“At the root of the Ur-Fascist psychology there is the obsession with a plot, possibly an international one. The followers must feel besieged.”
Ur-Fascism (1995)
Context: At the root of the Ur-Fascist psychology there is the obsession with a plot, possibly an international one. The followers must feel besieged. The easiest way to solve the plot is the appeal to xenophobia. But the plot must also come from the inside: Jews are usually the best target because they have the advantage of being at the same time inside and outside. In the US, a prominent instance of the plot obsession is to be found in Pat Robertson's The New World Order, but, as we have recently seen, there are many others.
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Umberto Eco120
Italian semiotician, essayist, philosopher, literary critic… 1932–2016Related quotes
Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) Duce and President of the Council of Ministers of Italy. Leader of the National Fascist Party and subsequen…
As quoted in The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution, J.L. Talmon, University of California Press (1981) p. 492. Original source: Mussolini, Opera Omnia VI, p. 427, 1914
1910s
José Mourinho (1963) Portuguese association football player and manager
Chelsea FC, Doctorate Honoris Causa degree award (23 March 2009)
Victor Davis Hanson (1953) American military historian, essayist, university professor
2010s, The Deflation of the Academic Brand (2018)
“Nobody can ask us to abjure our fascist roots.”
Gianfranco Fini (1952) Italian politician
published on il Giornale, 5 January 1990
Achille Starace (1889–1945) Italian Fascist general
Quoted in "Believe, Obey, Fight" - Page 98 - by Tracy H. Koon - Political Science – 1985.
W. Ross Ashby (1903–1972) British psychiatrist
W. Ross Ashby, "Review of Analytical Biology, by G. Sommerhoff." In: Journal of Mental Science Vol 98 (1952), p. 88; As cited in Peter M. Asaro (2008)
Umberto Eco (1932–2016) Italian semiotician, essayist, philosopher, literary critic, and novelist
Ur-Fascism (1995)
Context: Fascism became an all-purpose term because one can eliminate from a fascist regime one or more features, and it will still be recognizable as fascist. Take away imperialism from fascism and you still have Franco and Salazar. Take away colonialism and you still have the Balkan fascism of the Ustashes. Add to the Italian fascism a radical anti-capitalism (which never much fascinated Mussolini) and you have Ezra Pound. Add a cult of Celtic mythology and the Grail mysticism (completely alien to official fascism) and you have one of the most respected fascist gurus, Julius Evola... But in spite of this fuzziness, I think it is possible to outline a list of features that are typical of what I would like to call Ur-Fascism, or Eternal Fascism.
Mohammad Javad Zarif (1960) Iranian politician
2018-08-26, during an interview with the state TV, IFP News