“Adversity has the effect of eliciting talents, which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant.”
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Horace 92
Roman lyric poet -65–-8 BCRelated quotes

“Prosperity proves men to be fortunate, while it is adversity which makes them great.”
Secunda felices, adversa magnos probent.
XXXI.
Panegyricus

Of Adversity
Essays (1625)
Context: The virtue of prosperity, is temperance; the virtue of adversity, is fortitude; which in morals is the more heroical virtue. Prosperity is the blessing of the Old Testament; adversity is the blessing of the New; which carrieth the greater benediction, and the clearer revelation of God's favor. Yet even in the Old Testament, if you listen to David's harp, you shall hear as many hearse-like airs as carols; and the pencil of the Holy Ghost hath labored more in describing the afflictions of Job, than the felicities of Solomon. Prosperity is not without many fears and distastes; and adversity is not without comforts and hopes.

14.
Meditations Divine and Moral (1664)
Source: The Works of Anne Bradstreet

Source: Epigrams, p. 371

“In the day of prosperity we have many refuges to resort to; in the day of adversity, only one.”
Source: Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895), P. 7.
“Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them.”
Maxim 872
Sentences, The Moral Sayings of Publius Syrus, a Roman Slave

“Prosperity is the blessing of the Old Testament; adversity is the blessing of the New.”
Of Adversity
Essays (1625)

“It was a saying of his that education was an ornament in prosperity and a refuge in adversity.”
Aristotle, 9.
The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers (c. 200 A.D.), Book 5: The Peripatetics

(Often shortened to "can't stand prosperity" as an unknown quote).
1840s, Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840), The Hero as Man of Letters