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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1. baron Macaulay , brytyjski pisarz, historyk i polityk, członek stronnictwa wigów, minister w rządach lorda Melbourne'a i lorda Johna Russella.

Był najstarszym synem Zachary'ego Macaulaya, abolicjonisty i gubernatora Sierra Leone. Wykształcenie odebrał w Trinity College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge. Podczas studiów pisał wiersze i wygrał wiele nagród, m.in. złoty medal Kanclerza Uniwersytetu w czerwcu 1821 r. W 1825 r. opublikował esej o Johnie Miltonie na łamach Edinburgh Review. W 1826 r. rozpoczął praktykę adwokacką, ale porzucił karierę prawniczą dla polityki.

W 1830 r. został wybrany do Izby Gmin z okręgu Calne. Dał się poznać jako zwolennik reform wyborczych oraz równouprawnienia obywateli, głównie zniesienia dyskryminacji Żydów. Po uchwaleniu Great Reform Act w 1832 r. zmienił okręg na Leeds. W latach 1832-1833 był sekretarzem Rady Kontroli. Po uchwaleniu Government of India Act w 1833 r. został jednym z członków Rady Gubernatora Generalnego.

Macaulay wyjechał do Indii w 1834 r. Przez 4 lata pracował w Najwyższej Radzie Indii. Doprowadził do ustanowienia języka angielskiego obowiązkowym językiem szkolnictwa wyższego. Stał na czele Komisji Prawnej, która przygotowała założenia Kodeksu Karnego , Kodeksu Procedury Karnej oraz Kodeksu Procedury Cywilnej .

Po powrocie do Wielkiej Brytanii w 1838 r. Macaulay uzyskał mandat parlamentarny z okręgu Edinburgh. W 1839 r. został sekretarzem ds. wojny. Po upadku gabinetu w 1841 r. poświęcił się pracy literackiej. Napisał wówczas zbiór ballad Lays of Ancient Rome. W 1841 r. przedstawił swoje poglądy na kwestie prawa autorskiego, które stały się ważną podstawą kształtowania się tego prawa w krajach anglosaskich. W latach 1846-1848 był Paymaster-General. W 1847 r. utracił miejsce w Izbie Gmin.

W 1849 r. został wybrany rektorem Uniwersytetu Glasgow. W 1852 r. został ponownie wybrany z okręgu Edinburgh, ale z powodu złego stanu zdrowia, który doprowadził go do zawału serca, zrezygnował z mandatu w 1856 r. Był jednym z założycieli National Portrait Gallery. W 1857 r. otrzymał tytuł 1. barona Macaulay i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. Zmarł w 1859 r. i został pochowany w Opactwie Westminsterskim. Nigdy się nie ożenił i nie pozostawił potomstwa. Wraz z jego śmiercią wygasł tytuł parowski.

Umierając Macaulay pozostawił niedokończonym swoje najważniejsze dzieło, Dzieje Anglii od wstąpienia na tron Jakuba II. Pracę nad nim rozpoczął w latach 40. Pierwsze dwie części ukazały się w 1848 r., dwie następne w 1855 r. Macaulay miał nadzieję dojść w swojej pracy do śmierci królowej Anny , ale zmarł ukończywszy tylko jeszcze jeden tom. Szóstą część, kończącą się na śmierci Wilhelma III wydała po śmierci Macaulaya jego siostra. Chociaż jego praca była krytykowana za nieukrywaną sympatię do wigów, sprzedano w tydzień 26 000 jej egzemplarzy. Przetłumaczono ją na język niemiecki, polski, duński, szwedzki, włoski, język francuski, niderlandzki, hiszpański, węgierski, rosyjski, czeski i perski. Wikipedia  

✵ 25. Październik 1800 – 28. Grudzień 1859  •  Natępne imiona Thomas Babington Macaulay, Thomas Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay Fotografia
Thomas Babington Macaulay: 103 cytaty0 Polubień

Thomas Babington Macaulay cytaty

„Grzeczność – to dobroć w drobnostkach.”

Thomas Babington Macaulay

Źródło: Leksykon złotych myśli, wyboru dokonał Krzysztof Nowak, Warszawa 1998.

„Im więcej czytam o Sokratesie, tym mniej się dziwię, że go otruto.”

Thomas Babington Macaulay

The more I read about him, the less I wonder that they poisoned him.
Źródło: Robert E. Sullivan, Macaulay: The Tragedy of Power, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009, s. 172.

Thomas Babington Macaulay: Cytaty po angielsku

“Nothing is so galling to a people not broken in from the birth as a paternal, or, in other words, a meddling government, a government which tells them what to read, and say, and eat, and drink and wear.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Southey's Colloquies on Society (1830)

“In order that he might rob a neighbour whom he had promised to defend, black men fought on the coast of Coromandel and red men scalped each other by the great lakes of North America.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Fredrick the Great (1842)

“We have classical associations and great names of our own which we can confidently oppose to the most splendid of ancient times. Senate has not to our ears a sound so venerable as Parliament. We respect the Great Charter more than the laws of Solon. The Capitol and the Forum impress us with less awe than our own Westminster Hall and Westminster Abbey…The list of warriors and statesmen by whom our constitution was founded or preserved, from De Montfort down to Fox, may well stand a comparison with the Fasti of Rome. The dying thanksgiving of Sydney is as noble as the libation which Thrasea poured to Liberating Jove: and we think with far less pleasure of Cato tearing out his entrails than of Russell saying, as he turned away from his wife, that the bitterness of death was past.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

' History https://www.gutenberg.org/files/55901/55901-h/55901-h.htm', Edinburgh Review (May 1828)

“Nine-tenths the calamities of the human race are due to the union of high intelligence with low desires.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

"Lord Bacon", (1837) in Essays 2:183
Attributed

“There is only one cure for the evils which newly acquired freedom produces, and that cure is freedom.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Milton (1825)

“From the poetry of Lord Byron they drew a system of ethics compounded of misanthropy and voluptuousness,—a system in which the two great commandments were to hate your neighbour and to love your neighbour’s wife.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Moore’s Life of Lord Byron (1830)

“It is odd that the last twenty-five years which have witnessed the greatest progress ever made in physical science—the greatest victories ever achieved by mind over matter—should have produced hardly a volume that will be remembered in 1900.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Diary entry (9 March 1850)

“As civilization advances, poetry almost necessarily declines.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Milton (1825)

“She [the Roman Catholic Church] may still exist in undiminished vigour when some traveller from New Zealand shall, in the midst of a vast solitude, take his stand on a broken arch of London Bridge to sketch the ruins of St. Paul’s.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Ranke's History of the Popes (1840)

“Every schoolboy knows who imprisoned Montezuma, and who strangled Atahualpa.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Lord Clive (1840)

“There were gentlemen and there were seamen in the navy of Charles II. But the seamen were not gentlemen, and the gentlemen were not seamen.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Vol. I, ch. 2
History of England (1849–1861)

“A single breaker may recede; but the tide is evidently coming in.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Southey's Colloquies on Society (1830)

“Nothing is so useless as a general maxim.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Machiavelli (1827)

“The English Bible,—a book which if everything else in our language should perish, would alone suffice to show the whole extent of its beauty and power.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On John Dryden (1828)

“We know no spectacle so ridiculous as the British public in one of its periodical fits of morality.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Moore’s Life of Lord Byron (1830)

“We hardly know an instance of the strength and weakness of human nature so striking and so grotesque as the character of this haughty, vigilant, resolute, sagacious blue-stocking, half Mithridates and half Trissotin, bearing up against a world in arms, with an ounce of poison in one pocket and a quire of bad verses in the other.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Fredrick the Great (1842)

“We hold that the most wonderful and splendid proof of genius is a great poem produced in a civilized age.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Milton (1825)

“Wherever literature consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears, and ache for the dark house and the long sleep,—there is exhibited in its noblest form the immortal influence of Athens.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Essay on Mitford's History of Greece (1824)

“In that temple of silence and reconciliation where the enmities of twenty generations lie buried, in the great Abbey which has during many ages afforded a quiet resting-place to those whose minds and bodies have been shattered by the contentions of the Great Hall.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Warren Hastings (1841)

“His imagination resembled the wings of an ostrich. It enabled him to run, though not to soar.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On John Dryden (1828)

“What a singular destiny has been that of this remarkable man!—To be regarded in his own age as a classic, and in ours as a companion! To receive from his contemporaries that full homage which men of genius have in general received only from posterity; to be more intimately known to posterity than other men are known to their contemporaries!”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Boswell’s Life of Johnson (1831)

“Nobles by the right of an earlier creation, and priests by the imposition of a mightier hand.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On Milton (1825)

“Press where ye see my white plume shine, amidst the ranks of war,
And be your oriflamme today the helmet of Navarre.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Ivry: A Song of the Huguenots http://www.bartleby.com/246/76.html, l. 29 (1824)

“We are free, we are civilised, to little purpose, if we grudge to any portion of the human race an equal measure of freedom and civilisation.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_commons_indiagovt_1833.html#13
Attributed

“"Oh, Tiber! Father Tiber!
To whom the Romans pray,
A Roman's life, a Roman's arms,
Take thou in charge this day!"
So he spake, and speaking sheathed
The good sword by his side,
And with his harness on his back,
Plunged headlong in the tide.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay książka Lays of Ancient Rome

Horatius, st. 59
Lays of Ancient Rome (1842)

“Ye diners-out from whom we guard our spoons.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

Political Georgics (June 29, 1831)

“The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

citation needed <br class="br">The earliest quotations of this give it as anonymous or unknown author. https://books.google.com/books?id=hPIsAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA321&amp;dq=%22what+he+would+do+if+he+knew+it+would+never+be+found+out%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CBwQ6AEwAGoVChMIlvi0prz_xwIVTwaSCh0hVwX5#v=onepage&amp;q=%22what%20he%20would%20do%20if%20he%20knew%20it%20would%20never%20be%20found%20out%22&amp;f=false https://books.google.com/books?id=i2MPAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA16-IA71&amp;dq=%22what+he+would+do+if+he+knew+it+would+never+be+found+out%22&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0CB0Q6AEwAGoVChMIkMmp8rz_xwIV1BGSCh25lAO0#v=onepage&amp;q=%22what%20he%20would%20do%20if%20he%20knew%20it%20would%20never%20be%20found%20out%22&amp;f=false <br class="br">Attributed

“These be the great Twin Brethren
To whom the Dorians pray.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

The Battle of Lake Regillus; reported in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919)

“A man possessed of splendid talents, which he often abused, and of a sound judgment, the admonitions of which he often neglected; a man who succeeded only in an inferior department of his art, but who in that department succeeded pre-eminently.”

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Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay

On John Dryden (1828)