John Locke idézet

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John Locke

Születési dátum: 29. augusztus 1632
Halál dátuma: 28. október 1704

Ez a szócikk az angol filozófusról szól. A Lost című sorozat fiktív szereplőjéhez lásd a John Locke című szócikket.

John Locke angol filozófus, orvos és politikus. Az angol empirizmus, illetve a korai materializmus egyik fő képviselője, egyike azon gondolkodóknak, akik a tapasztalatot teszik meg a filozófia alapelvévé: minden tudás a tapasztalattól függ és annak ellenőrzése alatt áll.

Az államról, a vallási toleranciáról és a pedagógiáról vallott nézetei nagy befolyással voltak a felvilágosodásra és a politikai liberalizmusra. Ötvenes éveitől lett híres ember, de hírnevét végül filozófusként érdemelte ki, műveinek, elsősorban az 1689-ben megjelent Értekezés az emberi értelemről című munkájának a publikálása révén.

Életét két kérdés vizsgálatának szentelte: hogyan lehetséges, hogy az emberek bármit is tudni képesek, és hogyan kell megpróbálniuk élni? Azt szerette volna megmutatni, hogy az embernek a természetben elfoglalt helyének racionális megértése azt kívánja tőlünk, hogy keresztényként éljenek. Wikipedia

Idézetek John Locke

„Mindig is úgy gondoltam, hogy az emberek cselekedetei a gondolataik legjobb tolmácsolói.“

—  John Locke

„Ami téged aggaszt, az téged ural.“

—  John Locke

„The Indians, whom we call barbarous, observe much more decency and civility in their discourses and conversation“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 145
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)
Kontextus: The Indians, whom we call barbarous, observe much more decency and civility in their discourses and conversation, giving one another a fair silent hearing till they have quite done; and then answering them calmly, and without noise or passion. And if it be not so in this civiliz'd part of the world, we must impute it to a neglect in education, which has not yet reform'd this antient piece of barbarity amongst us.

„…when I had gone through the whole, and saw what a plain, simple, reason able thing Christianity was, suited to all conditions and capacities; and in the morality of it now, with divine authority, established into a legible law, so far surpassing all that philosophy and human reason had attained to, or could possibly make effectual to all degrees of man kind; I was flattered to think it might be of some use in the world; especially to those, who thought either that there was no need of revelation at all, or that the revelation of our Saviour required the belief of such articles for salvation, which the settled notions, and their way of reasoning in some, and want of understanding in others, made impossible to them. Upon these two topics the objections seemed to turn, which were with most assurance made by deists, against Christianity; but against Christianity misunderstood. It seemed to me, that there needed no more to show them the weakness of their exceptions, but to lay plainly before them the doctrine of our Saviour and his apostles, as delivered in the scriptures, and not as taught by the several sects of Christians.“

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—  John Locke

Preface to the Reader
The Reasonableness of Christianity (1695)

„The old question will be asked in this matter of prerogative, But who shall be judge when this power is made a right use of? 1 answer: between an executive power in being, with such a prerogative, and a legislative that depends upon his will for their convening, there can be no judge on earth; as there can be none between the legislative and the people, should either the executive, or the legislative, when they have got the power in their hands, design, or go about to enslave or destroy them. The people have no other remedy in this, as in all other cases where they have no judge on earth, but to appeal to heaven: for the rulers, in such attempts, exercising a power the people never put into their hands, (who can never be supposed to consent that any body should rule over them for their harm) do that which they have not a right to do. And where the body of the people, or any single man, is deprived of their right, or is under the exercise of a power without right, and have no appeal on earth, then they have a liberty to appeal to heaven, whenever they judge the cause of sufficient moment. And therefore, though the people cannot be judge, so as to have, by the constitution of that society, any superior power, to determine and give effective sentence in the case; yet they have, by a law antecedent and paramount to all positive laws of men, reserved that ultimate determination to themselves which belongs to all mankind, where there lies no appeal on earth, viz. to judge, whether they have just cause to make their appeal to heaven. And this judgment they cannot part with, it being out of a man's power so to submit himself to another, as to give him a liberty to destroy him; God and nature never allowing a man so to abandon himself, as to neglect his own preservation: and since he cannot take away his own life, neither can he give another power to take it. Nor let any one think, this lays a perpetual foundation for disorder; for this operates not, till the inconveniency is so great, that the majority feel it, and are weary of it, and find a necessity to have it amended. But this the executive power, or wise princes, never need come in the danger of: and it is the thing, of all others, they have most need to avoid, as of all others the most perilous.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Two Treatises of Government

Second Treatise of Government http://www.constitution.org/jl/2ndtr14.htm, Sec. 168
Two Treatises of Government (1689)

„You shall find, that there cannot be a greater spur to the attaining what you would have the eldest learn, and know himself, than to set him upon teaching it his younger brothers and sisters.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 119
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„The next thing is by gentle degrees to accustom children to those things they are too much afraid of. But here great caution is to be used, that you do not make too much haste, nor attempt this cure too early, for fear lest you increase the mischief instead of remedying it.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 115
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„A young man before he leaves the shelter of his father's house, and the guard of a tutor, should be fortify'd with resolution, and made acquainted with men, to secure his virtues, lest he should be led into some ruinous course, or fatal precipice, before he is sufficiently acquainted with the dangers of conversation, and his steadiness enough not to yield to every temptation.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 70
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„For wherever violence is used, and injury done, though by hands appointed to administer Justice, it is still violence and injury, however colour'd with the Name, Pretences, or Forms of Law, the end whereof being to protect and redress the innocent, by an unbiassed application of it, to all who are under it; wherever that is not bona fide done, War is made upon the Sufferers, who having no appeal on Earth to right them, they are left to the only remedy in such Cases, an appeal to Heaven.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Two Treatises of Government

Two Treatises of Government. The Second Treatise. Chapter 3: The State of War, §20 p. 281 books.google https://books.google.de/books?id=gRNDLAK4kPUC&pg=PA281

„That which is static and repetitive is boring. That which is dynamic and random is confusing. In between lies art.“

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—  John Locke

This statement has been attributed to John A. Locke, but John Locke did not have a middle name. The words "dynamic," "boring" and "repetitive," found in this quote, were not yet in use in Locke's time. (See The Online Etymology Dictionary http://www.etymonline.com/abbr.php.) John A. Locke is listed on one site as having lived from 1899 to 1961; no more information about him was available.
Misattributed

„The softer you find your child is, the more you are to seek occasions, at fit times, thus to harden him. The great art in this is, to begin with what is but very little painful, and to proceed by insensible degrees, when you are playing, and in good humour with him, and speaking well of him: and when you have once got him to think himself made amends for his suffering by the praise is given him for his courage; when he can take pride in giving such marks of his manliness, and can prefer the reputation of being brave and stout, to the avoiding a little pain, or the shrinking under it; you need nor despair in time and by the assistance of his growing reason, to master his timorousness, and mend the weakness of his constitution.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 115
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„Long discourses, and philosophical readings, at best, amaze and confound, but do not instruct children. When I say, therefore, that they must be treated as rational creatures, I mean that you must make them sensible, by the mildness of your carriage, and in the composure even in the correction of them, that what you do is reasonable in you, and useful and necessary for them; and that it is not out of caprichio, passion or fancy, that you command or forbid them any thing.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 81
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„Since sounds have no natural connection with our ideas … the doubtfulness and uncertainty of their signification … has its cause more in the ideas they stand for than in any incapacity there is in one sound more than another to signify any idea.“

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—  John Locke, könyv An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Book III, Ch. 9, sec. 4
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689)

„Though the Earth, and all inferior Creatures be common to all Men, yet every Man has a Property in his own Person. Thus no Body has any Right to but himself.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Two Treatises of Government

Second Treatise of Government, Ch. V, sec. 27
Two Treatises of Government (1689)

„Covetousness, and the desire of having in our possession, and under our dominion, more than we have need of, being the root of all evil, should be early and carefully weeded out, and the contrary quality of a readiness to impart to others, implanted. This should be encourag'd by great commendation and credit, and constantly taking care that he loses nothing by his liberality.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 110
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„Let me give two cautions. 1) The one is, that you keep them to the practice of what you would have grow into a habit with them, by kind words, and gentle admonitions, rather as minding them of what they forget, than by harsh rebukes and chiding, as if they were wilfully guilty. 2) Another thing you are to take care of, is, not to endeavour to settle too many habits at once, lest by variety you confound them, and so perfect none. When constant custom has made any one thing easy and natural to 'em, and they practice it without reflection, you may then go on to another.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 66
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„Let him sensibly perceive, that the kindness he shews to others, is no ill husbandry for himself; but that it brings a return in kindness both from those that receive it, and those who look on. Make this a contest among children, who shall out-do one another in this way: and by this means, by a constant practise, children having made it easy to themselves to part with what they have, good nature may be settled in them into a habit, and they may take pleasure, and pique themselves in being kind, liberal and civil, to others.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 110
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„To teach him betimes to love and be good-natur'd to others, is to lay early the true foundation of an honest man; all injustice generally springing from too great love of ourselves and too little of others.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 139
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„Inuring children gently to suffer some degrees of pain without shrinking, is a way to gain firmness to their minds, and lay a foundation for courage and resolution in the future part of their lives.“

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—  John Locke, könyv Some Thoughts Concerning Education

Sec. 115
Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693)

„The people cannot delegate to government the power to do anything which would be unlawful for them to do themselves.“

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—  John Locke

This might be a paraphrase of some of Locke's expressions or ideas, but the earliest publication of the statement in this form seems to be one made in Oversight Hearing on the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area Act (1997).
Misattributed

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