Benito Mussolini citations
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Benito Mussolini /benito mysɔlini/ , né le 29 juillet 1883 à Predappio et mort le 28 avril 1945 à Giulino di Mezzegra, est un journaliste, idéologue et homme d'État italien.

Fondateur du fascisme, il est président du Conseil du Royaume d'Italie, du 31 octobre 1922 au 25 juillet 1943, premier maréchal d'Empire du 30 mars 1938 au 25 juillet 1943, et chef de l'État de la République sociale italienne de septembre 1943 à avril 1945. Il est couramment désigné par le terme « Duce », mot italien dérivé du latin Dux et signifiant « Chef » ou « Guide ».

Il est d'abord membre du Parti socialiste italien et directeur du quotidien socialiste Avanti! à partir de 1912. Anti-interventionniste convaincu avant la Première Guerre mondiale, il change d'opinion en 1914, se déclarant favorable à l'entrée en guerre de l'Italie. Expulsé du PSI en novembre 1914, il crée son propre journal, Il Popolo d'Italia qui prend des positions nationalistes proches de celles de la petite bourgeoisie. Dans l'immédiate après-guerre, profitant du mécontentement de la « victoire mutilée », il crée le Parti national fasciste en 1921 et se présente au pays avec un programme politique nationaliste, autoritaire, antisocialiste et antisyndical, ce qui lui vaut l'appui de la petite bourgeoisie et d'une partie des classes moyennes industrielles et agraires.

Dans le contexte de forte instabilité politique et sociale qui suit la Grande Guerre, il vise la prise du pouvoir en forçant la main aux institutions avec l'aide des paramilitaires squadristi et l'intimidation qui culminent le 28 octobre 1922 avec la marche sur Rome. Mussolini obtient la charge de constituer le gouvernement le 30 octobre 1922. En 1924, après la victoire contestée des élections et l'assassinat du député socialiste Giacomo Matteotti, Mussolini assume l'entière responsabilité de la situation. La série de lois fascistissimes lui attribue, à partir de 1925, des pouvoirs dictatoriaux et fait de l'Italie un régime à parti unique.

Après 1935, il se rapproche du régime nazi d'Adolf Hitler avec qui il établit le Pacte d'acier . Convaincu d'un conflit à l'issue rapide, il entre dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale au côté de l'Allemagne nazie. Les défaites militaires de l'Italie et le débarquement des Alliés sur le sol italien entraînent sa mise en minorité par le Grand Conseil du fascisme le 24 juillet 1943 : il est alors destitué et arrêté par ordre du roi. Libéré par les Allemands, il instaure en Italie septentrionale la République sociale italienne. Le 25 avril 1945, alors qu'il tente de fuir pour la Valteline déguisé en soldat allemand, il est capturé par un groupe de partisans, qui le fusillent avec sa maîtresse Clara Petacci. Leurs corps sont livrés à une foule en colère et pendus par les pieds au carrefour de Piazzale Loreto à Milan. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. juillet 1883 – 28. avril 1945
Benito Mussolini photo
Benito Mussolini: 137   citations 6   J'aime

Benito Mussolini citations célèbres

“L'homme moderne a une tendance étonnante à croire.”

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Benito Mussolini Citations

Benito Mussolini: Citations en anglais

“I owe most to Georges Sorel. This master of syndicalism by his rough theories of revolutionary tactics has contributed most to form the discipline, energy and power of the fascist cohorts.”

As Quoted in The New Inquisitions: Heretic-Hunting and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Totalitarianism, Arthur Versluis, Oxford University Press (2006) p. 39.
Undated

“Although we can discuss the question of what socialism is, what is its program and what are its tactics, one thing is obvious: the official Italian Socialist Party has been reactionary and absolutely conservative.”

Mussolini's March 23, 1919 speech to announce the first Fasci di Combattimento (League of Combat). Published in Fascism, Anti-Fascism and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present, Stanislao G. Pugliese, Lanham: Maryland, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. (2004) p. 43
1910s

“This is the epitaph I want on my tomb: "Here lies one of the most intelligent animals who ever appeared on the face of the Earth."”

Remark to Galeazzo Ciano (December 19, 1937) quoted in The Book of Italian Wisdom (2003) by Antonio Santi, p. 50
1930s

“Thirty centuries of history allow us to look with supreme pity on certain doctrines which are preached beyond the Alps by the descendants of those who were illiterate when Rome had Caesar, Virgil and Augustus.”

Speech at the 5th Levantine Fair (6 September 1934) in reference to German Nordicism; quoted in Hitler's Ten-year War on the Jews http://books.google.com/books?id=vCA4AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Thirty+centuries+of+history+allow+us+to+look+with+supreme+pity%22&dq=%22Thirty+centuries+of+history+allow+us+to+look+with+supreme+pity%22&pgis=1 (1946) by the Institute of Jewish Affairs
1930s

“We declare war against socialism, not because it is socialism, but because it has opposed nationalism…. We intend to be an active minority, attract the proletariat away from the official Socialist party. But if the middle class thinks that we are going to be their lightning rods, they are mistaken.”

Mussolini’s speech in Milan (March 23, 1919), quoted in Stanislao G. Pugliese, Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present, Oxford, England, UK, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., (2004) p. 43
1910s

“Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State.”

Benito Mussolini livre The Doctrine of Fascism

"The Doctrine of Fascism" (1932), quoted in The New York Times (11 January 1935)
1930s

“[Marx was] the magnificent philosopher of working class violence.”

As quoted by Mussolini in From George Sorel: Essays in Socialism and Philosophy by John L. Stanley (1987) p. 4.
Undated

“Three-fourths of the Italian economy, industrial and agricultural, is in the hands of the state. And if I dare to introduce to Italy state capitalism or state socialism, which is the reverse side of the medal, I will have the necessary subjective and objective conditions to do it.”

The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy Since Unification, by Gianni Toniolo, editor, Oxford University Press (2013) p. 59. Mussolini’s speech to the Chamber of Deputies on May 26, 1934.
1930s

“Italy is not a capitalist country according to the meaning now conventionally assigned to that term.”

Address to the National Corporative Council (November 14, 1933), in A Primer of Italian Fascism, edited/translated by Jeffrey T. Schnapp (2000) p 160.
1930s

“Liberty is a duty, not a right.”

Speech on the 5th anniversary of the Combat Leagues (24 March 1924) quoted in Ezra Pound and Italian Fascism (1991) by Tim Redman, p. 114.
1920s

“I am not a collector of deserts!”

Remark to Pierre Laval (Jan. 5, 1935) on a proposed Ethiopian border, quoted in Duce!: A Biography of Benito Mussolini (1971) by Richard Collier, p. 125
1930s

“I want to make my own life a masterpiece.”

Talks with Mussolini (1932), quoting earlier remarks
As quoted in " Duce (1922-42)" in TIME magazine (2 August 1943) http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,777927-4,00.html
1930s
Variante: I shall make my own life a masterpiece.

“The Truth Apparent, apparent to everyone's eyes who are not blinded by dogmatism, is that men are perhaps weary of liberty. They have a surfeit of it. Liberty is no longer the virgin, chaste and severe, to be fought for … we have buried the putrid corpse of liberty … the Italian people are a race of sheep.”

Written statement (1934), quoted in Fascism and Democracy in the Human Mind : A Bridge Between Mind and Society (2006) by Israel W. Charny, p. 23
Variant translation: The truth is that men are tired of liberty.
Attributed to Mussolini in Crash Gordon and the Mysteries of Kingsburg (2007) by Derek Swannson, p. 507; similar remarks are also attributed to Adolf Hitler
A similar statement appears in "Forza e Consenso" Gerarchia magazine (March 1923), excerpted in Cos'è il fascismo https://www.liberliber.it/online/autori/autori-m/benito-mussolini/cose-il-fascismo/ (1983)
1930s

“War is the normal state of the people.”

"Duce (1922-42)" in TIME magazine (August 2, 1943)
1940s

“I have no love for the Jews, but they have great influence everywhere. It is better to leave them alone. Hitler's antisemitism has already brought him more enemies than is necessary.”

Mussolini in conversation with the Austrian ambassador to Italy in 1932 over the then-predicted rise of Adolf Hitler to power in Germany. As quoted in Esau's Tears: Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews, Albert S. Lindemann, Cambridge University Press (1997), p. 466
1930s

“For my part I prefer fifty thousand rifles to five million votes.”

Christopher Hibbert, as quoted in Benito Mussolini: The Rise and Fall of Il Duce (1965) p. 40
Undated

“I know the Communists. I know them because some of them are my children…”

Speech quoted in Three Faces of Fascism: Action Française, Italian Fascism, National Socialism by Ernst Nolte, Henry Holt & Company, Inc. (1966) p. 154. Speech given on June 21, 1921 in Italy’s Chamber of Deputies.
1920s
Original: Conosco i comunisti. Li conosco perchè parte di loro sono i miei figli... intendiamoci... spirituali.

“In the whole negative part, we are alike. We and the Russians are against liberals, against democrats, against parliament.”

As quoted in Russia Under The Bolshevik Regime, Richard Pipes, New York: NY, Vintage Books, 1995, p. 252, and in Yvon de Begnac, Palazzo Venezia: Storia di un Regime, Rome, 1950, p. 361.
Undated

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