“Experience has repeatedly confirmed that well-known maxim of Bacon's that "a little philosophy inclineth a man's mind to atheism, but depth in philosophy bringeth men's minds about to religion." At the same time, when Bacon penned that sage epigram… he forgot to add that the God to whom depth in philosophy brings back men's minds is far from being the same from whom a little philosophy estranges them.”

All Gall Is Divided (1952)

L 23
Aphorisms (1765-1799), Notebook L (1793-1796)

In CBC Newss "At Issue", Oct 1, 2009 edition.
On a French philosopher's defense of Roman Polanski, following the later's arrest in Switzerland and extradition to the US.

Source: Julian Comstock: A Story of 22nd-Century America (2009), p. 338

Source: "King Bhumibol's Reign" in The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/21/magazine/king-bhumibol-s-reign.html (21 May 1989)

Source: The Life of Pasteur (1902), p. 163
Context: I confess frankly, however, that I am not competent on the question of our philosophical schools. Of M. Comte I have only read a few absurd passages; of M. Littré I only know the beautiful pages you were inspired to write by his rare knowledge and some of his domestic virtues. My philosophy is of the heart and not of the mind, and I give myself up, for instance, to those feelings about eternity which come naturally at the bedside of a cherished child drawing its last breath. At those supreme moments, there is something in the depths of our souls which tells us that the world may be more than a mere combination of phenomena proper to a mechanical equilibrium brought out of the chaos of the elements simply through the gradual action of the forces of matter.

"Bacon's Religion," p. 293
An Examination of the Philosophy of Francis Bacon (1836)

This alleged quotation is attributed to Pasteur at least as early as 1952, in Miracles, by Morvan Lebesque. It appears in a letter about Pasteur reprinted in the February 7, 1920 issue of America magazine, but the author of the letter attributes the saying to Pascal and says it applies to Pasteur. It may be a paraphrase of Francis Bacon, in "On Atheism" in Essays (1597): A little Philosophy inclineth Mans Minde to Atheisme; But depth in Philosophy, bringeth Mens Mindes about to Religion.
Misattributed

Mos antiquis fuit, usque ad meam servatus aetatem, primis epistulae verbis adicere 'si vales bene est, ego valeo'. Recte nos dicimus 'si philosopharis, bene est'.
Valere enim hoc demum est. Sine hoc aeger est animus.
Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Moral Letters to Lucilius), Letter XV