Alan Chalmers book What Is This Thing Called Science?
Source: What Is This Thing Called Science? (Third Edition; 1999), Chapter 4, Deriving theories from facts: induction, p. 41.
page 95.
Manual of Political Economy
Alan Chalmers book What Is This Thing Called Science?
Source: What Is This Thing Called Science? (Third Edition; 1999), Chapter 4, Deriving theories from facts: induction, p. 41.
Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) British theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author
The Beginning of Time (1996)
Charles Proteus Steinmetz (1865–1923) Mathematician and electrical engineer
New York Times interview (1911)
Alfredo Rocco (1875–1935) Italian politician and jurist
The end is the same for both, namely, the welfare of the individual members of society. The difference lies in the fact that liberalism would be guided to its goal by liberty, whereas socialism strives to attain it by the collective organization of production.
Source: The Political Doctrine of Fascism (1925), pp. 108-109
“The catastrophist constructs theories, the uniformitarian demolishes them.”
William Whewell (1794–1866) English philosopher & historian of science
Aphorism 36.
Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences (1840)
Paul Bernays (1888–1977) Swiss mathematician
Paul Bernays, Platonism in mathematics http://sites.google.com/site/ancientaroma2/book_platonism.pdf (1935)
Joseph Stalin (1879–1953) General secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Anarchism or Socialism (1906)
Stephen Hawking book A Brief History of Time
Source: A Brief History of Time (1988), Ch. 1
Context: Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory.