“Calvin’s theocentric irrationalism eventually revealed itself as the cunning to technocratic reason which had to shape its human material. Misery and the poor laws did not suffice to drive men into the workshops of the early capitalistic era. The new spirit helped to supplement external pressures with a concern for wife and child to which the moral autonomy of the introverted subject in reality was tantamount.”
Source: "The End of Reason" (1941), p. 34.
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Max Horkheimer61
German philosopher and sociologist 1895–1973Related quotes
Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989) Soviet nuclear physicist and human rights activist
Progress, Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom (1968), The Basis for Hope, Peaceful Competition
Context: Without socialism, bourgeois practices and the egotistical principle of private ownership gave rise to the "people of the abyss" described by Jack London and earlier by Engels.
Only the competition with socialism and the pressure of the working class made possible the social progress of the twentieth century and, all the more, will insure the now inevitable process of rapprochement of the two systems. It took socialism to raise the meaning of labor to the heights of a moral feat. Before the advent of socialism, national egotism gave rise to colonial oppression, nationalism, and racism. By now it has become clear that victory is on the side of the humanistic, international approach.
The capitalist world could not help giving birth to the socialist, but now the socialist world should not seek to destroy by force the ground from which it grew. Under the present conditions this would be tantamount to the suicide of mankind. Socialism should ennoble that ground by its example and other indirect forms of pressure and then merge with it.
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) German philosopher
Kant, Immanuel (1996), pages 219-220
Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (1798)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel book Lectures on Aesthetics
As quoted in the Introduction to Aesthetics (1842), translated by T. M. Knox, (1979), p. 89
Lectures on Aesthetics (1835)
Michael Roberts (writer) (1902–1948) English schoolteacher and man of letters
Hulme and Modrern Poetry' in ' T E Hulme ',Carcanet Press,Manchester, 1982
Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814) German philosopher
Source: The Characteristics of the Present Age (1806), p. 8
Michel Henry (1922–2002) French writer
Source: Michel Henry, Material Phenomenology, Fordham University Press, 2008, p. 6
Source: Books on Phenomenology and Life, Material Phenomenology (1990)
Paul A. Baran (1909–1964) American Marxist economist
Source: The Political Economy Of Growth (1957), Chapter One, A General View, p. 4
Leslie Weatherhead (1893–1976) English theologian
Source: The Christian Agnostic (1965), p.49, [ellipsis added]