“Any model or description that leaves out conscious forces … is bound to be sadly incomplete and unsatisfactory”

—  Roger Wolcott Sperry

Mind, Brain, and Humanist Values (1965)
Context: Any model or description that leaves out conscious forces... is bound to be sadly incomplete and unsatisfactory... This scheme is one that puts mind back over matter, in a sense, not under or outside or beside it. It is a scheme that idealizes ideas and ideals over physical and chemical interactions, nerve impulse traffic, and DNA. It is a brain model in which conscious mental psychic forces are recognized to be the crowning achievement of some five hundred million years or more of evolution.

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Roger Wolcott Sperry 32
American neuroscientist 1913–1994

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