Benito Mussolini citations
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Benito Mussolini /benito mysɔlini/ , né le 29 juillet 1883 à Predappio et mort le 28 avril 1945 à Giulino di Mezzegra, est un journaliste, idéologue et homme d'État italien.

Fondateur du fascisme, il est président du Conseil du Royaume d'Italie, du 31 octobre 1922 au 25 juillet 1943, premier maréchal d'Empire du 30 mars 1938 au 25 juillet 1943, et chef de l'État de la République sociale italienne de septembre 1943 à avril 1945. Il est couramment désigné par le terme « Duce », mot italien dérivé du latin Dux et signifiant « Chef » ou « Guide ».

Il est d'abord membre du Parti socialiste italien et directeur du quotidien socialiste Avanti! à partir de 1912. Anti-interventionniste convaincu avant la Première Guerre mondiale, il change d'opinion en 1914, se déclarant favorable à l'entrée en guerre de l'Italie. Expulsé du PSI en novembre 1914, il crée son propre journal, Il Popolo d'Italia qui prend des positions nationalistes proches de celles de la petite bourgeoisie. Dans l'immédiate après-guerre, profitant du mécontentement de la « victoire mutilée », il crée le Parti national fasciste en 1921 et se présente au pays avec un programme politique nationaliste, autoritaire, antisocialiste et antisyndical, ce qui lui vaut l'appui de la petite bourgeoisie et d'une partie des classes moyennes industrielles et agraires.

Dans le contexte de forte instabilité politique et sociale qui suit la Grande Guerre, il vise la prise du pouvoir en forçant la main aux institutions avec l'aide des paramilitaires squadristi et l'intimidation qui culminent le 28 octobre 1922 avec la marche sur Rome. Mussolini obtient la charge de constituer le gouvernement le 30 octobre 1922. En 1924, après la victoire contestée des élections et l'assassinat du député socialiste Giacomo Matteotti, Mussolini assume l'entière responsabilité de la situation. La série de lois fascistissimes lui attribue, à partir de 1925, des pouvoirs dictatoriaux et fait de l'Italie un régime à parti unique.

Après 1935, il se rapproche du régime nazi d'Adolf Hitler avec qui il établit le Pacte d'acier . Convaincu d'un conflit à l'issue rapide, il entre dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale au côté de l'Allemagne nazie. Les défaites militaires de l'Italie et le débarquement des Alliés sur le sol italien entraînent sa mise en minorité par le Grand Conseil du fascisme le 24 juillet 1943 : il est alors destitué et arrêté par ordre du roi. Libéré par les Allemands, il instaure en Italie septentrionale la République sociale italienne. Le 25 avril 1945, alors qu'il tente de fuir pour la Valteline déguisé en soldat allemand, il est capturé par un groupe de partisans, qui le fusillent avec sa maîtresse Clara Petacci. Leurs corps sont livrés à une foule en colère et pendus par les pieds au carrefour de Piazzale Loreto à Milan. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. juillet 1883 – 28. avril 1945
Benito Mussolini photo
Benito Mussolini: 137   citations 6   J'aime

Benito Mussolini citations célèbres

“L'homme moderne a une tendance étonnante à croire.”

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Benito Mussolini Citations

Benito Mussolini: Citations en anglais

“My labor had not been easy nor light; our Masonry had spun a most intricate net of anti-religious activity; it dominated the currents of thought; it exercised its influence over publishing houses, over teaching, over the administration of justice and even over certain dominant sections of the armed forces. To give an idea of how far things had gone, this significant example is sufficient. When, in parliament, I delivered my first speech of November 16, 1922, after the Fascist revolution, I concluded by invoking the assistance of God in my difficult task. Well, this sentence of mine seemed to be out of place! In the Italian parliament, a field of action for Italian Masonry, the name of God had been banned for a long time. Not even the Popular party — the so-called Catholic party — had ever thought of speaking of God. In Italy, a political man did not even turn his thoughts to the Divinity. And, even if he had ever thought of doing so, political opportunism and cowardice would have deterred him, particularly in a legislative assembly. It remained for me to make this bold innovation! And in an intense period of revolution! What is the truth! It is that a faith openly professed is a sign of strength. I have seen the religious spirit bloom again; churches once more are crowded, the ministers of God are themselves invested with new respect. Fascism has done and is doing its duty.”

Benito Mussolini livre My Autobiography

1920s
Source: My Autobiography (1928)

“We assert—and on the basis of the most recent socialist literature that you cannot deny—that the real history of capitalism is only now beginning, because capitalism is not just a system of oppression; it also represents a choice of value,…”

As quoted in Mediterranean Fascism 1919-1945, edit., Charles F. Delzell, The MacMillian Press (1970) p. 23. Speech given on June 21, 1921 in Italy’s Chamber of Deputies.
1920s

“[Provincial Fascism is] “no longer liberation, but tyranny; no longer protector of the nation, but defense of private interests and of the dullest, deafest, most miserable cast that exists in Italy."”

Quoted in The Making of Fascism: Class, State, and Counter-Revolution, Italy 1919-1922, Dahlia S. Elazar, Westport, CT, Praeger, 2001, p. 141 and in Fascism in Ferrara, 1915-1925, Paul Corner, New York, NY, London: UK, Oxford Univ. Press, 1975, p. 193, n.5, Pact of Pacification, 1921
1920s

“The root of our psychological weakness was this: We socialists have never examined the problems of nations. The International was never concerned with it. The International is dead, paralyzed by events. Ten million proletarians are today on the battlefield.”

As quoted in The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution, J.L. Talmon, University of California Press (1981) p. 492. Original source: Mussolini, Opera Omnia VI, p. 427, 1914
1910s

“The outbreak of a socialist revolution in one country will cause the others to imitate it or so to strengthen the proletariat as to prevent its national bourgeoisie from attempting any armed intervention.”

As quoted in The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution: The Origins of Ideological Polarization in the 20th Century, Jacob Talmon, University of California Press (1981) p. 487
Undated

“It was inevitable that I should become a Socialist ultra, a Blanquist, indeed a communist. I carried about a medallion with Marx’s head on it in my pocket. I think I regarded it as a sort of talisman… [Marx] had a profound critical intelligence and was in some sense even a prophet.”

As quoted in Talks with Mussolini , Emil Ludwig, Boston, MA, Little, Brown and Company (1933) p. 38. Interview between March 23 and April 4, 1932, at the Palazzo di Venezia in Rome https://archive.org/details/talkswithmussoli006557mbp
1930s

“Shoot me in the chest.”

Mussolini's last words (28 April 1945), as quoted in "Mussolini" by Peter Neville,(2004) p. 195
1940s

“Believe, obey, fight.”

Mussolini and Fascism (2003) by Patricia Knight, p. 46
Undated

“Men do not move mountains; it is only necessary to create the illusion that mountains move.”

As quoted in The Great Illusion, 1900-1914, Oron J. Hale, Harper & Row (1971) p. 109
Undated

“With the unleashing of a mighty clash of peoples, the bourgeoisie is playing its last card and calls forth on the world scene that which Karl Marx called the sixth great power: the socialist revolution.”

As quoted in Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism, Ernst Nolte, New York: NY, Holt, Rinehart and Winston (1966) p. 156. Opera Omnia di Benito Mussolini, V, p. 121
Undated

“These men are not made of the same stuff as the Francis Drakes and the other magnificent adventurers who created the empire. These, after all, are the tired sons of a long line of rich men, and they will lose their empire.”

Remarks to Count Ciano (11 January 1939) after meeting Neville Chamberlain and Lord Halifax, quoted in Malcolm Muggeridge (ed.), Ciano's Diary, 1939–1943 (1947), pp. 9–10
1930s

“A revolutionist is born, not made.”

Talks with Mussolini, interviewer Emil Ludwig, Boston: MA, Little, Brown and Company, 1933, p. 66. Interview took place between March 23 and April 4, 1932
1930s

“No one knows better than I with forty years' political experience that policy--particularly a revolutionary policy--has its tactical requirements. I recognised the Soviets in 1924. In 1934, I signed with them a treaty of commerce and friendship. I, therefore, understood that, especially as Ribbentrop's forecast about the non-intervention of Britain and France has not come off, you are obliged to avoid the second front [with Russia]. You have had to pay for this in that Russia has, without striking a blow, been the great profiteer of the war in Poland and the Baltic. But I, who was born a revolutionary and have not modified my revolutionary mentality, tell you that you cannot permanently sacrifice the principles of your revolution to the tactical requirements of a given moment... I have also the definite duty to add that a further step in the relations with Moscow would have catastrophic repercussions in Italy, where the unanimity of anti-Bolshevik feeling is absolute, granite-hard, and unbreakable. Permit me to think that this will not happen. The solution of your Lebensraum is in Russia, and nowhere else... The day when we shall have demolished Bolshevism we shall have kept faith with both our revolutions. Then it will be the turn of the great democracies, who will not be able to survive the cancer which gnaws them...”

1930s
Source: Letter to Hitler, quoted in Winston Churchill's The Gathering Storm

“World Jewry has been, for sixteen years, despite our policy, an irreconcilable enemy of Fascism. In Italy our policy has led, in the Semitic elements, to what can today be called a true rush to board the ship.”

Speech held in Trieste (September 18, 1938)
Source: Il discorso di Trieste, archivioluce, 2021-01-04 https://www.archivioluce.com/2019/09/18/il-discorso-di-trieste/,

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