“I call on Fate to give me back my soul.”

To-night.
Bartlett's Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. (1919)

Said of Publius Quinctilius Varus, who commanded the three legions lost at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest; in Suetonius, Divus Augustus, paragraph 23. Translation: Robert Graves, 1957.

What the Butler Saw (1969), Act I

Maid of Athens http://readytogoebooks.com/MOA43.htm, st. 1 (1810).

This may have inspired later lines of "A Challenge" from "Quatrains" by James Benjamin Kenyon, published in An American Anthology, 1787-1900 (1901) edited by Edmund Clarence Stedman:
Arise, O Soul, and gird thee up anew,
Though the black camel Death kneel at thy gate;
No beggar thou that thou for alms shouldst sue:
Be the proud captain still of thine own fate.
Invictus (1875)

Source: Like the Flowing River

Source: The Book of Disquiet

Source: The Happiness Project: Or Why I Spent a Year Trying to Sing in the Morning, Clean My Closets, Fight Right, Read Aristotle, and Generally Have More Fun

Source: The Coffin Club