Quotes from book
The Universe in a Nutshell

The Universe in a Nutshell

The Universe in a Nutshell is a 2001 book about theoretical physics by Stephen Hawking. It is generally considered a sequel and was created to update the public concerning developments since the multi-million-copy bestseller A Brief History of Time published in 1988.


Stephen Hawking photo
Stephen Hawking photo

“So what is real and what is imaginary? Is the distinction just in our minds?”

Stephen Hawking book The Universe in a Nutshell

The Universe in a Nutshell (2001), p. 59
Context: One might think this means that imaginary numbers are just a mathematical game having nothing to do with the real world. From the viewpoint of positivist philosophy, however, one cannot determine what is real. All one can do is find which mathematical models describe the universe we live in. It turns out that a mathematical model involving imaginary time predicts not only effects we have already observed but also effects we have not been able to measure yet nevertheless believe in for other reasons. So what is real and what is imaginary? Is the distinction just in our minds?

Similar authors

Stephen Hawking photo
Stephen Hawking122
British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author 1942–2018
Max Planck photo
Max Planck30
German theoretical physicist None
Paul Dirac photo
Paul Dirac23
theoretical physicist None
Richard Feynman photo
Richard Feynman181
American theoretical physicist None
Steven Weinberg photo
Steven Weinberg46
American theoretical physicist None
Peter Higgs photo
Peter Higgs8
British physicist None
Roy J. Glauber photo
Roy J. Glauber1
American theoretical physicist None
Werner Heisenberg photo
Werner Heisenberg42
German theoretical physicist None
Vitaly Ginzburg photo
Vitaly Ginzburg2
Russian Physicist None
Abdus Salam photo
Abdus Salam3
theoretical physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics recipient None