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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling citations

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling est un philosophe allemand, grand représentant de l'idéalisme allemand et proche du romantisme. Il eut pour collègues d'études au Tübinger Stift le philosophe Hegel et le poète Hölderlin. Disciple de Kant et de Fichte, il tente de dépasser la philosophie transcendantale en élaborant son propre système qui rompt avec la pensée de ses maîtres, mais qui se rapproche du spinozisme, la Naturphilosophie ou philosophie de la nature.

L'ensemble de sa vie intellectuelle sera marquée par la quête d'un système qui réconcilie la Nature et l'Esprit, les deux versants de l'Absolu. Cette quête le conduit dans un premier temps à construire sa « philosophie de l'identité », qui sera critiquée de manière polémique par son ex-ami Hegel, dans la préface à la Phénoménologie de l'Esprit .

Schelling abandonne ensuite ce projet d'une philosophie de l'identité pour se consacrer aux Recherches sur la liberté humaine et aux Âges du Monde , qui tentent de rendre compte de la déchirure originelle de l'Absolu, sur laquelle se bâtit l'existence humaine. Ce projet, également inachevé, influencera profondément l'ontologie de Heidegger, et plus récemment, le matérialisme de Žižek.

S'ensuit alors la Spätphilosophie de Schelling : ses leçons sur la « philosophie de la mythologie », puis sur la « philosophie de la Révélation », qui analysent la relation de Absolu aux manifestations religieuses telles que le polythéisme et le christianisme. Le projet de Schelling dans la dernière partie de sa vie est d'arriver à penser le « fait de l'existence », le caractère concret de la vie par opposition aux abstractions dialectiques de son ancien confrère Hegel.

De futurs grands penseurs assistent aux leçons de la Spätphilosophie, notamment Schopenhauer ou le philosophe et théologien Kierkegaard qui en reviendront déçus, le physiologiste Johannes Müller et son homonyme le philologue Max Müller, et le militant révolutionnaire et théoricien de l'anarchisme Mikhaïl Bakounine, qui s'inspirera de ses tendances matérialistes et de sa vision de l'esprit comme activité. Wikipedia  

✵ 27. janvier 1775 – 20. août 1854   •   Autres noms Фридрих Вильгельм Шеллинг
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling photo
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling: 14   citations 0   J'aime

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling Citations

“L’alpha et l’oméga de toute philosophie est la liberté.”

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling

Le 4 février 1795, dans une lettre à Hegel.

liberté

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling: Citations en anglais

“How both the objective world accommodates to presentations in us, and presentations in us to the objective world, is unintelligible unless between the two worlds, the ideal and the real, there exists a pre-determined harmony.”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

System of Transcendental Philosophy (1800)
Contexte: How both the objective world accommodates to presentations in us, and presentations in us to the objective world, is unintelligible unless between the two worlds, the ideal and the real, there exists a pre-determined harmony. But this latter is itself unthinkable unless the activity, whereby the objective world, is produced, is at bottom identical with that which expresses itself in volition, and vice versa.

“Countless attempts have been made to no avail to construct a continuity from the supreme principle of the intellectual world to the finite world. The oldest and most frequent of these attempts is well known: the principle of emanation, according to which the outflowings from the godhead, in gradual increments and detachment from the ordinary source, losing their divine perfection until, in the end, they pass into the opposite (matter, privation), just as light is finally confined by darkness. P. 24”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“It is easy to see that this problem can be solved neither in theoretical nor in practical philosophy, but only in a higher discipline, which is the link that combines them, and neither theoretical nor practical, but both at once.”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

System of Transcendental Philosophy (1800)

“On its pass through finitude, the being-for-itself of the counter-image expresses itself most potently as “”I-ness”, as self-identical individuality. Just as a planet in its orbit no sooner reaches its farthest distance from the center than it returns to its closest proximity, so the point of the farthest distance from God, the I-ness, is also the moment of its return to the Absolute, of the re-absorption into the ideal. P. 30”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“All rules for study are summed up in this one: learn only in order to create.”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Alle Regeln, die man dem Studieren vorschreiben könnte, fassen sich in der einen zusammen: Lerne nur, um selbst zu schaffen.
On University Studies (1803), Third Lecture http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schelling,+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Joseph/Vorlesungen+%C3%BCber+die+Methode+des+akademischen+Studiums/3.+%C3%9Cber+die+ersten+Voraussetzungen+des+akademischen+Studium. Cited by Patrick Dunleavy, Authoring a PhD (Basingstoke: Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003), p. vi.
On University Studies (1803)

“The fear of speculation, the ostensible rush from the theoretical to the practical, brings about the same shallowness in action that it does in knowledge. It is by studying a strictly theoretical philosophy that we become most acquainted with Ideas, and only Ideas provide action with vigour and ethical meaning.”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Die Scheu vor der Spekulation, das angebliche Forteilen vom bloß Theoretischen zum Praktischen, bewirkt im Handeln notwendig die gleiche Flachheit wie im Wissen. Das Studium einer streng theoretischen Philosophie macht uns am unmittelbarsten mit Ideen vertraut, und nur Ideen geben dem Handeln Nachdruck und sittliche Bedeutung.
Vorlesungen über die Methode des akademischen Studiums ( Seventh Lecture http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Schelling,+Friedrich+Wilhelm+Joseph/Vorlesungen+%C3%BCber+die+Methode+des+akademischen+Studiums/7.+%C3%9Cber+einige+%C3%A4u%C3%9Fere+Gegens%C3%A4tze+der+Philosophie,+vornehmlich+den+der+positiven+Wissenschaften), Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schellings sämmtliche Werke, V, 1859, p. 277 http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?q1=%22nur%20Ideen%20geben%22;id=uva.x002624295;view=1up;seq=301;start=1;sz=10;page=search;num=277.
On University Studies (1803)

“There was a time when religion was kept secret from popular belief within the mystery cults like a holy fire, sharing a common sanctuary with philosophy. The legends of antiquity name the earliest philosophers as the originators of these mystery cults, from which the most enlightened among the later philosophers, notably Plato, liked to educe their divine teachings. At that time philosophers still had the courage and the right to discuss the singly great themes, the only ones worthy of philosophizing and rising above common knowledge. P. 7”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“If the State, modeled after the universe, is split into two spheres or classes of beings – wherein the free represent the ideas and the unfree the concrete and sensate things – then the ultimate and uppermost order remains unrealized by both. By using sensate things as tools or organs, the ideas obtain a direct relationship to the apparitions and enter into them as souls. God, however, as identity of the highest order, remains above all reality and eternally has merely an indirect relationship. If then in the higher moral order the State represents a second nature, then the divine can never have anything other than an indirect relationship to it, never can it bear any real relationship to it, and religion, if it seeks to preserve itself in unscathed pure ideality, can therefore never exist – even in the most perfect State – other than esoterically in the form of mystery cults. P. 51”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“Yes! We believe in a higher principle than your virtue and the kind of morality you speak of so paltrily and without much conviction. We believe that there is no imperative or reward for virtue for the soul because it simply acts according to the necessity of its inherent nature. The moral imperative expresses itself in an ought and presupposes the concept of an evil next to that of good. P. 43”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“The end of the philosophical dialogue lies in itself; it can never serve a purpose outside of itself. Just as a sculptor does not cease to be a work of art even if it lies at the bottom of the sea, so indeed every work of philosophy endures, even if uncomprehended in its own time. One would be grateful if it were merely a matter of incomprehension. Instead, the work is usually refitted and appropriated by various entities-some playing the part of the opponent; others, that of the proponent. P.3-4”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“They think of the philosopher as holding the ideal or subjective in one hand and the real or objective in the other and then have him strike the palms of his hands together so that one abrades the other. The product of this abrasion is the Absolute. P. 12”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

Philosophy and Religion 1804)

“If there is to be any philosophy at all, this contradiction must be resolved – and the solution of this problem, or answer to the question: how can we think both of Presentations as conforming to objects, and objects as conforming to presentations? is, not the first, but the highest task of transcendental philosophy.”

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Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling

System of Transcendental Philosophy (1800)

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