Charles Edward Merriam (1874–1953) American political scientist
170 ; as cited in Albert Lepawsky (1949), Administration, p. 220-1
Systematic Politics, 1943
Source: Our Enemy, the State (1935), p. 59
Context: There are two methods, or means, and only two, whereby man's needs and desires can be satisfied. One is the production and exchange of wealth; this is the economic means. The other is the uncompensated appropriation of wealth produced by others; this is the political means. The primitive exercise of the political means was, as we have seen, by conquest, confiscation, expropriation, and the introduction of a slave-economy. The conqueror parcelled out the conquered territory among beneficiaries, who thenceforth satisfied their needs and desires by exploiting the labour of the enslaved inhabitants. The feudal State, and the merchant-State, wherever found, merely took over and developed successively the heritage of character, intention and apparatus of exploitation which the primitive State transmitted to them; they are in essence merely higher integrations of the primitive State.
The State, then, whether primitive, feudal or merchant, is the organization of the political means. Now, since man tends always to satisfy his needs and desires with the least possible exertion, he will employ the political means whenever he can – exclusively, if possible; otherwise, in association with the economic means.
Charles Edward Merriam (1874–1953) American political scientist
170 ; as cited in Albert Lepawsky (1949), Administration, p. 220-1
Systematic Politics, 1943
Marilyn Stokstad (1929–2016) art historian
Overview: Castles in Context
Medieval castles (2005)
Peter Gelderloos (1982) American anarchist
Worshiping Power: An Anarchist View of Early State Formation (2017), p. 7
Ma Fuxiang (1876–1932) Chinese politician
In the Land of the Laughing Buddha – The Adventures of an American Barbarian in China, Upton Close, 2007, READ BOOKS, 271, 1-4067-1675-8, 440, 2010-06-28 http://books.google.com/books?id=DpQa22PJutwC&dq=arab+mercenaries+china&q=They+have+not+enjoyed+the+educational+and+political+privileges+of+the+Han+chinese%2C+and+they+are+in+many+respects+primitive#v=snippet&q=They%20have%20not%20enjoyed%20the%20educational%20and%20political%20privileges%20of%20the%20Han%20chinese%2C%20and%20they%20are%20in%20many%20respects%20primitive&f=false,
Richard Pipes (1923–2018) American historian
Source: Three “Whys” of the Russian Revolution (1995), pp. 17-18
John W. Meyer (1935) Sociologist and professor at Stanford University
Source: "Reflections on institutional theories of organization,." 2008, p. 790
Robert Gilpin (1930–2018) Political scientist
p, 125
War and Change in World Politics (1981)
William Barrett (philosopher) book Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy
Source: Irrational Man: A Study in Existential Philosophy (1958), Chapter Two, The Encounter With Nothingness, p. 26
Carroll Quigley (1910–1977) American historian
Source: The Evolution of Civilizations (1961) (Second Edition 1979), Chapter 4, Historical Analysis, p. 123