Mao Zedong citations

Mao Zedong est un homme d'État et chef militaire chinois né le 26 décembre 1893 à Shaoshan et mort le 9 septembre 1976 à Pékin. Fondateur de la république populaire de Chine, il a été son principal dirigeant de 1949 à sa mort.

Fils de paysans aisés, il est l'un des membres historiques du Parti communiste chinois , parvenant progressivement à s’en faire reconnaître comme le dirigeant suprême, notamment lors de l’épisode de la Longue Marche, entre 1934 et 1935. Après de longues années de guérilla contre les nationalistes du Kuomintang dirigés par Tchang Kaï-chek, ainsi que contre l’envahisseur japonais pendant la guerre sino-japonaise , Mao sortit vainqueur de l’ultime phase de la guerre civile chinoise, avec la victoire de l’Armée populaire de libération . Il proclame la république populaire de Chine, le 1er octobre 1949 à Pékin ; il sera d'ailleurs le premier à occuper la fonction de président de 1954 à 1959. Ses principaux postes, qu’il occupa jusqu’à sa mort en 1976 et qui lui permirent de rester le numéro un du régime, étaient ceux de président du Parti communiste chinois et de président de la Commission militaire centrale, le premier lui garantissant la maîtrise du Parti, et le second celle de l'Armée populaire de libération.

Mao Zedong impose à la population le collectivisme communiste et la dictature du parti unique, en suivant de très près le modèle soviétique dans un premier temps. Au nom de la définition d’une « voie chinoise vers le socialisme », il se démarque ensuite progressivement de l’URSS et sera l’inspirateur direct du Grand Bond en avant, responsable de famines de masse et de la mort d'environ 45 millions de personnes. Après avoir été mis à l'écart par ses collaborateurs et laissé la présidence de la république à Liu Shaoqi, il soulève les étudiants chinois contre la direction du Parti pour reprendre le pouvoir, livrant les villes à la violence des gardes rouges au cours de la révolution culturelle, entre 1966 et 1969. Il s'appuie dans un premier temps sur Lin Biao, puis ce dernier est à son tour évincé. Ayant éliminé ses rivaux et rétabli l’ordre à son profit, il fait l’objet d’un culte de la personnalité et rapproche alors le plus la république populaire de Chine d’un État de type totalitaire de 1969 à 1976.

Sa politique internationale des années 1970 marque un rapprochement avec l’Occident, qui permet la réintégration de la Chine dans le concert mondial . En 1975, Mao laisse son Premier ministre Zhou Enlai décréter un nouveau programme de réformes, les « Quatre Modernisations ». Celui que l’on surnomme « le Grand Timonier » meurt en 1976 sans avoir désigné de successeur. La Chine réhabilite peu après un certain nombre de ses victimes, tout en continuant l’ouverture à une certaine forme d’économie de marché entamée en 1975.

Dès les années suivant sa mort, alors que ses proches et principaux partisans sont progressivement écartés ou arrêtés, le Parti communiste chinois véhicule une vision contrastée du personnage, exaltant le penseur politique et le chef de guerre libérateur tout en déplorant les « erreurs » du dirigeant, à savoir le Grand Bond en avant et la révolution culturelle. Il reste néanmoins la principale figure du roman national chinois et connaît des hommages récurrents de la part des cadres et dirigeants du parti, bien que la politique actuelle du régime n'ait que peu de rapports avec la vision de son fondateur, en particulier sur le plan économique. Ses écrits théoriques et sa pratique politique ont donné naissance à un courant marxiste-léniniste connu sous le nom de maoïsme. Wikipedia  

✵ 26. décembre 1893 – 9. septembre 1976
Mao Zedong photo
Mao Zedong: 183   citations 0   J'aime

Mao Zedong Citations

“En ce monde, les choses sont complexes et beaucoup de facteurs les déterminent. Il faut examiner un problème sous ses différents aspects et non sous un seul.”

Issue à l'origine de : Mao Zedong, « Sur les négociations de Tchongking » (17 octobre 1945), dans Œuvres choisies de Mao Tsé-toung, tome IV.
Le Petit Livre rouge : Citations du président Mao Tsé-toung

“Nous devons être modestes et prudents, nous garder de toute présomption et de toute précipitation, et servir le peuple chinois de tout notre cœur…”

Issue à l'origine de : Mao Zedong, « Les Deux Destins de la Chine » (23 avril 1945), dans Œuvres choisies de Mao Tsé-toung, tome III.
Le Petit Livre rouge : Citations du président Mao Tsé-toung

Mao Zedong: Citations en anglais

“I ask, on this bondless land
Who rules over man's destiny?”

Changsha (1925)
Contexte: Alone I stand in the autumn cold
On the tip of Orange Island,
Xiang flowing northward;
I see a thousand hills crimsoned through
By their serried woods deep-dyed,
And a hundred barges vying
Over crystal blue waters.
Eagles cleave the air,
Fish glide under the shallow water;
Under freezing skies a million creatures contend in freedom.
Brooding over this immensity,
I ask, on this bondless land
Who rules over man's destiny?

“Be resolute, fear no sacrifice and surmount every difficulty to win victory.”

Chapter 19 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch19.htm; originally published in The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains (June 11, 1945), Selected Works, Vol. III, p. 321.
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book)

“Marxists should not be afraid of criticism from any quarter. Quite the contrary, they need to temper and develop themselves and win new positions in the teeth of criticism and in the storm and stress of struggle. Fighting against wrong ideas is like being vaccinated -- a man develops greater immunity from disease as a result of vaccination. Plants raised in hothouses are unlikely to be hardy. Carrying out the policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend will not weaken, but strengthen, the leading position of Marxism in the ideological field.”

" VIII. ON "LET A HUNDRED FLOWERS BLOSSOM LET A HUNDRED SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT CONTEND" AND "LONG-TERM COEXISTENCE AND MUTUAL SUPERVISION" "
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
Original: (zh-CN) 马克思主义者不应该害怕任何人批评。相反,马克思主义者就是要在人们的批评中间,就是要在斗争的风雨中间,锻炼自己,发展自己,扩大自己的阵地。同错误思想作斗争,好比种牛痘,经过了牛痘疫苗的作用,人身上就增强免疫力。在温室里培养出来的东西,不会有强大的生命力。实行百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针,并不会削弱马克思主义在思想界的领导地位,相反地正是会加强它的这种地位。

“We should support whatever our enemies oppose and oppose whatever our enemies support.”

Fánshì dírén fǎnduì de, wǒmen jiù yào yǒnghù; fánshì dírén yǒnghù de, wǒmen jiù yào fǎnduì.
If the enemy opposes, we must support it; if the enemy supports it, we must oppose it.
Chapter 2 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch02.htm, originally published in Interview with Three Correspondents from the Central News Agency, the Sao Tang Pao and the Hsin Min Pao (September 16, 1939), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 272.
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book)

“Marxist philosophy holds that the law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of the universe. This law operates universally, whether in the natural world, in human society, or in man's thinking. Between the opposites in a contradiction there is at once unity and struggle, and it is this that impels things to move and change. Contradictions exist everywhere, but they differ in accordance with the different nature of different things. In any given phenomenon or thing, the unity of opposites is conditional, temporary and transitory, and hence relative, whereas the struggle of opposites is absolute.”

On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
Original: (zh-CN) 马克思主义的哲学认为,对立统一规律是宇宙的根本规律。这个规律,不论在自然界、人类社会和人们的思想中,都是普遍存在的。矛盾着的对立面又统一,又斗争,由此推动事物的运动和变化。矛盾是普遍存在的,不过按事物的性质不同,矛盾的性质也就不同。对于任何一个具体的事物说来,对立的统一是有条件的、暂时的、过渡的,因而是相对的,对立的斗争则是绝对的。

“Strategically we should despise all our enemies, while tactically we should take them all seriously.”

Speech http://books.google.com/books?id=ftv7ks-Ehq0C&q=%22strategically+we+should+despise+all+our+enemies+while+tactically+we+should+take+them+all+seriously%22&pg=PA789#v=onepage in Moscow at the meeting of Communist and Workers Parties of Socialist Countries https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sino-soviet-split/other/1957declaration.htm (18 November 1957)

“Maybe you're afraid of sinking. Don't think about it. If you don't think about it, you won't sink. If you do, you will.”

Swimming advice to physician Zhisui Li (1966), quoted in The TIME 100 (13 April 1998) http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/mao.html

“Children are the masters of the new society.”

Source: Decree Regarding Marriage (January 28, 1931)

“The more books you read, the more stupid you become.”

Speech (26 June 1965), quoted in Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story (2005), p. 507
1960s

“A revolution is not a dinner party”

Chapter 2 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch02.htm, originally published in Report on an investigation of the peasant movement in Hunan http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm (March 1927), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 28.
https://www.marxists.org/chinese/big5/nonmarxists/mao/19270300.htm.湖南農民運動考察報告
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book)
Contexte: A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery. It cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.

“Contradiction and struggle are universal and absolute”

Mao Zedong livre On Contradiction

On Contradiction (1937)
Contexte: Contradiction and struggle are universal and absolute, but the methods of resolving contradictions, that is, the forms of struggle, differ according to the differences in the nature of the contradictions. Some contradictions are characterized by open antagonism and others are not. In accordance with the concrete development of things, some contradictions, which were originally non-antagonistic, develop into antagonistic ones, while others which were originally antagonistic develop into non-antagonistic ones.

“Every Communist must grasp the truth: Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.”

Chapter 5 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch05.htm, originally published in Problems of War and Strategy (November 6, 1938), Selected Works, Vol. II, p. 224.
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book)

“Today, two big mountains lie like a dead weight on the Chinese people. One is imperialism, the other is feudalism.”

The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains (1945)
Contexte: There is an ancient Chinese fable called "The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains". It tells of an old man who lived in northern China long, long ago and was known as the Foolish Old Man of North Mountain. His house faced south and beyond his doorway stood the two great peaks, Taihang and Wangwu, obstructing the way. He called his sons, and hoe in hand they began to dig up these mountains with great determination. Another graybeard, known as the Wise Old Man, saw them and said derisively, "How silly of you to do this! It is quite impossible for you few to dig up those two huge mountains." The Foolish Old Man replied, "When I die, my sons will carry on; when they die, there will be my grandsons, and then their sons and grandsons, and so on to infinity. High as they are, the mountains cannot grow any higher and with every bit we dig, they will be that much lower. Why can't we clear them away?" Having refuted the Wise Old Man's wrong view, he went on digging every day, unshaken in his conviction. God was moved by this, and he sent down two angels, who carried the mountains away on their backs. Today, two big mountains lie like a dead weight on the Chinese people. One is imperialism, the other is feudalism. The Chinese Communist Party has long made up its mind to dig them up. We must persevere and work unceasingly, and we, too, will touch God's heart. Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people. If they stand up and dig together with us, why can't these two mountains be cleared away?

“Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people.”

The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains (1945)
Contexte: There is an ancient Chinese fable called "The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains". It tells of an old man who lived in northern China long, long ago and was known as the Foolish Old Man of North Mountain. His house faced south and beyond his doorway stood the two great peaks, Taihang and Wangwu, obstructing the way. He called his sons, and hoe in hand they began to dig up these mountains with great determination. Another graybeard, known as the Wise Old Man, saw them and said derisively, "How silly of you to do this! It is quite impossible for you few to dig up those two huge mountains." The Foolish Old Man replied, "When I die, my sons will carry on; when they die, there will be my grandsons, and then their sons and grandsons, and so on to infinity. High as they are, the mountains cannot grow any higher and with every bit we dig, they will be that much lower. Why can't we clear them away?" Having refuted the Wise Old Man's wrong view, he went on digging every day, unshaken in his conviction. God was moved by this, and he sent down two angels, who carried the mountains away on their backs. Today, two big mountains lie like a dead weight on the Chinese people. One is imperialism, the other is feudalism. The Chinese Communist Party has long made up its mind to dig them up. We must persevere and work unceasingly, and we, too, will touch God's heart. Our God is none other than the masses of the Chinese people. If they stand up and dig together with us, why can't these two mountains be cleared away?

“The army must become one with the people so that they see it as their own army.”

Such an army will be invincible....
On Protracted Warfare (1938)

“A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.”

Chapter 2 https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/works/red-book/ch02.htm, originally published in Report on an investigation of the peasant movement in Hunan http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_2.htm (March 1927), Selected Works, Vol. I, p. 28.
https://www.marxists.org/chinese/big5/nonmarxists/mao/19270300.htm.湖南農民運動考察報告
Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong (The Little Red Book)
Contexte: A revolution is not a dinner party, or writing an essay, or painting a picture, or doing embroidery. It cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence by which one class overthrows another.

“Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive factor; it is people, not things that are decisive.”

On Protracted Warfare (1938)
Contexte: Weapons are an important factor in war, but not the decisive factor; it is people, not things that are decisive. The contest of strength is not only a contest of military and economic power, but also a contest of human power and morale. People necessarily wield military and economic power.

“The minority nationalities in our country number more than thirty million. Although they constitute only 6 per cent of the total population, they inhabit extensive regions which comprise 50 to 60 per cent of China's total area. It is thus imperative to foster good relation between the Han people and the minority nationalities. The key to this question lies in overcoming Han chauvinism. At the same time, efforts should also be made to overcome local-nationality chauvinism, wherever it exists among the minority nationalities. Both Han chauvinism and local-nationality chauvinism are harmful to the unity of the nationalities; they represent one kind of contradiction among the people which should be resolved.”

" VI. THE QUESTION OF THE MINORITY NATIONALITIES "
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
Original: (zh-CN) 我国少数民族有三千多万人,虽然只占全国总人口的百分之六,但是居住地区广大,约占全国总面积的百分之五十至六十。所以汉族和少数民族的关系一定要搞好。这个问题的关键是克服大汉族主义。在存在有地方民族主义的少数民族中间,则应当同时克服地方民族主义。无论是大汉族主义或者地方民族主义,都不利于各族人民的团结,这是应当克服的一种人民内部的矛盾。

“Opposition and struggle between ideas of different kinds constantly occur within the Party; this is a reflection within the Party of contradictions between classes and between the new and the old in society. If there were no contradictions in the Party and no ideological struggles to resolve them, the Party's life would come to an end.”

Mao Zedong livre On Contradiction

On Contradiction (1937)
Original: (zh-CN) 党内不同思想的对立和斗争是经常发生的,这是社会的阶级矛盾和新旧事物的矛盾在党内的反映。党内如果没有矛盾和解决矛盾的思想斗争,党的生命也就停止了。

“My closest friend and brother – this world is lucky to have a great personality as Kim Il Sung. This causes my boundless happiness. The fate of the world revolution and the international communist movement are on your shoulders, Comrade Kim Il Sung. I wish you long life and good health.”

As quoted by the Association for the Study of Songun Politics UK http://www.uk-songun.com/index.php?p=1_287_MAO-ZEDONG-SAID-COMRADE-KIM-IL-SUNG-SHOULD-LED-THE-INTERNATIONAL-COMMUNIST-MOVEMENT

“A proper measure of democracy should be put into effect in the army, chiefly by abolishing the feudal practice of bullying and beating and by having officers and men share weal and woe. Once this is done, unity will be achieved between officers and men, the combat effectiveness of the army will be greatly increased, and there will be no doubt of our ability to sustain the long, cruel war.”

On Protracted Warfare (1938)
Original: (zh-CN) 军队应实行一定限度的民主化,主要地是废除封建主义的打骂制度和官兵生活同甘苦。这样一来,官兵一致的目的就达到了,军队就增加了绝大的战斗力,长期的残酷的战争就不患不能支持。

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