Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel [ˈɡeːɔɐ̯k ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈheːɡl̩], né le 27 août 1770 à Stuttgart et mort le 14 novembre 1831 à Berlin, est un philosophe allemand.
Son œuvre, postérieure à celle de Emmanuel Kant, appartient à l'idéalisme allemand et a eu une influence décisive sur l'ensemble de la philosophie contemporaine.
Hegel enseigne la philosophie sous la forme d'un système unissant tous les savoirs suivant une logique dialectique. Le système est présenté comme une « phénoménologie de l'esprit » puis comme une « encyclopédie des sciences philosophiques », titres de deux de ses ouvrages, et englobe l'ensemble des domaines philosophiques, dont la métaphysique et l'ontologie, la philosophie de l'art et de la religion, la philosophie de la nature, la philosophie de l'histoire, la philosophie morale et politique ou la philosophie du droit.
Wikipedia
“Rien de grand ne s'est produit dans le monde sans passion.”
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
Variante: rien de grand dans le monde ne s'est accomplis sans passion
“L'histoire et l'expérience enseignent que les peuples n'ont absolument rien appris de l'histoire.”
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
“La raison a régné et règne dans le monde, et donc aussi dans l'histoire mondiale.”
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
“L'histoire mondiale est le progrès dans la conscience de la liberté.”
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
Variante: L'histoire n'est pas un lieu de félicité. Les périodes de bonheur y sont ses pages blanches.
Esthétique, Tome 2
La Philosophie de l'histoire, Cours 1822-1831
Phénoménologie de l'esprit, 1807
Source: Phenomenology of Spirit
“The owl of Minerva takes its flight only when the shades of night are gathering.”
Preface xxx
Variant: When philosophy paints its grey on grey, then has a shape of life grown old. By philosophy's grey on grey it cannot be rejuvenated but only understood. The owl of Minerva spreads its wings only with the falling of the dusk.
As translated by T. M. Knox, (1952) <!-- p. 13 -->
Source: Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820/1821)
Contexte: Only one word more concerning the desire to teach the world what it ought to be. For such a purpose philosophy at least always comes too late. Philosophy, as the thought of the world, does not appear until reality has completed its formative process, and made itself ready. History thus corroborates the teaching of the conception that only in the maturity of reality does the ideal appear as counterpart to the real, apprehends the real world in its substance, and shapes it into an intellectual kingdom. When philosophy paints its grey in grey, one form of life has become old, and by means of grey it cannot be rejuvenated, but only known. The owl of Minerva takes its flight only when the shades of night are gathering.
Jede Vorstellung ist eine Verallgemeinerung, und diese gehört dem Denken an. Etwas allgemein machen, heißt, es denken.
"Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts oder Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse", Berlin, 1833, p. 35
"Every representation is a generalization, and this is inherent in thought. To generalize something means to think it."
"Any idea is a universalization, and universalizing is a property of thinking. To universalize something means to think."
"An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of thinking. To generalize means to think."
Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820/1821)
Lectures on the Philosophy of History (1832), Volume 1
Lectures on the philosophy of religion, together with a work on the proofs of the existence of God. Translated from the 2d German ed. by E.B. Speirs, and J. Burdon Sanderson: the translation edited by E.B. Speirs. Published 1895 p. 49-50
Lectures on Philosophy of Religion, Volume 1 (1827)
Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1816)
“There are Plebes in all classes.”
As quoted by Julien Coupat in Interview with Julien Coupat http://tarnac9.wordpress.com/2009/05/28/interview-with-julien-coupat/ (2009)
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
Preface, § 2
The Phenomenology of Spirit (1807)
Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1816)
As quoted in the Introduction to Aesthetics (1842), translated by T. M. Knox, (1979), p. 89
Lectures on Aesthetics (1835)
Hegel, Philosophy of Mind (quoted by Slavoj Žižek in A Glance into the Archives of Islam http://www.lacan.com/zizarchives.htm, Lacan dot com, 1997).
So ist vielmehr der Fall, daß das Volk, insosern mit diesem Worte ein besonderer Theil der Mitglieder eines Staats bezeichnet ist, den Theil ausdrückt, der nicht weiß was er will.
http://books.google.com/books?id=ePATAAAAQAAJ&q=%22So+ist+vielmehr+der+Fall+da%C3%9F+das+Volk+insosern+mit+diesem+Worte+ein+besonderer+Theil+der+Mitglieder+eines+Staats+bezeichnet+ist+den+Theil+ausdr%C3%BCckt+der+nicht+wei%C3%9F+was+er+will%22&pg=PA393#v=onepage
Sect. 301
Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820/1821)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Philosophy of Right translated by SW Dyde Queen’s University Canada 1896 p. 114-115
Elements of the Philosophy of Right (1820/1821)
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
“Universal History Spirit displays itself in its most concrete reality.”
Lectures on the History of History Vol 1 p. 17 John Sibree translation (1857), 1914
Lectures on the Philosophy of History (1832), Volume 1
Contexte: The enquiry into the essential destiny of Reason as far as it is considered in reference to the World is identical with the question, what is the ultimate design of the World? And the expression implies that that design is destined to be realised! Two points of consideration suggest themselves: first, the import of this design its abstract definition; and secondly, its realization. It must be observed at the outset, that the phenomenon we investigate Universal History belongs to the realm of Spirit. The term “World" includes both physical and psychical Nature. Physical Nature also plays its part in the World's History, and attention will have to be paid to the fundamental natural relations thus involved. But Spirit, and the course of its development, is our substantial object. Our task does not require us to contemplate Nature as a Rational System in itself though in its own proper domain it proves itself such but simply in its relation to Spirit. On the stage on which we are observing it, Universal History Spirit displays itself in its most concrete reality. Notwithstanding this (or rather for the very purpose of comprehending the general principles which this, its form of concrete reality, embodies) we must premise some abstract characteristics of the nature of Spirit. Such an explanation, however, cannot be given here under any other form than that of bare assertion. The present is not the occasion for unfolding the idea of Spirit speculatively; for whatever has a place in an Introduction, must, as already observed, be taken as simply historical; something assumed as having been explained and proved elsewhere; or whose demonstration awaits the sequel of the Science of History itself.
Die Architektur ist dann die Kristallisation, die Skulptur die organische Figuration der Materie in ihrer sinnlich-räumlichen Totalität; die Malerei die gefärbte Fläche und Linie; während in der Musik der Raum überhaupt zu dem in sich erfüllten Punkt der Zeit übergeht; bis das äußere Material endlich in der Poesie ganz zur Wertlosigkeit herabgesetzt ist.
Part III https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ae/ch03.htm
Lectures on Aesthetics (1835)
Lectures on Philosophy of Religion, Volume 1 (1827)
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
Das Schicksal des jüdischen Volkes ist das Schicksal Makbeths, der aus der Natur selbst trat, sich an fremde Wesen hing, und so in ihrem Dienste alles Heilige der menschlichen Natur zertreten und ermorden, von seinen Göttern (denn es waren Objekte, er war Knecht) endlich verlassen, und an seinem Glauben selbst zerschmettert werden mußte.
in Theologische Jugendschriften (1907), S. 261
The Spirit of Christianity and its Fate (1799)
