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Awerroes cytaty

Awerroes – filozof, teolog, lekarz, prawnik, polityk i matematyk arabski z Kordowy, wygnany za nieprawowierne poglądy filozoficzne; zmarł na wygnaniu w Marrakeszu.

Awerroes był zafascynowany filozofią Arystotelesa, którego uważał za największego człowieka w dziejach i którego dzieła komentował. Najbardziej znana jest jego teoria „dwóch prawd” oraz poglądy na duszę ludzką. Uważał on, że jest ona nieśmiertelna tylko jako jedna dusza ludzkości, a indywidualne dusze giną po śmierci ciała. Awerroes starał się uzgodnić swoje poglądy filozoficzne z ortodoksyjną teologią islamską, twierdząc, że prawdy religijne są inną interpretacją prawd, które odkrywa filozofia, ale nie ma między nimi sprzeczności.

Za pośrednictwem Awerroesa zachodni uczeni poznali większość dzieł Arystotelesa, a razem z nimi klasyczną logikę. Jego przekłady na arabski zostały przez hiszpańskich i sycylijskich uczonych przełożone na łacinę, co miało ogromne znaczenie dla studiów scholastycznych.

Jego komentarze były tak trafne, że za Tomaszem z Akwinu Awerroes był nazywany po prostu Komentatorem. Tomasz z Akwinu przeciwstawiał się jednak w kilku istotnych kwestiach Awerroesowi i jego uczniom, np. co do twierdzenia, że można dowieść wieczności świata. Akwinata bronił twierdzenia, że świat został stworzony przez Boga z niczego . Polemizował z tymi poglądami w dziełku O wieczności świata przeciw szemrzącym oraz w Sumie przeciw poganom II, 31-38. Tomasz bronił też nieśmiertelności i indywidualności duszy ludzkiej.

Oddziaływały także jego poglądy: Siger z Brabancji był założycielem szkoły filozoficznej określanej jako awerroizm łaciński.

✵ 14. Kwiecień 1126 – 10. Grudzień 1198
Awerroes Fotografia
Awerroes: 19 cytatów0 Polubień

Awerroes cytaty

„Czy Bóg mógłby stworzyć trójkąt, w którym kąty wewnętrzne nie sumują się do 180 stopni?”

Awerroes

paradoks omnipotencji, wg innej wersji brzmiał: „Czy byt wszechmogący mógłby stworzyć kamień tak ciężki, że nawet on sam nie mógłby go podnieść?”

Awerroes: Cytaty po angielsku

“This is one of the most intricate problems of religion.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

Part 3: Of Fate And Predestination; Opening sentence
On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy
Kontekst: This is one of the most intricate problems of religion. For if you look into the traditional arguments () about this problem you will find them contradictory; such also being the case with arguments of reason. The contradiction in the arguments of the first kind is found in the Qur'an and the Hadith.

“The Law teaches that the universe was invented and created by God, and that it did not come into being by chance or by itself.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

Part 1: The Creation of the Universe; Opening sentence
On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

“Philosophers do not claim that God does not know particulars; they rather claim that He does not know them the way humans do. God knows particulars as their Creator whereas humans know them as a privileged creations of God might know them.”

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Averroes

Attributed to Averroes in Voices of Islam: Voices of change (2007) by Vincent J. Cornell, p. 35

“Knowledge is the conformity of the object and the intellect.”

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Averroes

Attributed to Averroes, in: John Bartlett (1968) Familiar Qutations. p. 155

“If teleological study of the world is philosophy, and if the Law commands such a study, then the Law commands philosophy.”

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Averroes

FM 44 as cited in: Oliver Leaman (2002) An Introduction to Classical Islamic Philosophy, p. 179
The Decisive Treatise

“There is no city that is truly one other than this city that we [anahnti] are involved in bringing forth.”

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Averroes

Averroes, Ralph Lerner (1974) Averroes On Plato's Republic. p. xxiv

“On the whole, a man who denies the existence of the effects arranged according to the causes in the question of arts, or whose wisdom cannot understand it, then he has no knowledge of the art of its Maker.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

“To master this instrument the religious thinker must make a preliminary study of logic, just as the lawyer must study legal reasoning. This is no more heretical in the one case than in the other. And logic must be learned from the ancient masters, regardless of the fact that they were not Muslims.”

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Averroes

The Decisive Treatise
Źródło: Jon McGinnis, David C. Reisman (2007) Classical Arabic Philosophy: An Anthology of Sources. p. 310

“If we admit the existence of the prophetic mission, by putting the idea of possibility, which is in fact ignorance, in place of certainty, and make miracles a proof of the truth of man who claims to be a prophet it becomes necessary that they should not be used by a person, who says that they can be performed by others than prophets, as the Mutakallimun do.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

Part 2: The Advent of the Prophets; Opening sentence
On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

“Praise be to God with all due praise, and a prayer for Muhammad His chosen servant and apostle. The purpose of this treatise is to examine, from the standpoint of the study of the Law, whether the study of philosophy and logic is allowed by the Law, or prohibited, or commanded either by way of recommendation or as obligatory.”

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Averroes

Introduction
The Decisive Treatise

“The necessary connexion of movement and time is real and time is something the soul (dhihn) constructs in movement.”

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Averroes

As cited in "Being and Language in Averroes' “Tahafut At-Tahafut” (2003) by Massimo Campanini

“The texts about the future life fall into, since demonstrative scholars do not agree whether to take them in their apparent meaning or interpret them allegorically. Either is permissible. But it is inexcusable to deny the fact of a future life altogether.”

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Averroes

Ch 2. 44
The Decisive Treatise

“[In the introduction to his Middle Commentary on Aristotle's Topics, Averroes said] This art has three parts. The first part sets forth the speeches from which dialectical conversation is composed — i. e., its parts, and the parts of its parts on to its simplest components. This part is found in the first treatise on Aristotle's book.
The second part sets forth the topics from which syllogisms are drawn — syllogisms for affirming something or denying it with respect to every kind of problem occurring in this art. This is the next six treatises of Aristotle's book
The third part set forth how The third part sets forth how the questioner ought to question and the answerer answer. It also sets forth how many kinds of questions and answers there are. This is in the eighth treatise of Aristotle's book.”

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Averroes

Averroës, Charles Edwin Butterworth (1977) Averroës' Three Short Commentaries on Aristotle's "Topics,". p. 92

“The double meaning has been given to suit people's diverse intelligence. The apparent contradictions are meant to stimulate the learned to deeper study.”

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Averroes

Ch 2
The Decisive Treatise

“It is quite clear to you that all the people see that lower kinds of creation could have been made in a different way from that in which they really are, and as they see this lower degree in many things they think that they must have been made by chance.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

“After logic we must proceed to philosophy proper. Here too we have to learn from our predecessors, just as in mathematics and law. Thus it is wrong to forbid the study of ancient philosophy. Harm from it is accidental, like harm from taking medicine, drinking water, or studying law.”

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Averroes

Ch 1.9
The Decisive Treatise

“Come the Day of Judgment, some believe that the body will be different from our present body. This is only transient, that will be eternal. For this also there are religious arguments.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

Pat 5: The Day of Judgment; Opening sentence
On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

“The Asharites have expressed a very peculiar opinion, both with regard to reason and religion; about this problem they have explained it in a way in which religion has not, but have adopted quite an opposite method.”

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Averroes książka On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

Part 4: Divine Justice and Injustice; Opening sentence
On the Harmony of Religions and Philosophy

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