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Jonas Salk cytaty
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Jonas Edward Salk – wirolog, wynalazca szczepionki przeciw grypie i twórca jednej ze szczepionek przeciw paraliżowi dziecięcemu .



1942 – pod presją swego sponsora, armii USA, Salk zaczął pracę nad szczepionką przeciw grypie

1949 – korzystając z doświadczeń zespołu Endersa, Salk rozpoczął badania nad polio

1954 – John Franklin Enders otrzymał Nobla za badania nad polio

1955 – Salk ogłosił otrzymanie szczepionki przeciw paraliżowi dziecięcemu; rozpoczęły się masowe szczepienia. Zaszczepiono 440 tysięcy dzieci. Jednak po podaniu szczepionki u niektórych dzieci wystąpiły objawy paraliżu. U 250 dzieci nastąpiły powikłania, u 150 wystąpił częściowy lub całkowity paraliż, a 11 zmarło. Z tego powodu szczepionkę wycofano

1960 – założył Salk Institute for Biological Studies w La Jolla w Kalifornii

1962 – aby odbudować swój autorytet udoskonaloną szczepionkę przeciwko polio zaaplikował sobie i synom, co przekonało Amerykanów do masowego szczepienia przeciwko polio. Do 1962 roku zaszczepiła się ponad połowa mieszkańców USA do 40 roku życia, a zachorowalność spadła o 86 procent.Jego praca umożliwiła obronę dzieci przed ciężką i wyniszczającą chorobą. Paraliż dziecięcy w latach 50. dotykał w USA 1 noworodka na 5000. Tysiące ciężej porażonych dzieci musiały korzystać z żelaznych płuc. Wikipedia  

✵ 28. Październik 1914 – 23. Czerwiec 1995
Jonas Salk Fotografia
Jonas Salk: 47   Cytatów 0   Polubień

Jonas Salk: Cytaty po angielsku

“Know what is the purpose of life that you are inclined to serve, that you are drawn to. Do what makes your heart leap rather than simply follow some style or fashion. Not everyone can or should be a scientists. Not everyone can or should be any one thing. People need to know what kind of purpose they can serve.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“We were told in one lecture that it was possible to immunize against diphtheria and tetanus by the use of chemically treated toxins, or toxoids. And the following lecture, we were told that for immunization against a virus disease, you have to experience the infection, and that you could not induce immunity with the so-called "killed" or inactivated, chemically treated virus preparation. Well, somehow, that struck me. What struck me was that both statements couldn't be true. And I asked why this was so, and the answer that was given was in a sense, 'Because.'”

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Jonas Salk

There was no satisfactory answer.
Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“I was told I could, if I wished, switch and get a Ph. D. in biochemistry but my preference was to stay with medicine. And I believe that this is all linked to my original ambition, or desire, which was to be of some help to humankind, so to speak, in a larger sense than just on a one-to-one basis. Just as I intended to study law, to make just laws, so I found myself interested now in the laws of nature, as distinct from the laws the people make.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“There are three stages of truth. First is that it can't be true, and that's what they said. You couldn't immunize against polio with a killed-virus vaccine. Second phase: they say, "Well, if it's true, it's not very important. And the third stage is, 'Well, we've known it all along."”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“Some people are constructive, if you like. Others are destructive. It's this diversity in humankind that results in some making positive contributions and some negative contributions. It's necessary to have enough who make positive contributions to overcome the problems of each age.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“Since whatever we do has to be part of a team, part of a community, we have to attempt to bring together those who have the same conviction, see the same things. Then it becomes a matter of time, when one or the other will prevail. Fortunately, there is all this diversity, and if not for that, problems would not be solved.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“There is something about human nature that has to be understood, and so … I've shifted my attention from an interest in unity to an interest in creativity.”

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Jonas Salk

The Open Mind interview (1985)

“You have to develop a thick skin in life. Its not in this field only. You might think of the ideal of the scientists, the ivory tower, the idealist. That's true of some. And I wouldn't guess as to what proportion. But there are some who are of that character, and there are some who are not.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“It is courage based on confidence, not daring, and it is confidence based on experience.”

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Jonas Salk

On testing his vaccine against polio on himself, his wife, and his three sons (9 May 1955)

“I couldn't possibly have become a member of this institute if I hadn't founded it myself.”

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Jonas Salk

On the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the difficulties he has had with others involved in medical research because of his unorthodox approaches and attitudes, as quoted in a Brief biography at PBS.org http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmsalk.html

“Risks, I like to say, always pay off. You learn what to do, or what not to do.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“As a bio-philosopher — as someone who draws upon the scriptures of nature, recognizing that we are the product of the process of evolution, and in a sense, we have become the process itself — through the emergence and evolution of our consciousness, our awareness, our capacity to imagine and to anticipate the future and to choose from amongst alternatives.”

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Jonas Salk

Responding to a question of whether he holds his views as a philosopher or as a biologist.
The Open Mind interview (1985)

“I already see enough evidence for this optimism … in recent years I find that perhaps what Im seeking is a scientific basis for hope, and I think I've found it.”

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Jonas Salk

The Open Mind interview (1985)

“You can have a team of unconventional thinkers, as well as conventional thinkers. If you don't have the support of others you cannot achieve anything altogether on your own. It's like a cry in the wilderness. In each instance there were others who could see the same thing, and there were others who could not. It's an obvious difference we see in those who you might say have a bird's eye view, and those who have a worm's eye view. I've come to realize that we all have a different mind set, we all see things differently, and that's what the human condition is really all about.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“As a child I was not interested in science. I was merely interested in things human, the human side of nature, if you like, and I continue to be interested in that. That's what motivates me.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

“Why do I see things differently from the way other people see them? Why do I pursue the questions that I pursue, even if others regard them as, as they say, "controversial?" Which merely means that they have a difference of opinion. They see things differently. I am interested both in nature, and in the human side of nature, and how the two can be brought together, and effectively used.”

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Jonas Salk

Academy of Achievement interview (1991)

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