“A system that does not provide space and opportunity to be evaluated, tested, checked, and criticized will only become authoritarian. It has a tendency to follow its own will and oppose the thoughts of others.”

Last update Nov. 30, 2023. History

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“Authoritarianism and secrecy breed incompetence; the two feed on each other. It's a vicious cycle. Governments with authoritarian tendencies point to what is in fact their own incompetence as the rationale for giving them yet more power.”

Josh Marshall Talking Points Memo

Talking Points Memo (2006-01-17) http://talkingpointsmemo.com/edblog/--94387

“The people strongly demand an end to the authoritarian system. It has become a stark reality that an authoritarian system can no longer maintain national unity, achieve economic development and preserve national security.”

Roh Tae-woo (1932–2021) Army general and President of South Korea

"Man In The News; A Traveler From Seoul: Roh Tae Woo" in The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/15/world/man-in-the-news-a-traveler-from-seoul-roh-tae-woo.html (15 September 1987)

“[Magna Carta provided] “a system of checks and balances which would accord the monarchy its necessary strength, but would prevent its perversion by a tyrant or a fool.””

Winston S. Churchill (1874–1965) Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Magna Carta and Man’s Quest for Freedom, JW.org http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/102002924?q=Churchill&p=par <br class="br">Post-war years (1945–1955)

“There is no tariff so injurious as that with which sectarian bigotry guards its commodities. It dwarfs the soul by shutting out truths from other continents of thought, and checks the circulation of its own.”

Edwin Hubbell Chapin (1814–1880) American priest

Source: Living Words (1869), P. 231.

“Paradoxically, the simpler poetry is, the more difficult it becomes for a critic to discuss intelligently. Trained to explicate, the critic often loses the ability to evaluate literature outside the critical act. A work is good only in proportion to the richness and complexity of interpretations it provokes.”

Dana Gioia (1950) American writer

"The Anonymity of the Regional Poet: Ted Kooser," from Can Poetry Matter? Essays on Poetry and American Culture (1992)
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“We are told that talent creates its own opportunities. But it sometimes seems that intense desire creates not only its own opportunities but its own talents.”

Eric Hoffer (1898–1983) American philosopher

“Let words proceed as they please, provided only your soul keeps its own sure order, provided your soul is great and holds unruffled to its ideals, pleased with itself on account of the very things which displease others, a soul that makes life the test of its progress, and believes that its knowledge is in exact proportion to its freedom from desire and its freedom from fear.”

Seneca the Younger book Epistulae morales ad Lucilium

Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Moral Letters to Lucilius), Letter CXV: On the Superficial Blessings

“Whenever convictions are not arrived at by direct contact with the world and the objects themselves, but indirectly through a critique of the opinions of others, the processes of thinking are impregnated with ressentiment. The establishment of “criteria” for testing the correctness of opinions then becomes the most important task. Genuine and fruitful criticism judges all opinions with reference to the object itself. Ressentiment criticism, on the contrary, accepts no “object” that has not stood the test of criticism”

Max Scheler (1874–1928) German philosopher

Source: Das Ressentiment im Aufbau der Moralen (1912), L. Coser, trans. (1973), pp. 67-68

“It is in the nature of science that once a position becomes orthodox it should be suggested to criticism…. It does not follow that, because a position is orthodox, it is wrong.”

John Maynard Smith (1920–2004) British theoretical evolutionary biologist and geneticist

(1976) Group Selection. Quarterly Review of Biology 51, 277-283.

“Understanding of other nations does not mean a feeling against your own country. That's the whole trouble with Germans. They can see only their own country, the local church steeples only. If only German youth could go abroad, and youth from other countries come to Germany. You always have to have criticism if you wish to become better.”

Albert Kesselring (1885–1960) German Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall during World War II

To Leon Goldensohn, February 4, 1946, from "The Nuremberg Interviews" by Leon Goldensohn, Robert Gellately - History - 2004.

“A system that does not provide space and opportunity to be evaluated, tested, checked, and criticized will only become authoritarian. It has a tendency to follow its own will and oppose the thoughts of others.”

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