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Joseph E. Stiglitz cytaty

Joseph Eugene Stiglitz – amerykański ekonomista, laureat Nagrody Banku Szwecji im. Alfreda Nobla w dziedzinie ekonomii oraz John Bates Clark Medal . Wikipedia  

✵ 9. Luty 1943   •   Natępne imiona Joseph Eugene Stiglitz
Joseph E. Stiglitz Fotografia
Joseph E. Stiglitz: 52   Cytaty 1   Polubienie

Joseph E. Stiglitz słynne cytaty

„Mówią np., że socjalistyczna medycyna działa źle albo że rząd nadmiernie ingerowałby w życie obywateli, co w Ameryce jest nośnym argumentem. Wielu ludzi wciąż nie dostrzega, że prywatne ubezpieczenia są droższe, mniej efektywne i gorzej chronią prawa pacjentów niż ubezpieczenia państwowe. Jeśli np. ktoś przyjmuje drogie leki, za które płaci ubezpieczenie państwowe, a ubezpieczyciel nie chce dalej finansować tej terapii, chory ma się do kogo odwołać. W systemie ubezpieczeń prywatnych natychmiast traci dostęp do drogich leków. Jeśli ma dość siły, żeby wytoczyć proces firmie ubezpieczeniowej, może nawet po roku wygrać. O ile wcześniej nie umrze.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

„Spójrzmy na silne i stabilne gospodarki krajów skandynawskich. Mają wysokie podatki, a równocześnie wzrost gospodarczy, doskonałe wskaźniki rozwoju społecznego, znakomity poziom edukacji i służby zdrowia. Obniżenie podatków przez administrację Busha w niewielkim tylko stopniu pobudziło gospodarkę. Z cięć podatkowych skorzystali bowiem najbogatsi.(…) Cięcia podatkowe mają też inne fatalne skutki – mniej jest pieniędzy na inwestycje publiczne, infrastrukturę, badania naukowe, edukację. Dolar stał się niestabilny.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

„Niepowodzenia na rynkach finansowych jaskrawo pokazały wagę niedoskonałej wiedzy (…) Konsekwencje były jasne: system nie podołał zadaniom do których był przeznaczony – alokowaniu kapitału w wydajny sposób i zarządzaniu ryzykiem.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: The Financial Crisis of 2007/2008 and its Macroeconomic Consequenses, Initiative for Policy Dialogue Taks Force, czerwiec 2008, str. 9.

„Oczywiste jest, że Chiny staną się główną siłą gospodarczą na świecie. To, czego potrzebuje Europa, to odnalezienie nisz, w których może stać się liderem. Do tego potrzebne są bardzo duże inwestycje w badania, rozwój i edukację.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: rp.pl, 7 października 2008 http://www.rp.pl/artykul/201346.html

„Ekipa Busha sięga do najgorszych kart w historii USA. Gdy dorastałem, pewne zasady wydawały się niewzruszone – to, że człowieka nie można więzić bez wyroku sądu, że aresztowanemu trzeba przedstawić zarzuty, że ma prawo do sprawiedliwego procesu z udziałem obrońcy itp. Administracja Busha zawiesiła te zasady. Ameryka podpisała międzynarodową konwencję o zakazie tortur, ale ekipa Busha łamie także i tę normę. Powiedziałbym, że ta ekipa wypaczyła wszystko, co można nazwać wartościami amerykańskimi. Prezentuje nie jeden z nurtów naszej tradycji, ale tendencję skrajną.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

„Administracja Busha od początku broniła interesów ludzi najbogatszych, lekceważyła ochronę środowiska i działała w sposób skrajnie nieodpowiedzialny w polityce finansowej. Obronie interesów najbogatszych służyły cięcia podatkowe. Interesom korporacyjnym – polityka, którą nazywam „wyciśnijmy z Ameryki, ile się da”. Jej przejawem jest dążenie do eksploatacji złóż ropy nawet tam, gdzie przynosi to katastrofalne skutki dla środowiska – np. na Alasce. Taką politykę może prowadzić tylko ktoś, kogo nie obchodzą przyszłe pokolenia Amerykanów, kto ma na uwadze jedynie interesy korporacji.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka. gazeta. pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

Joseph E. Stiglitz cytaty

„Wysokie subsydia rolne w USA i Unii Europejskiej osłabiły rolnictwo w krajach rozwijających się, gdzie zbyt mało środków jest kierowanych na poprawę efektywności w tym sektorze. Pomoc rozwojowa dla tych krajów kierowana do sektora rolniczego jest coraz niższa, spadła w ostatnich latach z 17 do 3 proc. całkowitej pomocy. Bogate kraje muszą zreformować lub nawet zawiesić politykę rolną destabilizującą światowe rynki i powinny pomóc biedniejszym krajom w zwiększeniu ich potencjału produkcji żywności.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: rp.pl, 7 października 2008 http://www.rp.pl/artykul/201346.html

O pomocy

„Pytałem decydentów MFW, jakie mają dowody na to, że ich neoliberalna polityka jest właściwa. Odpowiadali, że nie potrzebują dowodów. Wyglądało to tak, jakby chodziło im nie o politykę, lecz o religię. Ale to tylko część odpowiedzi. Forsowali taką politykę także dlatego, że chciało jej Wall Street. Niestabilność, kryzysy, łączenie firm, dzielenie firm to raj dla sektora finansowego, który robi na tym ogromne pieniądze.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

O pieniądzach , O religii

„W czasie spowolnienia gospodarki poszczególne kraje powinny mieć możliwość elastycznej reakcji. Utrata niezależnej polityki monetarnej jest prawdopodobnie największą wadą przystępowania do strefy euro.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: rp.pl, 7 października 2008 http://www.rp.pl/artykul/201346.html

O czasie

„Jeszcze w 1999 r. szefowie MFW stawiali Argentynę za wzór dla państw rozwijających się. Dwa lata później nastąpiła całkowita zapaść.
Neoliberalna recepta nie działa. W Ameryce Łacińskiej w latach 90. – gdy większość krajów podążała za wskazaniami MFW – wzrost gospodarczy stanowił ledwie połowę wzrostu osiąganego w latach 50., 60. czy 70. Nie muszę dodawać, że beneficjentami wzrostu w latach 90. byli jedynie ludzie ze szczytów drabiny społecznej.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka. gazeta. pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

O ludziach

„Kto przeprowadził rewolucję internetową i biotechnologiczną? Rząd, nie sektor prywatny.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

„Po upadku komunizmu nikt przecież nie twierdzi, że państwo ma kontrolować całe życie gospodarcze. Wszyscy zgadzają się, że gospodarka powinna być mieszana – z udziałem rynku, państwa i trzeciego sektora, czyli organizacji pozarządowych. Różnice dotyczą jedynie kwestii, jaki ma być kształt gospodarki mieszanej.(…) Szwecja, Dania, Finlandia, Korea Południowa to też małe kraje, które jednak nie poszły za wzorami z USA i odniosły sukces. Każdy z tych krajów ma odmienną miksturę państwa, rynku i trzeciego sektora. We wszystkich rząd odgrywa ważną rolę w takich dziedzinach, jak polityka przemysłowa, badania, edukacja, infrastruktura. Nikt nie uległ absurdalnej wizji zmniejszania podatków i redukowania roli państwa.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: gospodarka.gazeta.pl, 20 stycznia 2007 http://gospodarka.gazeta.pl/gospodarka/1,52981,3862752.html

O życiu , O sukcesie

„Upadek Wall Street pokazuje światu, że pewien sposób funkcjonowania gospodarki jest nie do utrzymania. Ludzie dochodzą do wniosku, że ten model nie działa. To, co się dzieje, jest znakiem, że nawoływania do liberalizacji rynków finansowych były błędne.”

Joseph E. Stiglitz

Źródło: rp.pl, 7 października 2008 http://www.rp.pl/artykul/201346.html

O ludziach , O świecie

Joseph E. Stiglitz: Cytaty po angielsku

“Rather than justice for all, we are evolving into a system of justice for those who can afford it. We have banks that are not only too big to fail, but too big to be held accountable.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

“Development is about transforming the lives of people, not just transforming economies.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

Źródło: Making Globalization Work

“The theories that I (and others) helped develop explained why unfettered markets often not only do not lead to social justice, but do not even produce efficient outcomes. Interestingly, there has been no intellectual challenge to the refutation of Adam Smith’s invisible hand: individuals and firms, in the pursuit of their self-interest, are not necessarily, or in general, led as if by an invisible hand, to economic efficiency. The only question that has been raised concerns the ability of government to remedy the deficiencies of the market. Within academia, a significant fraction of economists are involved with developing and expanding on the ideas of imperfect information (and imperfect markets) that I explored. For instance, Edmund Phelps, this year’s Nobel Prize winner, belongs to this "school" of thought. But in political discourse, simplistic “market fundamentalism” continues to exert enormous influence.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Interview on Bebbe Grillo's Blog http://www.beppegrillo.it/eng/2007/01/stiglitz.html, January 2007.

“There must have been something in the air of Gary that led one into economics: the first Nobel Prize winner, Paul Samuelson, was also from Gary, as were several other distinguished economists… Certainly, the poverty, the discrimination, the episodic unemployment could not but strike an inquiring youngster: why did these exist, and what could we do about them.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“My teachers helped guide and motivate me; but the responsibility of learning was left with me.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“Most poor people earn more than minimum wage when they are working; their problem is not low wages. The problem comes when they are not working.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Economics (1993).

“1. The standard neoclassical model the formal articulation of Adam Smith's invisible hand, the contention that market economies will ensure economic efficiency provides little guidance for the choice of economic systems, since once information imperfections (and the fact that markets are incomplete) are brought into the analysis, as surely they must be, there is no presumption that markets are efficient.
2. The Lange-Lerner-Taylor theorem, asserting the equivalence of market and market socialist economies, is based on a misguided view of the market, of the central problems of resource allocation, and (not surprisingly, given the first two failures) of how the market addresses those basic problems.
3. The neoclassical paradigm, through its incorrect characterization of the market economies and the central problems of resource allocation, provides a false sense of belief in the ability of market socialism to solve those resource allocation problems. To put it another way, if the neoclassical paradigm had provided a good description of the resource allocation problem and the market mechanism, then market socialism might well have been a success. The very criticisms of market socialism are themselves, to a large extent, criticisms of the neoclassical paradigm.
4. The central economic issues go beyond the traditional three questions posed at the beginning of every introductory text: What is to be produced? How is it to be produced? And for whom is it to be produced? Among the broader set of questions are: How should these resource allocation decisions be made? Who should make these decisions? How can those who are responsible for making these decisions be induced to make the right decisions? How are they to know what and how much information to acquire before making the decisions? How can the separate decisions of the millions of actors decision makers in the economy be coordinated?
5. At the core of the success of market economies are competition, markets, and decentralization. It is possible to have these, and for the government to still play a large role in the economy; indeed it may be necessary for the government to play a large role if competition is to be preserved. There has recently been extensive confusion over to what to attribute the East Asian miracle, the amazingly rapid growth in countries of this region during the past decade or two. Countries like Korea did make use of markets; they were very export oriented. And because markets played such an important role, some observers concluded that their success was convincing evidence of the power of markets alone. Yet in almost every case, government played a major role in these economies. While Wade may have put it too strongly when he entitled his book on the Taiwan success Governing the Market, there is little doubt that government intervened in the economy through the market.
6. At the core of the failure of the socialist experiment is not just the lack of property rights. Equally important were the problems arising from lack of incentives and competition, not only in the sphere of economics but also in politics. Even more important perhaps were problems of information. Hayek was right, of course, in emphasizing that the information problems facing a central planner were overwhelming. I am not sure that Hayek fully appreciated the range of information problems. If they were limited to the kinds of information problems that are at the center of the Arrow-Debreu model consumers conveying their preferences to firms, and scarcity values being communicated both to firms and consumers then market socialism would have worked. Lange would have been correct that by using prices, the socialist economy could "solve" the information problem just as well as the market could. But problems of information are broader.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Whither Socialism?

Źródło: Whither Socialism? (1994), Ch. 1 : The Theory of Socialism and the Power of Economic Ideas

“I, like many members of my generation, was concerned with segregation and the repeated violation of civil rights. We were impatient with those (like President Kennedy) who took a cautious approach. How could we continue to countenance these injustices that had gone on so long? (The fact that so many people in the establishment seemed to do so — as they had accepted colonialism, slavery, and other forms of oppression — left a life-long mark. It reinforced a distrust of authority which I had had from childhood).”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“The reason that the invisible hand often seems invisible is that it is often not there.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Quoted in Daniel Altman, "Managing Globalization: Q & A with Joseph Stiglitz" http://blogs.iht.com/tribtalk/business/globalization/?p=177, The International Herald Tribune (2006-10-11).

“There was an incongruity between many of the models that we were taught and the policy positions that our teachers (and we) believed in. The models seemed more consonant with free market prescriptions, though they were presented more as benchmarks rather than full characterizations.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“The notion that every well educated person would have a mastery of at least the basic elements of the humanities, sciences, and social sciences is a far cry from the specialized education that most students today receive, particularly in the research universities.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“I recognized that information was, in many respects, like a public good, and it was this insight that made it clear to me that it was unlikely that the private market would provide efficient resource allocations whenever information was endogenous.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“There is little doubt that the observation that quality may depend on price (productivity on wages; default probability on interest rates) has provided a rich mine for economic theorists: A simple modification of the basic assumptions results in a profound alteration of many of the basic conclusions of the standard paradigm. The Law of Supply and Demand has been repealed. The Law of the Single Price has been repealed. The Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics has been shown not to be valid.
More than that, the theories that we describe here provide the basis of progress toward a unification of macroeconomics and microeconomics. They pro vide an explanation of unemployment and credit rationing, derived from basic microeconomic principles. It is a theory in which the extensive idleness that periodically confronts society's resources, human and capital, is seen as but the most obvious example of market failures that prevasively and persistently distort the allocation of resources.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

"The Causes and Consequences of The Dependence of Quality on Price", Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Mar., 1987)

“Once I undertook the analysis of a problem, I often looked at it from a variety of perspectives. I approached the problem as a series of thought experiments — unlike many other sciences, we typically cannot do actual experiments.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“Seeing an economy that is, in many ways, quite different from the one grows up in, helps crystallize issues: in one's own environment, one takes too much for granted, without asking why things are the way they are.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“If stability and efficiency required that there existed markets that extended infinitely far into the future — and these markets clearly did not exist — what assurance do we have of the stability and efficiency of the capitalist system?”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“They [free market policies] were never based on solid empirical and theoretical foundations, and even as many of these policies were being pushed, academic economists were explaining the limitations of markets — for instance, whenever information is imperfect, which is to say always.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

"Bleakonomics" http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/books/review/Stiglitz-t.html?_r=2&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&ref=books&adxnnlx=1191080508-xgqHp+i170M7vW5X5Q4Yeg&oref=slogin The New York Times Sunday Book Review (2007-09-30).

“The best teachers still taught in a Socratic style, asking questions, responding to the answers with still another question. And in all of our courses, we were taught that what mattered most was asking the right question — having posed the question well, answering the question was often a relatively easy matter.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“It's actually a tribute to the quality of economics teaching that they have persuaded so many generations of students to believe in so much that seems so counter to what the world is like. Many of the things that I'm going to describe make so much more common sense than these notions that seem counter to what ones eyes see every day.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

"Nobel Prize Lecture" http://nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=507 Information and the Change in the Paradigm in Economics, at Aula Magna, Stockholm University, (2001-12-08).

“The fall of Wall Street is for market fundamentalism what the fall of the Berlin Wall was for communism.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Interview with Nathan Gardels, The Huffington Post, September 16th 2008 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nathan-gardels/stiglitz-the-fall-of-wall_b_126911.html?show_comment_id=15934161

“In debate, one randomly was assigned to one side or the other. This had at least one virtue — it made one see that there was more than one side to these complex issues.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“An early insight in my work on the economics of information concerned the problem of appropriability — the difficulty that those who pay for information have in getting returns.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“The top 1 percent have the best houses, the best educations, the best doctors, and the best lifestyles, but there is one thing that money doesn’t seem to have bought: an understanding that their fate is bound up with how the other 99 percent live. Throughout history, this is something that the top 1 percent eventually do learn. Too late.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

"Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%" http://www.vanityfair.com/society/features/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105, Vanity Fair, May 2011.

“Growing up in Gary Indiana gave me, I think, a distinct advantage over many of my classmates who had grown up in affluent suburbs. They could read articles that argued that in competitive equilibrium, there could not be discrimination, so long as there are some non-discriminatory individuals or firms, since it would pay any such firm to hire the lower wage discriminated-against individuals, and take them seriously. I knew that discrimination existed, even though there were many individuals who were not prejudiced. To me, the theorem simply proved that one or more of the assumptions that went into the theory was wrong.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“Economists often like startling theorems, results which seem to run counter to conventional wisdom.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz

Autobiographical Essay (2001)

“In the long run, the most important changes required to make globalization work are reforms to reduce the democratic deficit.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

§10, p. 284
Making globalization work (2006)

“The problem is easy to state: developing countries borrow too much—or are lent too much—and in ways that force them to bear most or all of the risk of subsequent increases in interest rates, fluctuations in the exchange rate, or decreases in income. Given this, it is not surprising that they often cannot repay what is owed.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

§8
Making globalization work (2006)

“Limited liability should not be sacrosanct. Like property rights—including intellectual property—it is a creation of man, to provide appropriate incentives; when that artifice fails to fulfill its social function, it needs to be modified.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

idem, p. 207
Making globalization work (2006)

“TRIPs imposed on the entire world the dominant intellectual property regime in the United States and Europe, as it is today. I believe that the way that intellectual property regime has evolved is not good for the United States and the EU; but even more, I believe it is not in the interest of the developing countries.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

§4.2 TRIPs, p. 117
Making globalization work (2006)

“Intellectual property does not really belong in a trade agreement.”

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Joseph E. Stiglitz książka Making Globalization Work

§4.2 TRIPs, p. 116
Making globalization work (2006)

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