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Muhammad Ali Jinnah citations
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah était un avocat et un homme politique connu comme le fondateur du Pakistan. Il est la figure emblématique de la Ligue musulmane qu'il rejoint en 1913 et dirige lors de l'indépendance du Pakistan le 14 août 1947. Il devient le premier gouverneur général du pays, de l'indépendance à sa mort. Il est connu au Pakistan sous le nom de Baba Quaid-e-Azam et Baba-e-Qaum et le jour de sa naissance est un jour férié.

Né à Karachi, Jinnah suivit des études de droit au Lincoln's Inn de Londres avant de devenir un personnage influent du Congrès national indien dans les deux premières décennies du XXe siècle. Au début de sa carrière politique, Jinnah défendit l'unité hindoue-musulmane et aida à la rédaction du pacte de Lucknow de 1916 entre le Congrès et la Ligue musulmane, un parti dont il était également devenu un membre important. Il devint l'un des principaux chefs de la All-India Home Rule League et proposa une réforme constitutionnelle pour garantir les droits politiques des musulmans si l'Inde britannique obtenait son indépendance. Jinnah quitta néanmoins le Congrès en 1920 lorsque ce dernier, emmené par Mohandas Gandhi décida de mener une campagne de Satyagraha ou résistance non violente contre le pouvoir britannique.

En 1940, Jinnah en était venu à la conclusion que les musulmans devraient avoir leur propre État et la Ligue musulmane vota la résolution de Lahore demandant une nation séparée. Durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la Ligue se renforça tandis que les chefs du Congrès étaient emprisonnés et lors des élections organisées peu après la guerre, elle remporta la plupart des sièges réservés aux musulmans. Le Congrès et la Ligue ne parvinrent cependant pas à un accord de partage du pouvoir dans une Inde unie et les deux partis acceptèrent la solution de deux États : l'Inde à majorité hindoue et un pays à majorité musulmane qui fut appelé Pakistan.

En tant que premier gouverneur général du Pakistan, Jinnah œuvra à la mise en place du gouvernement et des politiques de la nouvelle nation et il aida les millions de réfugiés musulmans qui avaient quitté l'Inde après la partition des Indes en supervisant personnellement la création de camps de réfugiés. Jinnah mourut à l'âge de 71 ans en septembre 1948 un an juste après la création du Pakistan. Il reste un personnage très respecté au Pakistan même si les opinions sont plus partagées en Inde. Selon son biographe, Stanley Wolpert, il reste le plus grand dirigeant du Pakistan. Wikipedia  

✵ 25. décembre 1876 – 11. septembre 1948
Muhammad Ali Jinnah photo
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah: Citations en anglais

“We should have a State in which we could live and breathe as free men and which we could develop according to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social justice could find free play.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to Civil, Naval, Military and Air Force Officers of Pakistan Government, Karachi (11 October 1947)

“You are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed. That has nothing to do with the business of the State.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Presidential address to the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, Karachi (11 August 1947)

“In due course of time, Hindus will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims, not in a religious sense because that is the personal faith of an individual, but in a political sense as citizens of one state.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to the Constituent Assembly (1947)

“When we say 'This flag (Muslim League's flag) is the flag of Islam' they think we are introducing religion into politics - a fact of which we are proud. Islam gives us a complete code. It is not only religion but it contains laws, philosophy and politics. In fact, it contains everything that matters to a man from morning to night. When we talk of Islam we take it as all embracing word. We do not mean any ill. The foundation of our Islamic code is that we stand for liberty, equality and fraternity.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to the Gaya Muslim League Conference in January 1938

“Character, courage, industry and perseverance are the four pillars on which the whole edifice of human life can be built and failure is a word unknown to me.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

As quoted in Mohammad Ali Jinnah : A Political Study (1962) by M. H. Saiyid, p. 9

“I will have nothing to do with this pseudo-religious approach to politics. I part company with the Congress and Gandhi. I do not believe in working up mob hysteria. Politics is a gentleman's game.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Speaking to journalist Durga Das in London (December 1920) as quoted in Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity : The Search for Saladin (1997) by Akbar S. Ahmed, p. 67

“Religion should not be allowed to come into Politics…. Religion is merely a matter between man and God.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to the Central Legislative Assembly (7 February 1935)

“Now, if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous, we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, and especially of the masses and the poor. If you will work in co-operation, forgetting the past, burying the hatchet, you are bound to succeed. If you change your past and work together in a spirit that everyone of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what is his colour, caste or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges, and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make.
I cannot emphasize it too much. We should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the majority and minority communities, the Hindu community and the Muslim community, because even as regards Muslims you have Pathans, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on, and among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vashnavas, Khatris, also Bengalis, Madrasis and so on, will vanish.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to the Constituent Assembly (1947)

“The great majority of us are Muslims. We follow the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed (may peace be upon him). We are members of the brotherhood of Islam in which all are equal in rights, dignity and self-respect. Consequently, we have a special and a very deep sense of unity. But make no mistake: Pakistan is not a theocracy or anything like it.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Broadcast to the people of Australia (19 February 1948)

“Our object should be peace within, and peace without. We want to live peacefully and maintain cordial friendly relations with our immediate neighbours and with the world at large.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address in Lahore (15 August 1947)

“The exploits of your leaders in many a historic field of battle; the progress of your Revolution; the rise and career of the great Atatürk, his revitalization of your nation by his great statesmanship, courage and foresight all these stirring events are well-known to the people of Pakistan.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Reply to the speech made by the first Turkish Ambassador to Pakistan at the time of presenting Credentials to the Quaid-i-Azam (4 March 1948)

“Islam lays great emphasis on the social side of things. Every day, the rich and the poor, the great and the small living in a locality are brought five times in a day in the mosque in the terms of perfect equality of mankind and thereby the foundation of a healthy social relationship is laid and established through prayer. At the end of Ramazan comes the new moon, the crescent as a signal for a mass gathering on the ‘Id day again in perfect equality of mankind which effects the entire Muslim world.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Message on the occasion of Eid-ul-Fitr (October 1941)

“We are now all Pakistanis — not Baluchis, Pathans, Sindhis, Bengalis, Punjabis and so on — and as Pakistanis we must feet behave and act, and we should be proud to be known as Pakistanis and nothing else.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Reply to the Civic Address presented by the Quetta Municipality (15 June 1948)

“Pakistan not only means freedom and independence but Muslims ideology which has to be preserved which has come to us a precious gift and treasure and which we hope, others will share with us.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to Frontier Muslim Students Federation (18 June 1945)

“As you may be aware, the Government has been making genuine efforts to allay the fears and the suspicions of the minorities and if their (Hindu minority's) exodus from Sindh still continues, it is Not because they are not wanted here, but because they are more prone to listen to people across the border who are interested in pulling them out. I am sorry for those misguided people for nothing but disillusionment awaits them in their 'PROMISED LAND'.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Reply to an address of the Welcome Note presented by the Parsi Community of Sindh, Karachi on February 3, 1948

“The Constituent Assembly has got two main functions to perform. The first is the very onerous and responsible task of framing the future constitution of Pakistan and the second of functioning as a full and complete sovereign body as the Federal Legislature of Pakistan.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Address to the Constituent Assembly (1947)

“There is no power on earth that can undo Pakistan.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Speech at a rally at the University Stadium, Lahore (30 October 1947)

“That freedom can never be attained by a nation without suffering and sacrifice has been amply borne out by the recent tragic happenings in this subcontinent. We are in the midst of unparalleled difficulties and untold sufferings; we have been through dark days of apprehension and anguish; but I can say with confidence that with courage and self-reliance and by the Grace of God we shall emerge triumphant.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Speech at a rally at the University Stadium, Lahore (30 October 1947)

“You have performed wonders in the past. You are still capable of repeating the history. You are not lacking in the great qualities and virtues in comparison with the other nations. Only you have to be fully conscious of that fact and to act with courage, faith and unity.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Message on Pakistan Day, issued from Delhi (23 March 1943)

“My message to you all is of hope, courage and confidence. Let us mobilize all our resources in a systematic and organized way and tackle the grave issues that confront us with grim determination and discipline worthy of a great nation.”

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Eid-ul-Azha Message to the Nation 24 October 1947.

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