Stanley G. Payne (1934) American historian
Source: Fascism: Comparison and Definition (1980), A History of Fascism, 1914—1945 (1995), pp. 210-211
Source: Russia Under The Bolshevik Regime (1994), p. 262
Stanley G. Payne (1934) American historian
Source: Fascism: Comparison and Definition (1980), A History of Fascism, 1914—1945 (1995), pp. 210-211
Zeev Sternhell (1935) Israeli historian
Source: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 197
Konrad Heiden (1901–1966) German journalist and historian
Source: A History of National Socialism (1934), p. 85
A. James Gregor (1929–2019) American political scientist
Source: Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism, (1979), p. 99
Errico Malatesta (1853–1932) Italian anarchist
Note to the article 'Individualism and Anarchism' by Adams (1924)
Context: I claimed that "individualist anarchism and communist anarchism are the same, or nearly so, in terms of moral motivations and ultimate goals".
I know that one could counter my claim with hundreds of texts and plenty of deeds of self-proclaimed individualist anarchists, which would demonstrate that individualist anarchist and communist anarchist are separated by something of a moral abyss.
However, I deny that that kind of individualists can be included among anarchists, despite their liking for calling themselves so.
If anarchy means non-government, non-domination, non-oppression by man over man, how can one call himself anarchist without lying to himself and the others, when he frankly claims that he would oppress the others for the satisfaction of his Ego, without any scruple or limit, other than that drawn by his own strength? He can be a rebel, because he is being oppressed and he fights to become an oppressor, as other nobler rebels fight to destroy any kind of oppression; but he sure cannot be anarchist. He is a would-be bourgeois, a would-be tyrant, who is unable to accomplish his dreams of dominion and wealth by his own strength and by legal means, and therefore he approaches anarchists to exploit their moral and material solidarity.
Therefore, I think the question is not about "communists" and "individualists", but rather about anarchists and non-anarchists. And we, or at least many of us, were quite wrong in discussing a certain kind of alleged "anarchist individualism" as if it really was one of the various tendencies of anarchism, instead of fighting it as one of the many disguises of authoritarianism.
A. James Gregor (1929–2019) American political scientist
Source: Giovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism, (2001), p. 55
Stanley G. Payne (1934) American historian
Source: Fascism: Comparison and Definition (1980), p. 42
Zeev Sternhell (1935) Israeli historian
Source: The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, 1994, p. 27
Salvador Allende (1908–1973) Chilean physician and politician
As quoted in Conversations With Allende (1970) by Regis Debray