Henry David Thoreau citations
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Henry David Thoreau est un philosophe, naturaliste et poète américain, né le 12 juillet 1817 à Concord , où il est mort le 6 mai 1862.

Son œuvre majeure, Walden ou la Vie dans les bois, est une réflexion sur l'économie, la nature et la vie simple menée à l'écart de la société, écrite lors d'une retraite dans une cabane qu'il s'était construite au bord d'un lac. Son essai La Désobéissance civile, qui témoigne d'une opposition personnelle face aux autorités esclavagistes de l'époque, a inspiré des actions collectives menées par Gandhi et Martin Luther King Jr. contre la ségrégation raciale.

Thoreau abhorre l'esclavage des noirs, qui démontre selon lui que le christianisme qui prévaut officiellement n'est que superstition, et que les politiciens ne sont pas motivés par des « lois élevées ». Il envisage une réforme morale de la société par la non-collaboration aux injustices des gouvernements, comme prônée par son contemporain abolitionniste William Lloyd Garrison, mais il reste presque toujours à l'écart de toute activité et organisation sociale, quelle qu'elle soit. Après la tentative ratée de John Brown pour lancer une insurrection en faveur de l'abolition, Thoreau le considère comme un sauveur et lui exprime publiquement son appui. Il s'est donc retrouvé à la fin de sa vie, à l'aube de la Guerre civile américaine, en accord avec l'opinion publique de plus en plus commune qui commençait à croire à l'abolition de l'esclavage par la force brute, et ce sans s'impliquer pour autant davantage lui-même.

Surnommé le « poète-naturaliste » par son ami William Ellery Channing , Thoreau est fasciné par les phénomènes naturels et les formes de vie, notamment la botanique, et il consigne dans son journal, qui couvre plus d'une vingtaine d'années, ses observations détaillées et les sentiments personnels qu'elles font naître en lui. Il adoptait avec les années une approche de plus en plus systématique, scientifique, et celui qui était arpenteur à ses heures a pu aussi inventer, un peu, la foresterie et l'écologie. L'amour et le respect de la nature qu'il transmet sont devenus, à mesure que son œuvre a été publiée et connue, une source d'inspiration constante pour des naturalistes amateurs et des écologistes ; tout autant que ses idées économiques et politiques intéressent des activistes sociaux et des adeptes de la simplicité volontaire. Wikipedia  

✵ 12. juillet 1817 – 6. mai 1862   •   Autres noms Henry Thoreau
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Henry David Thoreau citations célèbres

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Henry David Thoreau Citations

“Le gouvernement le meilleur est celui qui gouverne le moins”

Variante: Le gouvernement le meilleur est celui qui gouverne le moins.

Henry David Thoreau: Citations en anglais

“You must get your living by loving.”

Henry David Thoreau livre Life Without Principle

Life Without Principle (1863)
Contexte: I wish to suggest that a man may be very industrious, and yet not spend his time well. There is no more fatal blunderer than he who consumes the greater part of his life getting his living. All great enterprises are self-supporting. The poet, for instance, must sustain his body by his poetry, as a steam planing-mill feeds its boilers with the shavings it makes. You must get your living by loving.

“I am enjoying existence as much as ever, and regret nothing.”

His last letter, to Myron Benton (31 March 1862) http://www.walden.org/Institute/thoreau/writings/correspondence/1862_03_21_Benton.htm
Contexte: You ask particularly after my health. I suppose that I have not many months to live; but, of course, I know nothing about it. I may add that I am enjoying existence as much as ever, and regret nothing.

“Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily made the agents of injustice.”

Henry David Thoreau livre La Désobéissance civile

Civil Disobedience (1849)
Contexte: To speak practically and as a citizen, unlike those who call themselves no-government men, I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government. Let every man make known what kind of government would command his respect, and that will be one step toward obtaining it. After all, the practical reason why, when the power is once in the hands of the people, a majority are permitted, and for a long period continue, to rule, is not because they are most likely to be in the right, nor because this seems fairest to the minority, but because they are physically the strongest. But a government in which the majority rule in all cases cannot be based on justice, even as far as men understand it. Can there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience? — in which majorities decide only those questions to which the rule of expediency is applicable? Must the citizen ever for a moment, or in the least degree, resign his conscience to the legislator? Why has every man a conscience, then? I think that we should be men first, and subjects afterward. It is not desirable to cultivate a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to assume is to do at any time what I think right. It is truly enough said that a corporation has no conscience; but a corporation of conscientious men is a corporation with a conscience. Law never made men a whit more just; and, by means of their respect for it, even the well-disposed are daily made the agents of injustice.

“Men reverence one another, not yet God.”

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/7cncd10.txt (1849), Sunday
Contexte: It seems to me that the god that is commonly worshipped in civilized countries is not at all divine, though he bears a divine name, but is the overwhelming authority and respectability of mankind combined. Men reverence one another, not yet God. If I thought that I could speak with discrimination and impartiality of the nations of Christendom, I should praise them, but it tasks me too much. They seem to be the most civil and humane, but I may be mistaken.

“The language of Friendship is not words, but meanings.”

Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

Source: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

“A man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.”

Henry David Thoreau livre Walden ou la Vie dans les bois

Variante: A man is rich in proportion to the number of things he can afford to let alone.
Source: Walden

“This world is but canvas to our imaginations.”

Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

Variante: The world is but a canvas to the imagination.
Source: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/7cncd10.txt (1849), Wednesday

“What is the use of a house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on?”

Source: Letter to Harrison Blake (20 May 1860); published in Familiar Letters (1865)
Contexte: What is the use of a house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on? — If you cannot tolerate the planet that it is on?
Contexte: Men and boys are learning all kinds of trades but how to make men of themselves. They learn to make houses; but they are not so well housed, they are not so contented in their houses, as the woodchucks in their holes. What is the use of a house if you haven't got a tolerable planet to put it on? — If you cannot tolerate the planet that it is on? Grade the ground first. If a man believes and expects great things of himself, it makes no odds where you put him, or what you show him … he will be surrounded by grandeur. He is in the condition of a healthy and hungry man, who says to himself, — How sweet this crust is!

“… for my greatest skill has been to want but little.”

Henry David Thoreau livre Walden ou la Vie dans les bois

Source: Walden

“In human intercourse the tragedy begins, not when there is misunderstanding about words, but when silence is not understood”

Henry David Thoreau A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

Source: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

“It takes two to speak the truth, — one to speak, and another to hear.”

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext03/7cncd10.txt (1849), Wednesday

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