Quotes from book
A Theory of Justice

A Theory of Justice

A Theory of Justice is a 1971 work of political philosophy and ethics by John Rawls, in which the author addresses the problem of distributive justice . The theory utilises an updated form of Kantian philosophy and a variant form of conventional social contract theory. Rawls's theory of justice is fully a political theory of justice as opposed to other forms of justice discussed in other disciplines and contexts.


“Our concern is solely with the basic structure of society and its major institutions and therefore with the standard cases of social justice.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 10, pg. 58

“I am particularly grateful to Nozick for his unfailing help and encouragement during the last stages.”

Preface, pg. xii
A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999)

“We may suppose that everyone has in himself the whole form of a moral conception.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 9, pg. 50

“Clearly when the liberties are left unrestricted they collide with one another.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IV, Section 32, p. 203

“An intuitionist conception of justice is, one might say, but half a conception.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 8, pg. 41

“Greater intelligence, wealth and opportunity, for example, allow a person to achieve ends he could not rationally contemplate otherwise.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 15, pg. 93

“The circumstances of justice may be described as the normal conditions under which human cooperation is both possible and necessary.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter III, Section 22, pg. 126

“The extreme nature of dominant-end views is often concealed by the vagueness and ambiguity of the end proposed.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IX, Section 83, p. 554

“The suppression of liberty is always likely to be irrational.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IV, Section 33, p. 210

“This is a long book, not only in pages.”

Preface, pg. viii
A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999)

“Justice does not require that men must stand idly by while others destroy the basis of their existence.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter IV, Section 35, p. 218

“Justice as fairness provides what we want.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter III, Section 30, pg. 190

“No one deserves his greater natural capacity nor merits a more favorable starting place in society.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter II, Section 17, pg. 102

“Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter I, Section 1, pg. 3-4
Context: Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. Each person possesses an inviolability founded on justice that even the welfare of society as a whole cannot override. For this reason justice denies that the loss of freedom for some is made right by a greater good shared by others. It does not allow that the sacrifices imposed on a few are outweighed by the larger sum of advantages enjoyed by many. Therefore in a just society the liberties of equal citizenship are taken as settled; the rights secured by justice are not subject to political bargaining or to the calculus of social interests.

“We cannot at the end count them a second time because we do not like the result.”

Source: A Theory of Justice (1971; 1975; 1999), Chapter III, Section 23, pg. 135
Context: The claims of existing social arrangements and of self interest have been duly allowed for. We cannot at the end count them a second time because we do not like the result.