Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944) British astrophysicist
As quoted in "Annals of Science II-DNA" by Horace Freeland Judson in The New Yorker (4 December 1978), p. 132
Ce n'est point l'observation mais la théorie qui m'a conduit à ce résultat que l'expérience a ensuite confirmé.
explaining how he was led to discover the law characterizing interference fringes, in [Œuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel, Imprimerie impériale, 1866, http://books.google.com/books?id=3QgAAAAAMAAJ, 61]
Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944) British astrophysicist
As quoted in "Annals of Science II-DNA" by Horace Freeland Judson in The New Yorker (4 December 1978), p. 132
Arthur Stanley Eddington (1882–1944) British astrophysicist
New Pathways in Science: Messenger Lectures 1934 (1947), p. 211.
Ichabod Spencer (1798–1854) American minister
Source: Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), P. 163.
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834) British political economist
Source: An Essay on The Principle of Population (First Edition 1798, unrevised), Chapter I, paragraph 9, lines 1-2
Robert Curl (1933) American chemist
conjecture <br class="br">in his Nobel Lecture http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/curl-lecture.html, December 7, 1996, Dawn of the Fullerenes: Experiment and Conjecture
Stephen Hawking book A Brief History of Time
Source: A Brief History of Time (1988), Ch. 1
Context: Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory.
Pope John Paul II (1920–2005) 264th Pope of the Catholic Church, saint
(...) De nouvelles connaissances conduisent à reconnaître dans la théorie de l'évolution plus qu'une hypothèse. Il est en effet remarquable que cette théorie se soit progressivement imposée à l'esprit des chercheurs, à la suite d'une série de découvertes faites dans diverses disciplines du savoir. La convergence, nullement recherchée ou provoquée, des résultats de travaux menés indépendamment les uns des autres, constitue par elle même un argument significatif en faveur de cette théorie. <br class="br">early news reports mistranslated the French phrase plus qu'une hypothèse as "more than one hypothesis". http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/LifeScience/PhysicalAnthropology/EvolutionFact/Evolution/Evolution.htm <br class="br">Message to the participants in the Plenary of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 22 October 1996 <br class="br">Source: Libreria Editrice Vaticana http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/messages/pont_messages/1996/documents/hf_jp-ii_mes_19961022_evoluzione_fr.html (French)
W. Edwards Deming (1900–1993) American professor, author, and consultant
The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education (1993)
Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874) Belgian astronomer, mathematician, statistician and sociologist
Instructions populaires sur le calcul des probability (1825) English translation by R. Beamish (1839)