Léon Tolstoï citations (505 citations, Page 4)

Léon Tolstoï: 505 citations 0 J'aime

Léon Tolstoï citations célèbres

“Tout le mal vient de ce que les hommes croient que certaines situations existent où l’on peut agir sans amour envers les hommes, tandis que de telles situations n’existent pas. Envers les choses, on peut agir sans amour : on peut, sans amour, fendre le bois, battre le fer, cuire des briques; mais dans les rapports d’homme à homme l’amour est aussi indispensable que l’est par exemple la prudence dans les rapports de l’homme avec les abeilles. La nature le veut ainsi, c’est une nécessité de l’ordre des choses. Si l’on voulait laisser de côté la prudence quand on a affaire aux abeilles, on nuirait aux abeilles et on se nuirait à soi-même. Et pareillement il n’y a pas à songer à laisser de côté l’amour quand on a affaire aux hommes. Et cela n’est que juste, car l’amour réciproque entre hommes est l’unique fondement possible de la vie de l’humanité. Sans doute un homme ne peut pas se contraindre à aimer, comme il peut se contraindre à travailler; mais de là ne résulte point que quelqu’un puisse agir envers les hommes sans amour, surtout si lui-même a besoin des autres hommes. L’homme qui ne se sent pas d’amour pour les autres hommes, qu’un tel homme s’occupe de soi, de choses inanimées, de tout ce qui lui plaira, excepté des hommes! De même que l’on se saurait manger sans dommage et avec profit que si l’on éprouve le désir de manger, de même on ne peut agir envers les hommes sans dommage et avec profit si l’on ne commence point par aimer les hommes.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“Terrible, se dit-il, cette persistance de la bête dans l’homme! Mais quand elle est à découvert, et que tu la reconnais pour ce qu’elle est, tu restes le même que tu étais avant, soit que tu y cèdes ou que tu y résistes; tandis que quand cette animalité se cache sous des dehors soi-disant poétiques, quand, au lieu de t’apparaître dans sa bassesse, elle prétend t’inspirer du respect, c’en est fait de toi tout entier! La bête, en toi, supprime l’homme, et tu cesses de pouvoir distinguer le bien du mal. Voila ce qui est plus affreux que tout le reste!”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“En Nekhludov, comme en tout homme, il y avait deux hommes. Il y avait l’homme moral, disposé à ne chercher son bien que dans le bien des autres; et il y avait l'homme animal, ne cherchant que son bien individuel et prêt à sacrifier pour lui le bien du monde entier.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“Jamais le Christ n’aurait prononcé ces paroles s’il avait su le mauvais usage qu’on en ferait ; c’est tout ce qu’on a retenu de l’Évangile.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenine

“Il ne faut jamais rien outrer.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenina
Variante: Il ne faut jamais rien outrer: One should never overdo

“L’homme a conscience d’être un Dieu et il a raison parce que Dieu est en lui. Il a conscience d’être un cochon et il a également raison parce que le cochon est en lui. Mais il se trompe lorsqu’il prend le cochon pour un Dieu.”

Léon Tolstoï

Citations sur les hommes et les garçons de Léon Tolstoï

“Au lieu des haines nationales qu'on nous inspire sous le couvert du patriotisme, il faut enseigner aux enfants l'horreur et le mépris de la carrière militaire, qui sert à diviser les hommes, il faut leur enseigner à considérer comme un signe de sauvagerie la division des hommes en États, la diversité des lois et des frontières; que massacrer des étrangers inconnus sans le moindre prétexte est le plus horrible des forfaits dont est capable l'homme tombé au dernier degré de la bête.”

Léon Tolstoï

“Le vicomte avait un joli minois, les traits mous et les manières d'un jeune homme se considérant nettement comme une célébrité, mais qui, de par sa bonne éducation, offrait humblement à la société où il se trouvait l'opportunité de profiter de sa personne. À l'évidence, Anna Pavlova en régalait ses invités. Tel un maître d'hôtel qui présente comme un met sublime un morceau de bœuf qu'on n'aurait pas envie de manger si on le voyait dans une cuisine malpropre, Anna Pavlova servait le vicomte à ses hôtes, comme une chose empreinte d'un raffinement surnaturel, tandis que les messieurs qui logeaient dans le même hôtel que lui et qui jouaient tous les jours au billard en sa compagnie ne voyaient sa personne qu'un grand maître de la carambole et ne sentaient pas particulièrement heureux de fréquenter le vicomte ni de lui parler. […] le vicomte fut servi à toute la compagnie sous l'éclairage le plus élégant et le plus avantageux pour lui, tel un rosbif parsemé de persil et posé sur un plat chaud.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Guerre et Paix

Виконт был миловидный, с мягкими чертами и приемами, молодой человек, очевидно считавший себя знаменитостью, но, по благовоспитанности, скромно предоставлявший пользоваться собой тому обществу, в котором он находился. Анна Павловна, очевидно, угощала им своих гостей. Как хороший метрд`отель подает как нечто сверхъестественно-прекрасное тот кусок говядины, который есть не захочется, если увидать его в грязной кухне, так в нынешний вечер Анна Павловна сервировала своим гостям сначала виконта, потом аббата, как что-то сверхъестественно утонченное. [...] виконт был подан обществу в самом изящном и выгодном для него свете, как ростбиф на горячем блюде, посыпанный зеленью.
ru
Guerre et Paix, 1865 - 1869

“Dans l’amour entre l’homme et la femme, il y a toujours une minute où cet amour atteint son plus haut degré, où il n’a plus rien de réfléchi ni rien de sensuel, où il est l’entière union de deux êtres en un seul.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“(…) de même que, en temps de guerre, officiers et soldats se sentent autorisés par l’opinion générale à commettre des actes qui, en temps de paix, sont tenus pour criminels, de même les révolutionnaires, dans leur lutte, se regardaient comme couverts par l’opinion de leur cercle, en vertu de laquelle les actes de cruauté qu’ils commettaient étaient nobles et moraux, étant commis par eux au prix de leur liberté, de leur vie, de tout ce qui est cher à la plupart des hommes. Ainsi s’expliquait, (…) que des personnes excellentes, incapables non seulement de causer une souffrance, mais même d’en supporter la vue, pussent se préparer tranquillement à la violence et au meurtre, et professer la sainteté de tels actes, considérés comme moyens de défense, ou encore comme instrument utile à la réalisation d’un idéal de bonheur pour l’humanité.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“Un des préjugés les plus enracinés et les plus répandus consiste à croire que tout homme a en propre certaines qualités définies, qu’il est bon ou méchant, intelligent ou sot, énergique ou apathique, et ainsi de suite. Rien de tel, en réalité. Nous pouvons dire d’un homme qu’il est plus souvent bon que méchant, plus souvent intelligent que sot, plus souvent énergique qu’apathique, ou inversement : mais dire d’un homme, comme nous le faisons tous les jours, qu’il est bon ou intelligent, d’un autre qu’il est méchant ou sot, c’est méconnaître le vrai caractère de la nature humaine. Les hommes sont pareils aux rivières qui, toutes, sont faites de la même eau, mais dont chacune est tantôt large, tantôt resserrée, tantôt lente et tantôt rapide, tantôt tiède et tantôt glacée. Les hommes, eux aussi, portent en eux le germe de toutes les qualités humaines, et tantôt ils en manifestent une, tantôt une autre, se montrant souvent différents d’eux-mêmes, c’est-à-dire de ce qu’ils ont l’habitude de paraître. Mais chez certains hommes ces changements sont plus rares, et mettent plus de temps à se préparer, tandis que chez d’autres ils sont plus rapides et se succèdent avec plus de fréquence.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

ru
Résurrection, 1899

“Tous les hommes vivent et agissent en partie d’après leurs propres idées, en partie d’après les idées d’autrui. Et une des principales différences entre les hommes consiste dans la mesure différente où ils s’inspirent de leurs propres idées et de celles d’autrui. Les uns se bornent, le plus souvent, à ne se servir de leurs propres pensées que par manière de jeu; ils emploient leur raison comme on fait tourner les roues d’une machine, quand on a ôté la courroie qui les relie l’une à l’autre; et dans les circonstances importantes de la vie, et même dans le détail de leurs actes les plus ordinaires, ils s’en remettent à la pensée d’autrui, qu’ils nomment « l’usage », la « tradition », les « convenances », la « loi ». D’autres, au contraire, en plus petit nombre, considèrent leur propre pensée comme le principal guide de leur conduite et s’efforcent, autant qu’ils peuvent, de n’agir que d’après les avis de leur raison à eux.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Résurrection

Résurrection, 1899

Léon Tolstoï Citations

“Tout comprendre, c’est tout pardonner.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Guerre et Paix

War and Peace
Variante: Tout comprendre, c'est tout pardonner.

“tous les bonheurs se ressemblent, mais chaque infortune a sa physionomie particulière.”

Léon Tolstoï

“On n'a rien trouvé, on n'a rien inventé. Nous ne pouvons rien savoir sinon que nous ne savons rien. C'est là le degré suprême de la sagesse humaine. (Guerre et Paix, livre deuxième, 2ième partie, ch. I)”

Léon Tolstoï

“ce qui convainc de la nécessité de la vie future, ce ne sont pas les raisonnements mais ceci : tu marches dans la vie la main dans la main avec un homme, et tout à coup, cet homme disparaît là-bas dans le néant, et toi tu restes devant cet abîme et tu y plonges ton regard
(Guerre et Paix, livre deuxième, 2ième partie, ch. XII)”

Léon Tolstoï

“Je crois que s'il y a autant d'opinions que de têtes, il y a aussi autant de façons d'aimer qu'il y a de coeurs.”

Léon Tolstoï

“La guerre est la soumission la plus difficile de la liberté de l'homme aux lois de Dieu. La simplicité est la soumission à Dieu. On n'échappe pas à lui. Et EUX ils ne parlent pas, ils agissent. La parole prononcée est d'argent, celle qui n'est pas prononcée est d'or. L'homme n'a pouvoir sur rien tant qu'il a peur de la mort. Et celui qui n'a pas peur de la mort possède tout. Si la souffrance n'existait pas, l'homme ne se connaîtrait pas de limites, il ne se connaîtrait pas lui-même. (Guerre et Paix, livre troisième, 3ème partie, ch. IX)”

Léon Tolstoï

Souffrance

“Mais ma femme, est-ce que je l'aime? Ce n'est pas que je l'aime, c'est autre chose que je ne sais comment t'expliquer […] Est-ce que j'aime mon doigt? Je ne l'aime pas, mais essaie un peu de me le couper…”

Léon Tolstoï

War and Peace v2 of 3

“Tout était si beau, joyeux et pur dans la maison; mais dans son âme tout était laid, sale, horrible.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Le Diable

The Devil

“C'est ridiule et bizarre a dire mais je suis persuade qu'il y a encore nombre de gens d'une certaine societe, en particulier des femmes, qui auraient vu disparaitre instantanement leur amour pour leurs amis, pour leur mari, pour leurs enfants, si seulement on leur avait interdi d'en parler en francais”

Léon Tolstoï livre Jeunesse

Jeunesse

“Lorsque cinq semaines plus tard ces hommes quittèrent Moscou, ils ne formaient plus une armée; c'était une foule de maraudeurs, chacun portait sur lui ou transportait en voiture quantité d'objets qui lui sembaient précieux ou nécessaires. Leur but à tous en quittant Moscou n'était pas de conquérir, comme autrefois, mais de garder ce qu'ils avaient pris. Comme un singe qui, ayant introduit sa main dans l'étroit col d'une cruche et saisi une poignée de noix, se refuse à ouvrir son poing pour ne pas lâcher ce qu'il a saisi, et par là périt, ainsi les Français devaient périr parce qu'ils traînaient avec eux leur butin, et qu'abandonner ce butin leur était aussi impossible qu'au singe de lâcher la poignée de noix. (Guerre et Paix, livre troisième, 3ième partie, ch. XXVI)”

Léon Tolstoï

“Plus nous nous efforçons d'expliquer rationnellement ces phénomènes historiques, plus ils nous apparaissent dénués de sens et incompréhensibles.
Tout homme vit pour soi, profite de sa liberté pour atteindre ses buts personnels et sent de tout son être qu'il peut à chaque instant accomplir ou ne pas accomplir tel acte; mais une fois qu'il l'aura accompli, cet acte accompli à un moment précis du temps deviendra irrévocable et appartiendra à l'histoire qui, de libre qu'il était, le rend nécessaire. (…) L'homme consciemment vit pour soi, mais il sert inconsciemment d'instrument à des fins historiques et sociales. (…) a tort et raison celui qui prétend que c'est le dernier coup de pioche qui a fait s'écrouler la colline que l'on creusait. (Guerre et Paix, livre troisième, 1ère partie, ch. I)”

Léon Tolstoï

“Si tout le monde ne se battait que par conviction il n'y aurait pas de guerre (Guerre et Paix, livre premier, 1ère partie, ch. VI)”

Léon Tolstoï

“La femme est privée de droits parce qu'elle est privée d'instruction, et le manque d'instruction tient à l’absence de droits. N’oublions pas que l'esclavage de la femme est si ancien, si enraciné dans nos mœurs, que bien souvent nous sommes incapables de comprendre l'abîme légal qui la sépare de nous.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenina

“On sentait ce détachement de toutes les choses de ce monde qui terrifie un homme en vie.”

Léon Tolstoï

War and Peace v2 of 3

“Les dispositifs et les ordres les mieux combinés, les plus profondément médités, semblent très mauvais et n'importe quel savant tacticien les critique d'un air entendu quand ils n'ont pas donné la victoire; les pires dispositifs, les mesures les plus contestables paraissent excellents, et des gens sérieux consacrent des volumes à prouver leurs mérites, quand le gain de la bataille s'en est suivi.(Guerre et Paix, livre troisième, 1ère partie, ch. XXVIII)”

Léon Tolstoï

“Je désirais le mouvement et non une existence au cours paisible. je voulais l'excitation et le danger, et le risque de me sacrifier pour mon amour. Je sentais en moi une énergie surabondante qui ne trouvait aucun exutoire dans notre vie tranquille.”

Léon Tolstoï

“Non pas aimée parce que belle, mais belle parce qu'aimée.”

Léon Tolstoï

War and Peace v2 of 3

“Quand je songe à tous les maux que j'ai vus et que j'ai soufferts, provenant des haines nationales, je me dis que tout cela repose sur un grossier mensonge : l'amour de la Patrie.”

Léon Tolstoï

amour , haine , mensonge

“Le patriotisme est un sentiment artificiel et déraisonnable, source funeste de la plupart des maux qui désolent l'humanité.”

Léon Tolstoï

sentiment

“En matière de sentiment, le manque de logique est la meilleure preuve de la sincérité”

Léon Tolstoï

“« Ne plus mentir devient de la poésie »”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenine

“«Il faut profiter de ma liberté, et de ma jeunesse! Pierre avait raison: pour être heureux, me disait-il, il faut croire au bonheur, et j'y crois à présent! Laissons les morts enterrer les morts; tant que l'on vit, il faut vivre et être heureux!»”

Léon Tolstoï

La guerre et la paix, Tome II

“Je ne connais dans la vie que maux bien réels: c'est le remord et la maladie. Il n'est de bien que l'absence de ces maux.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Guerre et Paix

War and Peace

“Pfuhl devait nécessairement être une de ces natures entières, qui poussent jusqu’au martyre l’assurance que leur donne la foi dans l’infaillibilité d’un principe. Ces natures-là on ne les rencontre que chez les Allemands, seuls capables d’une confiance aussi absolue dans une idée abstraite, telle que la science, c’est-à-dire la connaissance présumée d’une vérité certaine.”

Léon Tolstoï

La Guerre et la Paix - Tome II

“La corrélation des causes est incompréhensible pour l’esprit humain, mais le besoin de s’en rendre compte est inné dans le cœur de l’homme. Celui qui n’approfondit pas la raison d’être des événements s’empare de la première coïncidence qui le frappe pour s’écrier : « Voilà la cause ! ».”

Léon Tolstoï

La Guerre et la Paix - Tome III

Cœur

“J'ignorais alors que l'une des premieres conditions du comme il faut etait la dissimulation des efforts grace auxquels s'atteignait le comme il faut”

Léon Tolstoï livre Jeunesse

Jeunesse

“les opinions lui étaient aussi nécessaires que les chapeaux.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenine

“Tout homme vit pour soi, et jouit du libre arbitre nécessaire pour atteindre le but qu'il se propose. Il a, et il sent en lui la faculté de faire ou de ne pas faire telle ou telle chose, mais, du moment qu'elle est faite, elle ne lui appartient plus, et elle devient la propriété de l'histoire, où elle trouve, en dehors du hasard, la place qui lui est assignée à l'avance.”

Léon Tolstoï

La guerre et la paix, Tome II

“Le fatalisme est inévitable dans l'histoire si l'on veut en comprendre les manifestations illogiques, ou, du moins celles dont nous n'entrevoyons pas le sens et dont l'illogisme grandit à nos yeux, à mesure que nous nous efforçons de nous en rendre compte.”

Léon Tolstoï

La guerre et la paix, Tome II

Sens

“Toutes les familles heureuses se ressemblent, mais chaque famille malheureuse l'est à sa façon”

Léon Tolstoï

“J’avais d’autres devoirs,’ thought he. ‘Il fallait apaiser le peuple. Bien d’autres victimes ont péri et périssent pour le bien publique”

Léon Tolstoï livre Guerre et Paix

War and Peace

“J'ai connu et connais encore un tres grand nombre de gens ages, orgeilleux, pleins d'assurance, abrupts dans leur jugements, qui, si dans l'autre monde on leur pose la question :"qu'est ce qu tu fais la-bas?" ne seront pas en etat de repondre autre chose que :"je fus un homme tres comme il faut”

Léon Tolstoï livre Jeunesse

Jeunesse

“Dieu, quelle virulente sortie!”

Léon Tolstoï livre Guerre et Paix

Война и мир. Том 1

“frais comme un grand concombre hollandais, vert et luisant.”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenine

“En aimant on est toujours heureux parce que notre bonheur est en nous-mêmes”

Léon Tolstoï livre Anna Karénine

Anna Karenine

“Le vieillard était assis sur le plancher et ne se levait pas.

– Est-ce ainsi qu'on se sépare ? Idiot ! Ah ! voilà les gens de maintenant ! On a fait bon ménage toute une année, et puis : adieu ! et le voila loin. Mais moi je t'aime, j'ai pitié de toi ! Tu es si malheureux, toujours seul, toujours seul. Tu es mal aimé, on dirait ! Des fois je ne dors pas, je songe à toi, et j'ai pitié. Comme on dit dans la chanson :

Il n'est pas commode, non, frère,

De vivre en pays étranger.

C'est comme ça pour toi.”

Léon Tolstoï

Les Cosasques, 1863

“Si, dans les moments difficiles de mon existence, j'avais pu fût-ce une seconde ignoré ce qu'était le chagrin.”

Léon Tolstoï

Léon Tolstoï: Citations en anglais

“And leaving the most powerful of weapons — thought and its expression — which move the world, each man employs the weapon of social activity, not noticing that every social activity is based on the very foundations against which he is bound to fight”

Help us translate this quote

Leo Tolstoy

Source: Patriotism and Christianity http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Patriotism_and_Christianity (1896), Ch. 17
Contexte: One free man will say with truth what he thinks and feels amongst thousands of men who by their acts and words attest exactly the opposite. It would seem that he who sincerely expressed his thought must remain alone, whereas it generally happens that every one else, or the majority at least, have been thinking and feeling the same things but without expressing them.
And that which yesterday was the novel opinion of one man, to-day becomes the general opinion of the majority.
And as soon as this opinion is established, immediately by imperceptible degrees, but beyond power of frustration, the conduct of mankind begins to alter.
Whereas at present, every man, even, if free, asks himself, "What can I do alone against all this ocean of evil and deceit which overwhelms us? Why should I express my opinion? Why indeed possess one? It is better not to reflect on these misty and involved questions. Perhaps these contradictions are an inevitable condition of our existence. And why should I struggle alone with all the evil in the world? Is it not better to go with the stream which carries me along? If anything can be done, it must be done not alone but in company with others."
And leaving the most powerful of weapons — thought and its expression — which move the world, each man employs the weapon of social activity, not noticing that every social activity is based on the very foundations against which he is bound to fight, and that upon entering the social activity which exists in our world every man is obliged, if only in part, to deviate from the truth and to make concessions which destroy the force of the powerful weapon which should assist him in the struggle. It is as if a man, who was given a blade so marvelously keen that it would sever anything, should use its edge for driving in nails.
We all complain of the senseless order of life, which is at variance with our being, and yet we refuse to use the unique and powerful weapon within our hands — the consciousness of truth and its expression; but on the contrary, under the pretext of struggling with evil, we destroy the weapon, and sacrifice it to the exigencies of an imaginary conflict'.

“This union with the lives of other beings is accomplished through love.
God is not love, but the more there is of love, the more man manifests God, and the more he truly exists…
We acknowledge God only when we are conscious of His manifestation in us.”

Help us translate this quote

Leo Tolstoy

Entry in Tolstoy's Diary http://www.linguadex.com/tolstoy/chapter1.htm (1 November 1910)
Contexte: God is the infinite ALL. Man is only a finite manifestation of Him.
Or better yet:
God is that infinite All of which man knows himself to be a finite part.
God alone exists truly. Man manifests Him in time, space and matter. The more God's manifestation in man (life) unites with the manifestations (lives) of other beings, the more man exists. This union with the lives of other beings is accomplished through love.
God is not love, but the more there is of love, the more man manifests God, and the more he truly exists...
We acknowledge God only when we are conscious of His manifestation in us. All conclusions and guidelines based on this consciousness should fully satisfy both our desire to know God as such as well as our desire to live a life based on this recognition.

“Evidently the Greek sages began to draw close to the perception of goodness which is expressed in Buddhism and in Christianity, but they got entangled in defining the relationship between goodness and beauty. And it was just this confusion of ideas that those Europeans of a later age … tried to elevate into law.”

Help us translate this quote

Leo Tolstoy

What is Art? (1897)
Contexte: The partisans of aesthetic theory denied that it was their own invention, and professed that it existed in the nature of things and even that it was recognized by the ancient Greeks. But... among the ancient Greeks, due to their low grade (compared to the Christian) moral ideal, their conception of the good was not yet sharply distinguished from their conception of the beautiful. That highest conception of goodness (not identical with beauty and for the most part, contrasting with it) discerned by the Jews even in the time of Isaiah and fully expressed by Christianity, was unknown to the Greeks. It is true that the Greek's foremost thinkers — Socrates, Plato, Aristotle — felt that goodness may not coincide with beauty.... But notwithstanding all this, they could not quite dismiss the notion that beauty and goodness coincide. And consequently in the language of that period a compound word (καλο-κάγαθια, beauty-goodness) came into use to express that notion. Evidently the Greek sages began to draw close to the perception of goodness which is expressed in Buddhism and in Christianity, but they got entangled in defining the relationship between goodness and beauty. And it was just this confusion of ideas that those Europeans of a later age … tried to elevate into law. … On this misunderstanding the new science of aesthetics was built.

“Tell people that war is an evil, and they will laugh; for who does not know it? Tell them that patriotism is an evil, and most of them will agree, but with a reservation.”

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Leo Tolstoy

Patriotism, or Peace? http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Patriotism,_or_Peace%3F (1896), translated by Nathan Haskell Dole
Variant:
I have already several times expressed the thought that in our day the feeling of patriotism is an unnatural, irrational, and harmful feeling, and a cause of a great part of the ills from which mankind is suffering, and that, consequently, this feeling – should not be cultivated, as is now being done, but should, on the contrary, be suppressed and eradicated by all means available to rational men. Yet, strange to say – though it is undeniable that the universal armaments and destructive wars which are ruining the peoples result from that one feeling – all my arguments showing the backwardness, anachronism, and harmfulness of patriotism have been met, and are still met, either by silence, by intentional misinterpretation, or by a strange unvarying reply to the effect that only bad patriotism (Jingoism or Chauvinism) is evil, but that real good patriotism is a very elevated moral feeling, to condemn which is not only irrational but wicked.
What this real, good patriotism consists in, we are never told; or, if anything is said about it, instead of explanation we get declamatory, inflated phrases, or, finally, some other conception is substituted for patriotism – something which has nothing in common with the patriotism we all know, and from the results of which we all suffer so severely.
Patriotism and Government http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Patriotism_and_Government (1900)
Contexte: Tell people that war is an evil, and they will laugh; for who does not know it? Tell them that patriotism is an evil, and most of them will agree, but with a reservation. "Yes," they will say, "wrong patriotism is an evil; but there is another kind, the kind we hold." But just what this good patriotism is, no one explains.

“What is now happening to the people of the East as of the West is like what happens to every individual when he passes from childhood to adolescence and from youth to manhood.”

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Leo Tolstoy A Letter to a Hindu

Source: A Letter to a Hindu (1908), VI
Contexte: What is now happening to the people of the East as of the West is like what happens to every individual when he passes from childhood to adolescence and from youth to manhood. He loses what had hitherto guided his life and lives without direction, not having found a new standard suitable to his age, and so he invents all sorts of occupations, cares, distractions, and stupefactions to divert his attention from the misery and senselessness of his life. Such a condition may last a long time.

“If only free men would not rely on that which has no power, and is always fettered — upon external aids; but would trust in that which is always powerful and free — the truth and its expression!”

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Leo Tolstoy

Source: Patriotism and Christianity http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Patriotism_and_Christianity (1896), Ch. 17
Contexte: Only the truth and its expression can establish that new public opinion which will reform the ancient obsolete and pernicious order of life; and yet we not only do not express the truth we know, but often even distinctly give expression to what we ourselves regard as false.
If only free men would not rely on that which has no power, and is always fettered — upon external aids; but would trust in that which is always powerful and free — the truth and its expression!

“Now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace.”

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Leo Tolstoy

What then must we do? (1886)
Contexte: If there may be doubts for men and for a childless woman as to the way to, fulfil the will of God, for a mother that path is firmly and clearly defined, and if she fulfils it humbly with a simple heart she stands on the highest point of perfection a human being can attain, and becomes for all a model of that complete performance of God's will which all desire. Only a mother can before her death tranquilly say to Him who sent her into this world, and Whom she has served by bearing and bringing up children whom she has loved more than herself - only she having served Him in the way appointed to her can say with tranquillity, Now lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace. And that is the highest perfection to which, as to the highest good, men aspire.

“Learn What dwells in man, What is not given to man, and What men live by.”

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Leo Tolstoy livre What Men Live By

Source: What Men Live By (1881), Ch. IV
Contexte: Go — take the mother's soul, and learn three truths: Learn What dwells in man, What is not given to man, and What men live by. When thou hast learnt these things, thou shalt return to heaven.

“And the angel's body was bared, and he was clothed in light so that eye could not look on him; and his voice grew louder, as though it came not from him but from heaven above.”

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Leo Tolstoy livre What Men Live By

Source: What Men Live By (1881), Ch. XII
Contexte: And the angel's body was bared, and he was clothed in light so that eye could not look on him; and his voice grew louder, as though it came not from him but from heaven above. And the angel said:
I have learnt that all men live not by care for themselves, but by love.
It was not given to the mother to know what her children needed for their life. Nor was it given to the rich man to know what he himself needed. Nor is it given to any man to know whether, when evening comes, he will need boots for his body or slippers for his corpse.
I remained alive when I was a man, not by care of myself, but because love was present in a passer-by, and because he and his wife pitied and loved me. The orphans remained alive, not because of their mother's care, but because there was love in the heart of a woman a stranger to them, who pitied and loved them. And all men live not by the thought they spend on their own welfare, but because love exists in man.
I knew before that God gave life to men and desires that they should live; now I understood more than that.
I understood that God does not wish men to live apart, and therefore he does not reveal to them what each one needs for himself; but he wishes them to live united, and therefore reveals to each of them what is necessary for all.
I have now understood that though it seems to men that they live by care for themselves, in truth it is love alone by which they live. He who has love, is in God, and God is in him, for God is love.

“These new justifications are termed "scientific". But by the term "scientific" is understood just what was formerly understood by the term "religious": just as formerly everything called "religious" was held to be unquestionable simply because it was called religious, so now all that is called "scientific" is held to be unquestionable.”

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Leo Tolstoy A Letter to a Hindu

Source: A Letter to a Hindu (1908), IV
Contexte: These new justifications are termed "scientific". But by the term "scientific" is understood just what was formerly understood by the term "religious": just as formerly everything called "religious" was held to be unquestionable simply because it was called religious, so now all that is called "scientific" is held to be unquestionable. In the present case the obsolete religious justification of violence which consisted in the recognition of the supernatural personality of the God-ordained ruler ("there is no power but of God") has been superseded by the "scientific" justification which puts forward, first, the assertion that because the coercion of man by man has existed in all ages, it follows that such coercion must continue to exist. This assertion that people should continue to live as they have done throughout past ages rather than as their reason and conscience indicate, is what "science" calls "the historic law". A further "scientific" justification lies in the statement that as among plants and wild beasts there is a constant struggle for existence which always results in the survival of the fittest, a similar struggle should be carried on among humanbeings, that is, who are gifted with intelligence and love; faculties lacking in the creatures subject to the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. Such is the second "scientific" justification. The third, most important, and unfortunately most widespread justification is, at bottom, the age-old religious one just a little altered: that in public life the suppression of some for the protection of the majority cannot be avoided — so that coercion is unavoidable however desirable reliance on love alone might be in human intercourse. The only difference in this justification by pseudo-science consists in the fact that, to the question why such and such people and not others have the right to decide against whom violence may and must be used, pseudo-science now gives a different reply to that given by religion — which declared that the right to decide was valid because it was pronounced by persons possessed of divine power. "Science" says that these decisions represent the will of the people, which under a constitutional form of government is supposed to find expression in all the decisions and actions of those who are at the helm at the moment. Such are the scientific justifications of the principle of coercion. They are not merely weak but absolutely invalid, yet they are so much needed by those who occupy privileged positions that they believe in them as blindly as they formerly believed in the immaculate conception, and propagate them just as confidently. And the unfortunate majority of men bound to toil is so dazzled by the pomp with which these "scientific truths" are presented, that under this new influence it accepts these scientific stupidities for holy truth, just as it formerly accepted the pseudo-religious justifications; and it continues to submit to the present holders of power who are just as hard-hearted but rather more numerous than before.

“In order that the conditions of a life contrary to the consciousness of humanity should change and be replaced by one which is in accord with it, the outworn public opinion must be superseded by a new and living one.”

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Leo Tolstoy

Source: Patriotism and Christianity http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Patriotism_and_Christianity (1896), Ch. 17
Contexte: One man does not assert the truth which he knows, because he feels himself bound to the people with whom he is engaged; another, because the truth might deprive him of the profitable position by which he maintains his family; a third, because he desires to attain reputation and authority, and then use them in the service of mankind; a fourth, because he does not wish to destroy old sacred traditions; a fifth, because he has no desire to offend people; a sixth, because the expression of the truth would arouse persecution, and disturb the excellent social activity to which he has devoted himself.
One serves as emperor, king, minister, government functionary, or soldier, and assures himself and others that the deviation from truth indispensable to his condition is redeemed by the good he does. Another, who fulfils the duties of a spiritual pastor, does not in the depths of his soul believe all he teaches, but permits the deviation from truth in view of the good he does. A third instructs men by means of literature, and notwithstanding the silence he must observe with regard to the whole truth, in order not to stir up the government and society against himself, has no doubt as to the good he does. A fourth struggles resolutely with the existing order as revolutionist or anarchist, and is quite assured that the aims he pursues are so beneficial that the neglect of the truth, or even of the falsehood, by silence, indispensable to the success of his activity, does not destroy the utility of his work.
In order that the conditions of a life contrary to the consciousness of humanity should change and be replaced by one which is in accord with it, the outworn public opinion must be superseded by a new and living one. And in order that the old outworn opinion should yield its place to the new living one, all who are conscious of the new requirements of existence should openly express them. And yet all those who are conscious of these new requirements, one in the name of one thing, and one in the name of another, not only pass them over in silence, but both by word and deed attest their exact opposites.

“Those who neither struggle against violence nor take part in it can no more be enslaved than water can be cut.”

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Leo Tolstoy

The Meaning of the Russian Revolution (1906) http://archive.org/stream/russianrevolutio00tols/russianrevolutio00tols_djvu.txt
Contexte: One might think that it must be quite clear to people not deprived of reason, that violence breeds violence; that the only means of deliverance from violence lies in not taking part in it. This method, one would think, is quite obvious. It is evident that a great majority of men can be enslaved by a small minority only if the enslaved themselves take part in their own enslavement. If people are enslaved, it is only because they either fight violence with violence or participate in violence for their own personal profit. Those who neither struggle against violence nor take part in it can no more be enslaved than water can be cut. They can be robbed, prevented from moving about, wounded or killed, but they cannot be enslaved: that is, made to act against their own reasonable will.

“People saw more and more clearly, and now the majority see quite clearly, the senselessness and immorality of subordinating their wills to those of other people just like themselves, when they are bidden to do what is contrary not only to their interests but also to their moral sense.”

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Leo Tolstoy A Letter to a Hindu

Source: A Letter to a Hindu (1908), III
Contexte: In former times the chief method of justifying the use of violence and thereby infringing the law of love was by claiming a divine right for the rulers: the Tsars, Sultans, Rajahs, Shahs, and other heads of states. But the longer humanity lived the weaker grew the belief in this peculiar, God-given right of the ruler. That belief withered in the same way and almost simultaneously in the Christian and the Brahman world, as well as in Buddhist and Confucian spheres, and in recent times it has so faded away as to prevail no longer against man's reasonable understanding and the true religious feeling. People saw more and more clearly, and now the majority see quite clearly, the senselessness and immorality of subordinating their wills to those of other people just like themselves, when they are bidden to do what is contrary not only to their interests but also to their moral sense.

“This new fraud is just like the old ones: its essence lies in substituting something external for the use of our own reason and conscience and that of our predecessors: in the Church teaching this external thing was revelation, in the scientific teaching it is observation. The trick played by this science is to destroy man's faith in reason and conscience by directing attention to the grossest deviations from the use of human reason and conscience, and having clothed the deception in a scientific theory, to assure them that by acquiring knowledge of external phenomena they will get to know indubitable facts which will reveal to them the law of man's life. And the mental demoralization consists in this, that coming to believe that things which should be decided by conscience and reason are decided by observation, these people lose their consciousness of good and evil and become incapable of understanding the expression and definitions of good and evil that have been formed by the whole preceding life of humanity. All this, in their jargon, is conditional and subjective. It must all be abandoned - they say - the truth cannot be understood by one's reason, for one may err, but there is another path which is infallible and almost mechanical: one must study facts. And facts must be studied on the basis of the scientists' science, that is, on the basis of two unfounded propositions: positivism and evolution which are put forward as indubitable truths.”

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Leo Tolstoy

What then must we do? (1886)
Contexte: This new fraud is just like the old ones: its essence lies in substituting something external for the use of our own reason and conscience and that of our predecessors: in the Church teaching this external thing was revelation, in the scientific teaching it is observation. The trick played by this science is to destroy man's faith in reason and conscience by directing attention to the grossest deviations from the use of human reason and conscience, and having clothed the deception in a scientific theory, to assure them that by acquiring knowledge of external phenomena they will get to know indubitable facts which will reveal to them the law of man's life. And the mental demoralization consists in this, that coming to believe that things which should be decided by conscience and reason are decided by observation, these people lose their consciousness of good and evil and become incapable of understanding the expression and definitions of good and evil that have been formed by the whole preceding life of humanity. All this, in their jargon, is conditional and subjective. It must all be abandoned - they say - the truth cannot be understood by one's reason, for one may err, but there is another path which is infallible and almost mechanical: one must study facts. And facts must be studied on the basis of the scientists' science, that is, on the basis of two unfounded propositions: positivism and evolution which are put forward as indubitable truths. And the reigning science, with not less misleading solemnity than the Church, announces that the solution of all questions of life is only possible by the study of the facts of nature, and especially of organisms. A frivolous crowd of youths mastered by the novelty of this authority, which is as yet not merely not destroyed but not even touched by criticism, throws itself into the study of these facts of natural science as the sole path which, according to the assertions of the prevailing doctrine, can lead to the elucidation of the questions of life. But the further these disciples advance in this study the further and further are they removed not only from the possibility but even from the very thought of solving life's problems, and the more they become accustomed not so much to observe as to take on trust what they are told of the observations of others (to believe in cells, in protoplasm, in the fourth state of matter,1 &c.), the more and more does the form hide the contents from them; the more and more do they lose consciousness of good and evil and capacity to understand the expressions and definitions of good and evil worked out by the whole preceding life of humanity; the more and more do they adopt the specialized scientific jargon of conventional expressions which have no general human significance; the farther and farther do they wander among the debris of quite unilluminated observations; the more and more do they lose capacity not only to think independently but even to under-stand another man's fresh human thought lying outside their Talmud; and, what is most important, they pass their best years in growing unaccustomed to life, that is, to labour, and grow accustomed to consider their condition justified, while they become physically good-for-nothing parasites. And just like the theologians and the Talmudists they completely castrate their brains and become eunuchs of thought. And just like them, to the degree to which they become stupefied, they acquire a self-confidence which deprives them for ever of the possibility of returning to a simple clear and human way of thinking.

“Educated people write long, nebulous treatises on beauty as a member of the aesthetic trinity of beauty, truth, and goodness… and they all think that by pronouncing these sacrosanct words, they speak of something quite definite and solid… on which they can base their opinions.”

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Leo Tolstoy

What is Art? (1897)
Contexte: Such … was the theory (an outgrowth of Malthusian) of the selection and struggle for existence as the basis of human progress. Such again, is Marx's theory, with regard to the gradual destruction of small private production by large capitalistic production... as an inevitable decree of fate. However unfounded such theories are, however contrary to all that is known and confessed by humanity, and however obviously immoral these may be, they are accepted with credulity, pass uncriticized, and are preached … To this class belongs this astonishing theory of the Baungarten trinity — Goodness, Beauty and Truth — according to which it appears that the very best that can be done by the art of nations after 1900 years of Christian teaching is to choose as the ideal of their life that which was held by a small, semi-savage, slaveholding people who lived 2000 years ago, who imitated the nude human body extremely well, and erected buildings pleasing to the eye. Educated people write long, nebulous treatises on beauty as a member of the aesthetic trinity of beauty, truth, and goodness... and they all think that by pronouncing these sacrosanct words, they speak of something quite definite and solid... on which they can base their opinions. … only for the purpose of justifying the false importance we attribute to an art that conveys every feeling, provided those feelings give us pleasure.

“It is as if a man, who was given a blade so marvelously keen that it would sever anything, should use its edge for driving in nails.”

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Leo Tolstoy

“A commercial company enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this to a man free from superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words mean.”

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Leo Tolstoy A Letter to a Hindu

Source: A Letter to a Hindu (1908), V
Contexte: A commercial company enslaved a nation comprising two hundred millions. Tell this to a man free from superstition and he will fail to grasp what these words mean. What does it mean that thirty thousand men, not athletes but rather weak and ordinary people, have subdued two hundred million vigorous, clever, capable, and freedom-loving people? Do not the figures make it clear that it is not the English who have enslaved the Indians, but the Indians who have enslaved themselves?

“To all these questions there were answers admirably stated, and answers admitting no shade of doubt, since they were not a product of human thought, always liable to error, but were all the product of official activity.”

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Leo Tolstoy livre Anna Karénine

Part IV, Chapter 6
Anna Karenina (1875–1877; 1878)
Contexte: The new commission for the inquiry into the condition of the native tribes in all its branches had been formed and dispatched to its destination with an unusual speed and energy inspired by Alexey Alexandrovitch. Within three months a report was presented. The condition of the native tribes was investigated in its political, administrative, economic, ethnographic, material, and religious aspects. To all these questions there were answers admirably stated, and answers admitting no shade of doubt, since they were not a product of human thought, always liable to error, but were all the product of official activity. The answers were all based on official data furnished by governors and heads of churches, and founded on the reports of district magistrates and ecclesiastical superintendents, founded in their turn on the reports of parochial overseers and parish priests; and so all of these answers were unhesitating and certain. All such questions as, for instance, of the cause of failure of crops, of the adherence of certain tribes to their ancient beliefs, etc.—questions which, but for the convenient intervention of the official machine, are not, and cannot be solved for ages—received full, unhesitating solution.

“I cannot recall those years without horror, loathing, and heart-rending pain.”

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Leo Tolstoy

Pt. I, ch. 2
Confession (1882)
Contexte: I cannot recall those years without horror, loathing, and heart-rending pain. I killed people in war, challenged men to duels with the purpose of killing them, and lost at cards; I squandered the fruits of the peasants' toil and then had them executed; I was a fornicator and a cheat. Lying, stealing, promiscuity of every kind, drunkenness, violence, murder — there was not a crime I did not commit... Thus I lived for ten years.

“The conscience of a man of our circle, if he retains but a scrap of it, cannot rest, and poisons all the comforts and enjoyments of life supplied to us by the labour of our brothers, who suffer and perish”

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Leo Tolstoy

What then must we do? (1886)
Contexte: The conscience of a man of our circle, if he retains but a scrap of it, cannot rest, and poisons all the comforts and enjoyments of life supplied to us by the labour of our brothers, who suffer and perish at that labour. And not only does every conscientious man feel this himself (he would be glad to forget it, but cannot do so in our age) but all the best part of science and art - that part which has not forgotten the purpose of its vocation - continually reminds us of our cruelty and of our unjustifiable position. The old firm justifications are all destroyed; the new ephemeral justifications of the progress of science for science's sake and art for art's sake do not stand the light of simple common sense. Men's consciences cannot be set at rest by new excuses, but only by a change of life which will make any justification of oneself unnecessary as there will be nothing needing justification.

“Martin understood that his dream had come true; and that the Saviour had really come to him that day, and he had welcomed him.”

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Leo Tolstoy

"Where Love Is, God Is" (1885), also translated as "Where Love is, There God is Also" - (full text online)
Contexte: Martin's soul grew very very glad. He crossed himself put on his spectacles, and began reading the Gospel just where it had opened; and at the top of the page he read: I was an hungered, and ye gave me meat; I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink; I was a stranger, and ye took me in. And at the bottom of the page he read: Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren even these least, ye did it unto me (Matt. xxv). And Martin understood that his dream had come true; and that the Saviour had really come to him that day, and he had welcomed him.

“One free man will say with truth what he thinks and feels amongst thousands of men who by their acts and words attest exactly the opposite. It would seem that he who sincerely expressed his thought must remain alone, whereas it generally happens that every one else, or the majority at least, have been thinking and feeling the same things but without expressing them.”

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Leo Tolstoy

“In the upper, rich, more educated classes of European society doubt arose as to the truth of that understanding of life which was expressed by Church Christianity.”

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Leo Tolstoy

What is Art? (1897)
Contexte: In the upper, rich, more educated classes of European society doubt arose as to the truth of that understanding of life which was expressed by Church Christianity. When, after the Crusades and the maximum development of papal power and its abuses, people of the rich classes became acquainted with the wisdom of the classics and saw, on the one hand, the reasonable lucidity of the teachings of the ancient sages, and on the other hand, the incompatibility of the Church doctrine with the teaching of Christ, they found it impossible to continue to believe the Church teaching.

“Whereas at present, every man, even, if free, asks himself, "What can I do alone against all this ocean of evil and deceit which overwhelms us? Why should I express my opinion? Why indeed possess one?”

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Leo Tolstoy

“Ivan Ilych saw that he was dying, and he was in continual despair.”

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Leo Tolstoy The Death of Ivan Ilyich

Source: The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886), Ch. VI
Contexte: Ivan Ilych saw that he was dying, and he was in continual despair. In the depth of his heart he knew he was dying, but not only was he not accustomed to the thought, he simply did not and could not grasp it. The syllogism he had learnt from Kiesewetter's Logic: "Caius is a man, men are mortal, therefore Caius is mortal," had always seemed to him correct as applied to Caius, but certainly not as applied to himself. That Caius — man in the abstract — was mortal, was perfectly correct, but he was not Caius, not an abstract man, but a creature quite, quite separate from all others.

“How good is it to remember one's insignificance: that of a man among billions of men, of an animal amid billions of animals”

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Leo Tolstoy

Last Diaries (1979) edited by Leon Stilman, p. 77
Contexte: How good is it to remember one's insignificance: that of a man among billions of men, of an animal amid billions of animals; and one's abode, the earth, a little grain of sand in comparison with Sirius and others, and one's life span in comparison with billions on billions of ages. There is only one significance, you are a worker. The assignment is inscribed in your reason and heart and expressed clearly and comprehensibly by the best among the beings similar to you. The reward for doing the assignment is immediately within you. But what the significance of the assignment is or of its completion, that you are not given to know, nor do you need to know it. It is good enough as it is. What else could you desire?