Leo Strauss cytaty
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Leo Strauss – niemiecko-amerykański myśliciel polityczny pochodzenia żydowskiego.

Zajmował się przede wszystkim filozofią polityczną i filozofią żydowską. Na University of Chicago, gdzie w latach 1949-1969 wykładał nauki polityczne, zgromadził wokół siebie znaczne grono słuchaczy , z których wielu zostało potem wpływowymi intelektualistami.

Strauss łączył analizy myślicieli zaliczanych do zachodniego kanonu filozofii z filozofami muzułmańskimi i żydowskimi. Stawiał tezę, że w XVI-XVII w. doszło do zasadniczej zmiany w filozofii, która odeszła od swoich klasycznych wzorców. Z tego powodu, zrozumienie przednowożytnych filozofów wymaga szczególnego wysiłku i metody badawczej. Szczególnie głośna była jego teza o "ezoterycznym sposobie pisania" wielkich filozofów. Zgodnie z nią, filozofowie obawiając się prześladowań i niezrozumienia ze strony społeczeństwa, ukrywali swoje właściwe poglądy. Możemy do nich dotrzeć jedynie przez głęboką analizę ich tekstów, badanie ich struktury, porównywanie fragmentów i wyszukiwanie sprzeczności. Wikipedia

✵ 20. Wrzesień 1899 – 18. Październik 1973

Leo Strauss: 78 cytatów0 Polubień

Leo Strauss: Cytaty po angielsku

“The works of the great writers of the past are very beautiful even from without. And yet their visible beauty is sheer ugliness, compared with the beauty of those hidden treasures which disclose themselves only after very long, never easy, but always pleasant work. This always difficult but always pleasant work is, I believe, what the philosophers had in mind when they recommended education. Education, they felt, is the only answer to the always pressing question, to the political question par excellence, of how to reconcile order which is not oppression with freedom which is not license.”

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Leo Strauss książka Persecution and the Art of Writing

Źródło: Persecution and the Art of Writing (1952), Persecution and the Art of Writing, p. 37

“No bloody or unbloody change of society can eradicate the evil in man: as long as there will be men, there will be malice, envy and hatred, and hence there cannot be a society which does not have to employ coercive restraint.”

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The City and Man, p. 5 (1964)

“We shall not shock anyone, we shall merely expose ourselves to good-natured or at any rate harmless ridicule, if we profess ourselves inclined to the old fashioned and simple opinion according to which Machiavelli was a teacher of evil.”

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Leo Strauss książka Thoughts on Machiavelli

Introduction
Thoughts on Machiavelli (1958)

“In our time scholars generally study the Bible in the manner in which they study any other book. As is generally admitted, Spinoza more than any other man laid the foundation for this kind of Biblical study.”

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Introduction
Spinoza's Critique of Religion (1965)

“Even by proving that a certain view is indispensable for living well, one proves merely that the view in question is a salutary myth: one does not prove it to be true.”

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Źródło: Natural Right and History (1953), p. 6

“Liberal education is the ladder by which we try to ascend from mass democracy to democracy as originally meant.”

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“What is liberal education,” pp. 4-5
Liberalism Ancient and Modern (1968)
Kontekst: It was once said that democracy is the regime that stands or falls by virtue: a democracy is a regime in which all or most adults are men of virtue, and since virtue seems to require wisdom, a regime in which all or most adults are virtuous and wise, or the society in which all or most adults have developed their reason to a high degree, or the rational society. Democracy, in a word, is meant to be an aristocracy which has broadened into a universal aristocracy. … There exists a whole science—the science which I among thousands of others profess to teach, political science—which so to speak has no other theme than the contrast between the original conception of democracy, or what one may call the ideal of democracy, and democracy as it is. … Liberal education is the ladder by which we try to ascend from mass democracy to democracy as originally meant.

“At the time and in the country in which the present study was written, it was granted by everyone except backward people that the Jewish faith had not been refuted by science or by history…. one could grant to science and history everything they seem to teach regarding the age of the world, the origin of man, the impossibility of miracles, the impossibility of the immortality of the soul, and of the resurrection of the body, the Jahvist, the Elohist, the third Isaah, and so on, without abandoning one iota of the substance of the Jewish faith.”

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Źródło: Liberalism Ancient and Modern (1968), p. 231; from the "Preface" to Spinoza's Critique of Religion

“Education to perfect gentlemanship, to human excellence, liberal education consists in reminding oneself of human excellence, of human greatness.”

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“What is liberal education,” p. 6
Liberalism Ancient and Modern (1968)

“By realizing that we are ignorant of the most important things, we realize at the same time that the most important thing for us, or the one thing needful, is quest for knowledge of the most important things or quest for wisdom.”

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Źródło: Natural Right and History (1953), p. 36

“The facile delusions which conceal from us our true situation all amount to this: that we are, or can be, wiser than the wisest men of the past. We are thus induced to play the part, not of attentive and docile listeners, but of impresarios and lion-tamers.”

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“What is liberal education,” p.
Liberalism Ancient and Modern (1968)

“The adjective “political” in “political philosophy” designates not so much the subject matter as a manner of treatment; from this point of view, I say, “political philosophy” means primarily not the philosophic study of politics, but the political, or popular, treatment of philosophy, or the political introduction to philosophy—the attempt to lead qualified citizens, or rather their qualified sons, from the political life to the philosophic life.”

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Źródło: What is Political Philosophy (1959), p. 93

“It is as absurd to expect members of philosophy departments to be philosophers as it is to expect members of art departments to be artists.”

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“What is liberal education,” p. 7
Liberalism Ancient and Modern (1968)

“Writings are naturally accessible to all who can read. Therefore a philosopher who chose the second way could expound only such opinions as were suitable for the nonphilosophic majority: all of his writings would have to be, strictly speaking, exoteric. These opinions would not be in all respects consonant with truth. Being a philosopher, that is, hating "the lie in the soul" more than anything else, he would not deceive himself about the fact that such opinions are merely "likely tales," or "noble lies," or "probable opinions," and would leave it to his philosophic readers to disentangle the truth from its poetic or dialectic presentation. But he would defeat his purpose if he indicated clearly which of his statements expressed a noble lie, and which the still more noble truth.”

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Leo Strauss książka Persecution and the Art of Writing

Źródło: Persecution and the Art of Writing (1952), Persecution and the Art of Writing, p. 35

“Dogmatism as Nietzsche means it implies that one possesses the truth, or at least the most important or the most valuable truth. Yet the truth is elusive like that woman of whom he spoke at the very beginning. Elsewhere he says we are the first generation which no longer believes that it possesses the truth. That is what he means by the end of dogmatism.”

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Seminar on Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil (1971–1972)

“History teaches us that a given view has been abandoned in favor of another by all men, or by all competent men, or perhaps by only the most vocal men; it does not teach us whether the change was sound or whether the rejected view deserved to be rejected. Only an impartial analysis of the view in question, an analysis that is not dazzled by the victory or stunned by the defeat of the adherents of the view concerned—could teach us anything regarding the worth of the view and hence regarding the meaning of the historical change.”

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Źródło: Natural Right and History (1953), p. 19

“There were two reasons why contemporary Jews were inclined to celebrate Spinoza. The first is Spinoza's assumed merit about mankind and only secondarily about the Jews; the second is his assumed merit about the Jewish people and only secondarily about mankind. Both reasons had induced contemporary Jews not only informally to rescind the excommunication which the Jewish community in Amsterdam had pronounced against Spinoza, but even, as Cohen put it, to canonize him.”

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Preface
Spinoza's Critique of Religion (1965)

“In following this movement towards its end we shall inevitably reach a point beyond which the scene is darkened by the shadow of Hitler. Unfortunately, it does not go without saying that in our examination we must avoid the fallacy that in the last decades has frequently been used as a substitute for the reductio ad absurdum: the reductio ad Hitlerum. A view is not refuted by the fact that it happens to have been shared by Hitler.”

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Źródło: Natural Right and History (1953), p. 42

“It is a general observation that people write as they read. As a rule, careful writers are careful readers and vice versa. A careful writer wants to be read carefully. He cannot know what it means to be read carefully but by having done careful reading himself. Reading precedes writing. We read before we write. We learn to write by reading. A man learns to write well by reading well good books, by reading most carefully books which are most carefully written.”

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Leo Strauss książka Persecution and the Art of Writing

Źródło: Persecution and the Art of Writing (1952), How to Study Spinoza's Theologico-Political Treatise, p. 144

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