"Bushes and Ladders in Human Evolution", p. 61
Ever Since Darwin (1977)
“Life is a ramifying bush with millions of branches, not a ladder.”
Source: An Urchin in the Storm (1987) "The Perils of Hope", p. 211
Context: Darwinism is a theory of local adaptation to changing environments, not a tale of inevitable progress. “After long reflection,” Darwin wrote, “I cannot avoid the conviction that no innate tendency to progressive development exists.”
Jastrow might argue that he is only considering the single pathway through the immense labyrinth of life’s bush that happened to lead to us. Even here I might reply that while we have a personal motive for special interest in (and affection for) this particular pathway, we have no right to regard it (or any other) as the essential direction of life. The pathways leading to aardvarks, anchovies, or artichokes are just as long, intricate, and biologically informative.
Help us to complete the source, original and additional information
Stephen Jay Gould 274
American evolutionary biologist 1941–2002Related quotes
“The real problem is, people think life is a ladder, and it’s really a wheel.”
“The Forest is Crying”, p. 44 (quoting Pat Cadigan)
The Ivory and the Horn (1996)
2010s, American Contempt for Liberty (2015)

2000s, Where the Right Went Wrong (2004)
“Success is like a ladder and no one has ever climbed a ladder with their hands in their pockets.”

The Circus Animals' Desertion, III
Last Poems (1936-1939)