and Technical Information Office, Washington, DC, LCCN 73-600150] <br class="br"> "Life Beyond Earth and the Mind of Man 1975", Google Video, c. 0:02:50, 2006-09-11 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8949469271181885482&q=owner%3Anara+type%3Anasa, Edited version of symposium, released by National Archives, under Google Video partnership http://www.archives.gov/google/. <br class="br">Attributed <br class="br">Wariant: A sad spectacle. If they be inhabited, what a scope for misery and folly. It they be not inhabited, what a waste of space.

“Much has been said of Mahomet's propagating his Religion by the sword. It is no doubt far nobler what we have to boast of the Christian Religion, that it propagated itself peaceably in the way of preaching and conviction. Yet withal, if we take this for an argument of the truth or falsehood of a religion, there is a radical mistake in it. The sword indeed: but where will you get your sword! Every new opinion, at its starting, is precisely in a minority of one. In one man's head alone, there it dwells as yet. One man alone of the whole world believes it; there is one man against all men. That he take a sword, and try to propagate with that, will do little for him. You must first get your sword! On the whole, a thing will propagate itself as it can. We do not find, of the Christian Religion either, that it always disdained the sword, when once it had got one.”

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1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Prophet

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