Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg citations

Theobald Theodor Friedrich Alfred von Bethmann Hollweg est un homme d'État allemand durant la période de l'Empire allemand.

Il commence sa carrière en tant que simple fonctionnaire, gravit les échelons avant d'atteindre la fonction de chancelier impérial entre 1909 et 1917.

Il a des idées libérales et est proche du parti progressiste allemand mais en tant que chancelier, il tente de gouverner au-dessus des partis en menant des politiques de conciliation entre les sociaux-démocrates et les conservateurs, tout d'abord la « politique des diagonales » puis la « paix des forteresses ». Cette attitude lui apporte certes quelques éloges des deux camps mais surtout des critiques.

Son rôle lors de l’éclatement de la Première Guerre mondiale est sujet à controverse.

Au début, en 1914 et 1915, il s'oppose à la politique d'annexion de la droite tout en poursuivant tout de même des objectifs de guerre ambitieux. À partir de 1916, il se montre favorable toutefois à la signature d'une motion de paix en tentant d'exploiter la position de force allemande.

En 1917, le conflit entre lui et les membres du Oberste Heeresleitung, le commandement de l'armée allemande, et Paul von Hindenburg et Erich Ludendorff, le pousse à la démission.

Ses valeurs éthiques et ses vues progressistes servent de lignes directrices par la suite à différents groupes comme le club SeSiSo ou à des mouvements de résistance au nazisme comme le cercle Solf et le cercle de Kreisau. Grâce à ses contacts avec le Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne, il peut s'appuyer sur le soutien de la bourgeoisie. Wikipedia  

✵ 29. novembre 1856 – 1. janvier 1921
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg photo
Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg: 14   citations 0   J'aime

Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg: Citations en anglais

“This war torments me. Again and again I ask if it could have been avoided and what I should have done differently. ... [A]ll nations are guilty; Germany, too, bears a large part of the blame.”

Remarks to Conrad Haussmann (24 February 1918), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 48

“The Italian Government has now written her perfidy indelibly with letters of blood on the pages of history.”

Speech to the Reichstag (28 May 1915), quoted in W. W. Coole (ed.), Thus Spake Germany (1941), p. 222

“When assessing the responsibility for this war—we have to confess honestly that we bear a share of the guilt. If I said this thought oppresses me, I would say too little—this thought never leaves me. I live in it.”

Remarks to Theodor Wolff (5 February 1915), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 76

“Germany and England have undertaken all steps to avoid a European war. ... [W]e have lost control and the landslide has begun, As a political leader I am not abandoning my hope and my attempts to keep the peace as long as my démarche in Vienna has not been rejected.”

Speech to the Prussian Ministry of State (30 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 69

“We can assure the English cabinet—presupposing its neutrality—that even in case of a victorious war, we will seek no territorial aggrandizement in Europe at the cost of France.”

Note (29 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), pp. 68–69

“We are certainly ready to fulfill our obligations as ally but we clearly must refuse to be drawn lightly into a world conflagration by Vienna without consideration of our proposals.”

Letter to Schoen, Pourtales, and Tschirschky (29 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 68

“As long as Russia does not commit a hostile act, I believe that our stand, directed towards localization, must remain peaceful, too.”

Letter to the Kaiser (26 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 63

“It is improbable that England will immediately enter the fray.”

Letter to the Kaiser (23 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 62

“If we succeed not only in keeping France itself quiet, but also in having it plead for peace in Petersburg, this turn of events will weaken the Franco-Russian alliance.”

Letter to Rödern (15 July 1914), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 62

“We must keep France in check through a cautious policy towards Russia and England. Naturally this does not please our chauvinists and is unpopular. But I see no alternative for Germany in the near future.”

Letter to Eisendecher (23 March 1913), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), p. 53

“If war is forced upon us, we shall fight and, with God's help, not perish. But to conjure up a war ourselves without having our honor or vital interests imperiled, this I would consider a sin against Germany's destiny, even if human foresight would predict a total victory.”

Letter to the Kaiser (6 March 1912), quoted in Konrad H. Jarauschl, ‘The Illusion of Limited War: Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg's Calculated Risk, July 1914’, Central European History, Vol. 2, No. 1 (Mar., 1969), pp. 59–60

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